| 单词 | 大量 |
| 释义 | 〔lavish〕Characterized by or produced with extravagance and profusion:奢侈的：以奢侈和大量丰富生产为特征的：〔Bach〕German composer and organist of the late baroque period. Among the greatest composers in history, he wrote more than 200 cantatas, theSaint Matthew Passion (1729), the Mass in B minor (1733-1738), orchestral works such as the the six Brandenburg Concertos, and numerous works for organ, harpsichord, other solo instruments, and chamber ensembles. Four of his children became noted musicians: Wilhelm Friedemann Bach (1710-1784); Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714-1788), an important figure in the development of the symphony; Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach (1732-1795); and Johann Christian Bach (1735-1782). 巴赫，约翰·塞巴斯蒂安：(1685-1750) 巴洛克时代晚期的德国作曲家和管风琴家。是历史上最伟大的作曲家之一。他写了200多首大清唱剧《马太受难曲》 （1729年），B小调弥撒曲（1733-1738年），管弦乐作品如六首 《勃兰登堡协奏曲》 和大量管风琴、拨弦古钢琴以及其它独奏乐器作品。他的四个孩子也成了著名的音乐家： 韦尔海姆·弗莱德曼·巴赫 （1710-1784年）； 卡尔·菲利浦·伊曼纽·巴赫 （1714-1788年），交响乐发展中的重要人物； 约翰·克里斯朵夫·弗雷德里奇·巴赫 （1732-1795年）；以及 约翰·克里斯蒂安·巴赫 （1735-1782年） 〔popcorn〕A small piece, as of polystyrene, used in quantity to protect items during packaging and shipment.保护物品的小片：大量用于包装及运输中保护物品的一种小片，如聚苯乙烯〔granary〕A region yielding much grain.产粮区：生产大量谷物的地区〔popcorn〕Popcorn is very much an American institution.Particularly enjoyed by people in the United States,it is grown as a native product and denoted by a word that is an Americanism,a word or expression that was first used in English in the United States.Popcorn, from the verb pop and the noun corn, fits these criteriabecause the first recorded use of the word is found inMemorable Days in America, an account written by the British traveler William Faux and published in London in 1823: "I crossed the Big Wabash . . . at La Valette's ferry,where is beautiful land . . . and two lonely families of naked-legged French settlersfrom whom I received two curious ears of poss corn.”Notice that either Faux misunderstood the termor the French settlers mispronounced it.This type of corn, introduced to the settlers by Native Americans,was long grown by them,little knowing that their benefaction would one day be consumed by countless moviegoers while watching Westerns.爆玉米是美洲人非常熟知的事物。尤其为美国人喜欢，这种作物被他们作为本地作物而大量种植并以一个美国单词来命名，这个词首先在美国被用于英语中。Popcorn 源于动词 pop 和名词 corn， 并且它适应这些标准，因为有关这个词的最早记录见于由英国旅行者威廉·福克斯所著的、1823年在伦敦出版的游记在美国的难忘日子 中，福克斯在其中写道： “我在瓦莱特码头渡过大沃巴什河，那儿有美丽的田地…及两个孤零零的法国家庭，他们都是赤脚的法国拓荒者，从他们那儿我得到了两根奇怪的玉米棒。”请注意，要么也许是福克斯误解了该词，要么也许是法国拓荒者发错了音。这种类型的玉米是美洲印第安人介绍给这些拓荒者的，且已被这些印第安人种植很久了，但他们几乎无法料到他们的施惠有一天会被无数电影观众一边嚼着一边看西部片。〔kidnap〕Kidnapper seems to have originated appropriately enough among those who perpetrate this crime. We know this becausekid and napper, the two parts of the compound, were slang of the sort that criminals might use. Kid, which some still find slangy, was considered low slang when kidnapper was formed, and napper is obsolete slang for a thief, coming from the verbnap, "to seize a person or thing, steal.” Nap is possibly a variant ofnab, which still has a slangy ring to it.In 1678, the year in which the word is first recorded,kidnappers plied their trade on behalf of plantations in colonies such as the ones in North America.The term later took on the broader sense that it has today.The verbkidnap is recorded later (1682) than the noun and so is possibly a back-formation,that is, people have assumed that a kidnapper kidnaps.Kidnapper 似乎恰好源于犯这种罪的人。 我们知道这个复合词的两个部分kid 和 napper 是这种罪犯们可能用的俚语。 Kidnapper 形成时 kid 被认为是低等的俚语，现在kid仍有俚语性质， napper 是指小偷的废弃的俚语， 从动词nap 而来， 指“抓住人或东西，偷。” Nap 可能是nab 的变体， 它也仍有俚语的性质。1678年这个词在英语中第一次记录时，绑架者为了如北美的殖民地种植园的利益进行了大量绑架。这个词后来又有象今天这么广的含义，动词kidnap 比名词记录要晚（1682年）， 所以可能是逆构词，也就是人们认为“绑架者”会绑架〔Astor〕American-born British capitalist who used his considerable family fortune to buy interests in newspapers and endow public causes.阿斯特，威廉·沃尔多夫：(1848-1919) 美裔美国资本家，曾倾注大量家庭资产购买报业股份并资助公众事业〔umpteen〕umpteen reasons; umpteen guests.无数条理由；大量客人〔goldfield〕An area containing abundant deposits of gold or gold ore.金矿区：蕴藏大量黄金或金矿的地区〔massacre〕The slaughter of a large number of animals.（对大量牲畜的）大批屠宰〔torch〕A portable apparatus that produces a very hot flame by the combustion of gases, used in welding and construction.喷枪：燃烧气体产生大量火焰的一种可携式装置，用于焊接或建筑〔Hopper〕American actress and journalist noted for her syndicated Hollywood gossip column (1938-1966) and her large collection of exotic hats.霍珀，赫达：(1890-1966) 美国女演员和记者，因其通过报业辛迪加在多家报纸同时发表的好莱坞闲话专栏(1938-1966年）和大量收藏奇异的帽子而闻名〔engross〕from en gros [in large quantity] 源自 en gros [大量] 〔inclusive〕Taking a great deal or everything within its scope; comprehensive:包括的，包罗广泛的：将大量或每一件事都包括在其范围之内的；综合性的：〔rich〕Containing a large amount of choice ingredients, such as butter, sugar, or eggs, and therefore unusually heavy or sweet:富有营养成分的：包含大量精选成分，如黄油、糖或鸡蛋的，因而不同寻常地腻或甜的：〔world〕Often worlds A large amount; much: 常作 worlds 大量；许多：〔Claudel〕French diplomat and writer whose works include poetry and a number of plays, such asTidings Brought to Mary (1912). 克洛岱尔，保罗·路易斯·查尔斯：(1868-1955) 法国外交官、作家，作品包括诗歌和大量剧作，如《给玛丽报信》 （1912年） 〔muchness〕Greatness of quantity, degree, or extent.大量：数量多、程度高或范围大〔project〕An extensive task undertaken by a student or group of students to apply, illustrate, or supplement classroom lessons.研究计划：一个学生或一组学生执行以使用、阐明或补遗课堂作业的大量任务〔Carroll〕American political pamphleteer and adviser who wrote prolifically for anti-Catholic and pro-Union causes. In 1862 she published a pamphlet that outlined what was to become President Abraham Lincoln's constitutional theory concerning the rebellious states.卡洛尔，安娜·埃拉：(1815-1893) 美国政治小册子作者及顾问，为反对天主教和拥护联邦的事业而撰写了大量著作。她于1862年发表了一本小册子，描画了日后成为亚伯拉罕·林肯总统论述叛乱各州的宪法理论的大致轮廓〔start〕a large number of new housing starts this year.大量新房今年开工〔shop〕To offer (a large block of common stock, for example) for sale to various parties:出售股票：把（比如大量普通股票）卖给各方：〔gender〕Traditionally,gender has been used primarily to refer to the grammatical categories of "masculine,” "feminine,” and "neuter"; but in recent years the word has become well established in its use to refer to sex-based categories,as in phrases such asgender gap and the politics of gender. This usage is supported by the practice of many anthropologists,who reservesex for reference to biological categories, while usinggender to refer to social or cultural categories. According to this rule,one would sayThe effectiveness of the medication appears to depend on the sex (not gender ) of the patient, butIn peasant societies, gender (not sex ) roles are likely to be more clearly defined. This distinction is useful in principle,but it is by no means widely observed,and considerable variation in usage occurs at all levels.传统地，gender 已被主要用来指“阳性”、“阴性”和“中性”的语法类别， 自近年来，这个单词已被人们普遍接受为指基于性别区分的类别，例如在词组性别差异 和 性别政治 中， 这种用法被许多人类学家所支持，他们把sex 局限为生物类别， 而用gender 来指社会和文化方面的类别。 根据这种规则，我们应该说医疗的有效性似乎取决于 （而不是 gender ） 病人的性别， 但是在农业国家中，性别的 （不是 sex ） 角色易于有更清楚的定义。 这种区分在原则上是有用的，但无法被人们广泛注意，而且大量变体出现于在不同水平的用法中〔plasmodium〕A multinucleate mass of cytoplasm formed by the aggregation of a number of amoeboid cells, as that characteristic of the vegetative phase of the slime molds.原质团：由大量变形虫细胞聚集形成的细胞质的多核团，与粘菌的无性繁殖阶段的特性类似〔macronutrient〕An element, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen, required in large proportion for the normal growth and development of a plant.大量营养素：满足植物正常生长和发育而需要的大量元素，如碳、氢、氧或氮等〔salivation〕An abnormally abundant flow of saliva.唾液不正常的大量分泌〔minnow〕Any of a large group of small, freshwater fishes of the family Cyprinidae, widely used as live bait.米诺鱼：鲤科中大量小淡水鱼，被广泛用作活饵〔bottlebrush〕Any of various Australian shrubs or trees of the generaCallistemon and Melaleuca, having densely flowered, cylindrical spikes with numerous, long, protruding stamens that suggest a brush used to clean bottles. 红千层属植物：红千层属 和 白千层 属各种澳大利亚灌木或树木，具有稠密的花状圆柱形尖刺，上带大量长而突出的雄蕊，令人想起清洁瓶子的刷子 〔spew〕a volcano that spewed molten lava; spewed invective at his opponent.喷出大量熔岩的火山；对他的对手进行大肆谩骂〔outlay〕"huge new outlays for the military"(New York Times)“大量新支出的军事费用”(纽约时报)〔clone〕To make multiple identical copies of (a DNA sequence).复制，克隆：制成大量（DNA序列）的同样复制品〔olio〕A heavily spiced stew of meat, vegetables, and chickpeas.荤素什锦：一种放了大量调料的炖煮肉、蔬菜和鸡豆〔fortune〕Extensive amounts of material possessions or money; wealth.庞大的财产：大量财产、金钱或财宝；财富〔guzzle〕To drink, especially alcoholic beverages, greedily or habitually.大量或习惯性地饮用酒精饮料〔Trebbiano〕A white grape used extensively in the production of Italian wines and balsamic vinegar.特雷比亚诺葡萄：大量用于制造意大利葡萄酒和意大利香醋的白葡萄〔store〕A great quantity or number; an abundance.大量：大的数量或数目；充裕〔torte〕A rich cake made with many eggs and little flour and usually containing chopped nuts.德国大蛋糕；果子奶油蛋糕：一种由大量鸡蛋，少量面粉制成的油腻的蛋糕，通常包含碎果仁〔ragweed〕Any of various weeds of the genusAmbrosia having small, greenish, unisexual flower heads and producing abundant pollen that is one of the chief causes of hay fever. 豚草：一种豚草 属的杂草，有绿色、单性花朵，能产大量花粉，是引起花粉热的主要原因之一 〔debunk〕One can readily see thatdebunk is constructed from the prefix de-, meaning "to remove,” and the wordbunk. But what is the origin of the wordbunk, denoting the nonsense that is to be removed? Bunk came from a place where much bunk has originated, the United States Congress.During the 16th Congress (1819-1821) Felix Walker, a representative from western North Carolina whose district included Buncombe County, continued on with a dull speech in the face of protests by his colleagues.Walker replied he had felt obligated "to make a speech for Buncombe.”Such a masterful symbol for empty talk could not be ignored by the speakers of the language,andBuncombe, actually spelled Bunkum in its first recorded appearance in 1828 and later shortened tobunk, became synonymous with claptrap. The response to all this bunk seems to have been delayed,fordebunk is not recorded until 1923. 可以很容易地看出debunk 是由前缀 de-， 表“去掉”和单词bunk 构成的。 可是单词bunk 表示“要除去的无稽之谈”的含意的起源是什么呢? Bunk 来自美国国会，一个产生大量空话、假话的地方。在第16届国会期间(1819-1821年），一个来自北卡罗来纳州西部（其区域包括邦克姆县）的代表费列克斯·沃尔克面对其同僚们的抗议，而进行持续冗长枯燥的演讲，沃尔克说他有责任“为邦克姆发表演说”。这种说空话的杰作是不会被说英语的人忽视的。Buncombe 实际上在1828年第一次被记载时拼作 Bunkum ， 后来缩写成Bunk 并成为 claptrap 的同义词。 对这空话的反应似乎被耽搁了，因为debunk 直到1923年才被记录下来 〔infest〕livestock that were infested with tapeworms.寄生了大量绦虫的动物 |
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