| 单词 | 大影响 |
| 释义 | 〔Hillel〕Palestinian rabbi who greatly influenced the interpretation of Judaic law.希勒尔：巴勒斯坦的犹太教拉比，曾大大影响关于犹太教律法的解释〔impact〕Each generation of critics seems to select one particular usage to stand as the emblem of what they view as linguistic crassness.Thirty years ago it was the use ofcontact as a verb, but opposition to that form has more or less disappeared,and attention now focuses on the verbal use ofimpact meaning "have an effect, affect.” Eighty-four percent of the Usage Panel disapproves of the constructionto impact on, as in the phrasesocial pathologies, common to the inner city, that impact heavily on such a community; and fully 95 percent disapproves of the use ofimpact as a transitive verb in the sentence Companies have used disposable techniques that have a potential for impacting our health. But even these figures do not reflect the degree of distaste with which critics view the usage:in their comments some Panelists labeled the usage as "bureaucratic,” "pretentious,” "vile,” and "a vulgarism.” ·It may be that the particular pretentiousness associated with the verbal use ofimpact is caused by its derivation from an already questionable metaphoric use of the noun impact, as in phrases such asthe political impact of the decision or the impact of the program on the community, in which no more is usually meant than might have been expressed by effects or consequences. But thoughimpact may have begun life a generation ago as an inflated substitute for "affect significantly,” it has by now become so common in corporate and institutional contexts that younger speakers appear to regard it as wholly standard and straightforward usage.Within a few years, accordingly,the usage is likely to be no more objectionable thancontact is now, since it will no longer betray any particular pretentiousness on the part of those who use it.See Usage Note at contact 每一代的批评家好象都挑了一个特别的用法作为他们认为的语言上的愚蠢行为的象征。三十年以前是contact 作为动词的用法， 但是对这种形式的反对或多或少已经消失了，注意力现在集中到了impact 意思为“有不好的影响、影响”的动词用法上。 用法专题小组成员中百分之八十四不同意to impact on 的结构， 如在短语对内城区来说很普通的社会病理学，对这样一个社区产生了很大影响的 当中； 百分之九十五的成员完全不同意impact 在句子 公司已经使用了可能会对我们的健康产生不良影响的易处理技术 中当作及物动词来使用。 但是即使是这些数字也没有反映出批评家们对这种用法厌恶的程度：在他们的评论当中有些成员把这种用法说成是“官僚主义的”、“装腔作势的”，“可耻的”，还说这是“粗鄙的语言。”也许和impact 的动词用法有关联的虚饰成份是由于它是从名词 impact 的一个早有争议的比喻用法衍变而来造成的。 如在短语这个决定在政治上的影响 或者 这个计划对公众的影响 中它的意思并没有比用 effects 或者 consequences 表达出来的意思要多。 尽管impact 作为“明显地影响”的夸大了的替代可能在一代人之前开始产生， 但是现在的年轻一代使用者看上去把它当成了完全标准的、直接的用法，这在共同的和惯例的文章中已经很普遍了。相应地在几年内，这种用法很有可能不比今天的contact 更引起反对， 因为对于那些使用它的人来说这不会再显得有点矫揉造作了 参见 contact〔Malherbe〕French poet whose works of rigid form and simple diction influenced French classicism.马莱伯，弗朗索瓦·德：(1555-1628) 法国诗人，他的作品格律严整，造词精炼，对法国正统文学有很大影响〔gangbuster〕With great impact, vigor, or zeal:具有很大影响、精力和热情：〔leverage〕a lifestyle that was leveraged by business responsibilities.被商业责任大大影响的生活方式〔leprechaun〕Nothing seems more Irish than the leprechaun;yet, hiding within the wordleprechaun is a word from another language entirely. If we look back beyond Modern Irish Gaelicluprachán and Middle Irish luchrupán to Old Irish luchorpān, we can see the connection.Luchorpān is a compound of Old Irish lū, meaning "small,” and the Old Irish word corp, "body.” Corp is borrowed from Latin corpus (which we know from habeas corpus ). Here is a piece of evidence attesting to the deep influence of Church Latin on the Irish language.Although the word is old in Irishit is fairly new in English,being first recorded in 1604.没有什么东西看上去比矮妖精更具有爱尔兰特色；但是，leprechaum （矮妖精）这个单词里却隐藏着一个完全来源于另一种语言的单词。 如果我们通过现代爱尔兰语中的luprachan 和中世纪爱尔兰语 luchrupan 一词，追溯到古代爱尔兰语中的 luchorpan 这个单词， 我们就可以看出其中的联系了。luchorpan 是由古代爱尔兰语中表示“小、矮小”，意思的 lu 和古代爱尔兰语中表示“身体”的 corp 一词所构成的复合词。 corp 一词是从拉丁语中 corpus 借用过来的（这一点我们可以从 habeas corpus 【人身保护令】得知）。 这是一个证明教堂拉丁语对爱尔兰语有着重大影响的证据。虽然该词在爱尔兰语中已经很古老了，但在英语中却很新，首次记录于1604年〔Oliver〕American jazz musician and composer who had a great influence on the style of Louis Armstrong. His Creole Jazz Band was the first Black group to make jazz recordings.奥利弗，约瑟夫：(1885?-1938) 美国爵士乐手和作曲家，对于路易斯·阿姆斯特朗的音乐风格产生极大影响。他的克里奥耳爵士乐队是第一个录制唱片的黑人音乐组〔Husserl〕Austrian-born German philosopher. A leader in the development of phenomenology, he had a major influence on the existentialists.胡塞尔，埃德蒙：(1859-1938) 奥地利裔德国哲学家。现象学发展的先驱，他对存在主义者有很大影响〔Lesage〕French writer. His novelGil Blas (1715-1735) had a major influence on modern realistic fiction. 勒萨日，阿兰·兰诺：(1668-1747) 法国作家。他的小说《吉尔·布拉斯》 （1715-1735年）对现代现实主义小说有重大影响 〔considerable〕a writer of considerable influence.一名有很大影响的作家〔Herder〕German philosopher and writer whose advocacy of intuition over rationality greatly influenced Goethe and formed the basis of German romanticism.赫德约翰，约翰·戈特夫里德·冯：(1744-1803) 德国哲学家、作家。他的直感胜于理智的观点对歌德有很大影响，成为德国浪漫主义的基础〔seminal〕Highly influential in an original way; constituting or providing a basis for further development.有重大影响的：以独创的方式产生巨大影响的；组成或提供进一步发展的基础的〔Lebrun〕French painter, designer, and courtier. As head of the French Royal Academy and principal painter to the king, he had a major influence on the development of the Louis Quatorze style.勒布朗，查尔斯：(1619-1690) 法国画家、设计师和路易十四的朝臣。他是法国皇家学院的院长，国王的首席画师，对路易十四风格的发展产生重大影响〔Hendrix〕American musician whose innovative electric guitar playing greatly influenced the development of rock music.亨德里克斯，基米：(1942-1970) 美国音乐家，经他改新的电吉它对摇滚乐的发展有重大影响〔force〕A person or group capable of influential action:举足轻重的人：能施加重大影响的一个人或一组：〔Canning〕British diplomat to the Ottoman court who strongly influenced Turkish policy in the mid-1800's.坎宁，斯特拉特福：(1786-1880) 英国外交家，曾出使奥斯曼朝廷，对18世纪中叶的土耳其政策产生过重大影响〔Haydn〕Austrian composer who exerted great influence on the development of the classical symphony. A contemporary of Mozart, he wrote numerous symphonies and string quartets as well as operas and concertos.海顿，弗朗兹·约瑟夫：(1732-1809) 奥地利作曲家，莫扎特的同时代人，对古典交响乐的发展产生过重大影响，除了歌剧和协奏曲外，他还写了大量的交响乐和弦乐四重奏〔vorticism〕A short-lived English movement in art and literature that arose in 1914 and was heavily influenced by cubism and futurism.旋涡主义：英国一个短暂的艺术和文学运动，兴起于1914年，受到立体主义和未来主义的很大影响〔Duncan〕American dancer whose use of simple costumes and free movement greatly influenced modern dance.邓肯，伊莎多拉：(1878-1927) 美国舞蹈家，她使用的简单服装与自由动作极大影响了现代舞蹈〔Franck〕French organist and composer who exerted great influence as a teacher. His most acclaimed work is his Symphony in D minor (1889).弗兰克，塞萨尔·奥古斯特：(1822-1890) 法国风琴手和作曲家。作为老师发挥了很大影响。其最得意之作是《D小调交响曲》(1889年）〔significant〕Having or likely to have a major effect; important:意义重大的：有或可能有重大影响的；重要的： |
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