| 单词 | 天体 |
| 释义 | 〔primary〕A celestial body, especially a star, relative to other bodies in orbit around it.恒星：在轨道上圈绕其相对其他天体的天体，尤指恒星〔occultation〕The passage of a celestial body across a line between an observer and another celestial object, as when the moon moves between the earth and the sun in a solar eclipse.掩星现象：天体运行穿过观察者和另一天体连线，如日食时，月球移动到地球和太阳之间〔astrogeology〕The geology of celestial bodies.天体地质学：有关天体研究的地质学〔meteoroid〕A solid body, moving in space, that is smaller than an asteroid and at least as large as a speck of dust.流星体：活动在空间的固体天体，比小行星小，至少与尘埃一样大〔sextile〕Of or relating to the position of two celestial bodies when they are 60° apart.六十度的：当两个天体成六十度时位置的或有关两个天体成六十度时位置的〔day〕The period during which a celestial body makes a similar rotation.天体自转一周的时间：天体做类似自转的一段时间〔lamp〕A celestial body that gives off or reflects light.自然光源：发光或反射光的天体〔astronomy〕The scientific study of matter in outer space, especially the positions, dimensions, distribution, motion, composition, energy, and evolution of celestial bodies and phenomena.天文学：外层空间事物的科学研究，尤指天体及天文现象的位置、大小、分布、运动、构成、能量及演化的科学〔planet〕A nonluminous celestial body larger than an asteroid or a comet, illuminated by light from a star, such as the sun, around which it revolves. In the solar system there are nine known planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.行星：比一颗小行星或一颗彗星大的不发光的天体，由它绕转的恒星，如太阳的光所照亮在太阳系中有九个已知的行星：水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星和冥王星〔Borelli〕Italian mathematician, astronomer, and physiologist who first reasoned that celestial objects follow parabolic paths and also studied the movement of animals.博雷利，乔瓦尼·阿方索：(1608-1679) 意大利数学家、天文学家和医学家，他第一个推导出天体以椭圆路径运动的原因，同时他也研究动物的运动〔Ptolemy〕Alexandrian astronomer, mathematician, and geographer who based his astronomy on the belief that all heavenly bodies revolve around the earth.托勒密：亚历山大天文学家，数学家和地理学家，他把他的天文学建立在所有的天体都绕地球运转这样一种信仰之上〔star〕Something regarded as resembling such a celestial body.被描述为类似于这样天体的东西〔luminary〕An object, such as a celestial body, that gives light.发光体：发光的物体，比如天体〔trine〕In astrology, the aspect of two planets when 120° apart.120度相互方位：在占星术中，两天体相距120度的相互方位〔geochemistry〕The chemistry of the composition and alterations of the solid matter of the earth or a celestial body.地球化学：研究地球或天体的地壳构成及变化的化学〔azimuth〕The horizontal angular distance from a reference direction, usually the northern point of the horizon, to the point where a vertical circle through a celestial body intersects the horizon, usually measured clockwise. Sometimes the southern point is used as the reference direction, and the measurement is made clockwise through 360°.方位角，方位：从某一参考方向测量的地平线的角距离，通常指从地平线北端到通过天体和地平线相交的垂直的圆周上的某一点，一般顺时针测量。有时南部的点作为参考方向，以360°为标准做顺时针测量〔astrometry〕The scientific measurement of the positions and motions of celestial bodies.天体测量学：天体位置及运动的科学测量〔semidiameter〕The apparent radius of a celestial body when viewed as a disk from Earth.半径：一般指从地球上看到的象圆盘的球形天体的二维平面半径〔orbit〕One complete revolution of such a body.轨道的一周：此类天体或卫星的环行一周〔moon〕The moon as it appears at a particular time in its cycle of phases:朔望月：月亮在某一特定时间就会在天体运转轨道相应位置出现：〔pulsar〕Any of several celestial radio sources emitting short, intense bursts of radio waves, x-rays, or visible electromagnetic radiation at regular intervals, generally believed to be rotating neutron stars.脉冲星：若干能发出无线电波的天体之一，能以有规律的间隔发出短促且强烈的无线电波、X射线或肉眼可见的电磁放射，普遍认为它们是旋转磁中子星〔lander〕A space vehicle designed to land on a celestial body, such as the moon or a planet.着陆器：一种用于在诸如月亮或行星等天体上着陆的空间机械器具〔syzygy〕Either of two points in the orbit of a celestial body where the body is in opposition to or in conjunction with the sun.望：天体轨道中该天体与太阳位置相反或会合的两点之一〔Abbot〕American astrophysicist noted for his pioneering study of solar radiation.艾博特，查尔斯·格林雷：(1872-1973) 美国天体物理学家，以其对太阳系辐射的开创性研究而闻名〔geology〕The scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of the solid matter of a celestial body.天体学：对天体的固体物质的来源、历史和结构的科学研究〔rise〕The appearance of the sun or other celestial body above the horizon.开，启：太阳或其他天体出现在地平线之上〔MACHO〕Any of various massive dark objects, such as a brown dwarf star or large planet, in the outermost regions of a galaxy, that may explain the observed anomalous rotation of most galaxies.天体紧密光圈物体：在银河系远程的各种巨大黑色物体，如棕色矮星或大行星，可对观测到的多数银河系不规则自转做出解释〔astrodynamics〕The dynamics of natural and human-made bodies in outer space.航天动力学，天体动力学：将天然及人工天体推入外层空间的动力学〔umbra〕The completely dark portion of the shadow cast by the earth, moon, or other body during an eclipse.本影：由地球、月亮或其他天体在蚀的过程中造成的阴影中完全黑暗的部分〔Wednesday〕We say the names of the days of the week constantly,but for most of us they are nonsense syllables. The seven-day system we use is based on the ancient astrological notion that the seven celestial bodies (the sun, the moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn) revolving around stationary Earth influence what happens on itand that each of these celestial bodies controls the first hour of the day named after it.This system was brought into Hellenistic Egypt from Mesopotamia,where astrology had been practiced for millenniums and where seven had always been a propitious number.Ina.d. 321 the Emperor Constantine the Great grafted this astrological system onto the Roman calendar, made the first day of this new week a day of rest and worship for all,and imposed the following sequence and names to the days of the week:Diēs Sōlis, "Sun's Day"; Diēs Lūnae, "Moon's Day"; Diēs Martis, "Mars's Day"; Diēs Mercuriī, "Mercury's Day"; Diēs Iovis, "Jove's Day" or "Jupiter's Day"; Diēs Veneris, "Venus's Day"; andDiēs Saturnī, "Saturn's Day.” This new Roman system was adopted with modifications throughout most of western Europe:in the Germanic languages, such as Old English, the names of four of the Roman gods were converted into those of the corresponding Germanic gods.Therefore in Old English we have the following names (with their Modern English developments):Sunnandæg, Sunday; Mōnandæg, Monday; Tīwesdæg, Tuesday (the god Tiu, like Mars, was a god of war); Wōdnesdæg, Wednesday (the god Woden, like Mercury, was quick and eloquent); Thunresdæg, Thursday ( the god Thunor in Old English or Thor in Old Norse, like Jupiter, was lord of the sky;Old NorseThōrsdagr influenced the English form); Frīgedæg, Friday (the goddess Frigg, like Venus, was the goddess of love); andSaeternesdæg, Saturday. 我们经常说一周各天的名字，但对我们中的大多数人来说，它们是毫无意义的音节。我们使用的七天制度是建立在古代星象学的观点上，即绕着静止不动的地球旋转的七个天体（太阳、月亮、火星、水星、木星、金星和土星），影响着地球上发生的事情，并且这些天体控制着以它们的名字命名的周日的第一个小时。这个体制从美索不达米亚引进到具有古希腊文明的埃及，在美索不达米亚，星象术已流行了上百万年，七一直是个吉利的数字。在公元 321年伟大的康斯坦丁国王把星相学系统用于罗马历， 把这种新星期的第一天作为休息与做礼拜的一天，并把以下的次序及名字加在其它的周日上：Dies solis ，“太阳日”； Dies Lunae “月亮日”； Dies Martis “金星日”； Dies Mercurii ，“水星日”； Dies Iovis， “朱维日”或“木星日”； Dies Veneris， “金星日”； 和Dies Saturni, “土星日”。 这种新罗马体制在西欧的大部地区有所改变后被采用：在日耳曼语言中，如古英语中，四位罗马神的名字被改为相应的日耳曼神的名字。所以在古英语中我们看到以下的名字（以及他们的现代英语形式）：Sunnanhd?g, 星期日； Monand?g, 星期一； Tiwesd?g， 星期二（蒂乌神，象玛尔斯一样，是战神）； Wodnesd?g, 星期三（沃登，象墨丘利一样，行动敏捷，善于词辩）； Thunresd?g， 星期四( 古英语中的撒纳及古挪威语的索，象朱庇特一样，是宇宙之主；古挪威语的Thorsdagr 影响了英语中的该词的形式）； Friged?g, 星期五（女神弗丽嘉，象维纳斯一样，是爱神）； 和Saeternesd?g, 星期六 〔azimuth〕The horizontal angle of the observer's bearing in surveying, measured clockwise from a referent direction, as from the north, or from a referent celestial body, usually Polaris.方位角：观察者通过测量所具有的水平角度，从某一参考方向顺时针测量，如从北部或从参考天体处，通常从北极星〔planetarium〕An optical device for projecting images of celestial bodies and other astronomical phenomena onto the inner surface of a hemispherical dome.天象仪：一种能将天体和其它天文学现象的影象投射到半球状圆屋顶内表面的光学设备〔quintessence〕In ancient and medieval philosophy, the fifth and highest essence after the four elements of earth, air, fire, and water, thought to be the substance of the heavenly bodies and latent in all things.第五种要素：在古代和中世纪的哲学中，除了土、空气、火和水四大基本元素以外的第五种也是最高的精髓，被认为是天体的组成物质并潜伏在于所有事物之中〔cosmology〕A specific theory or model of this structure and these dynamics.宇宙天体论：关于这种结构和动力的某一学说或模型〔world〕A celestial body such as a planet:天体，如行星：〔weight〕The force with which a body is attracted to Earth or another celestial body, equal to the product of the object's mass and the acceleration of gravity.重力：地球和其它天体对某物体的作用力，它等于物体的质量与重力加速度的乘积〔trine〕Of or relating to an astrologically favorable positioning of two celestial bodies 120° apart.三分之一对应的：属于或关于两天体相距120度的占星术吉利的天象的〔spherical〕Of or relating to celestial bodies.天体的：天体的，有关天体的〔transit〕The passage of a smaller celestial body or its shadow across the disk of a larger celestial body.掩星：一个较小的星体或它的阴影通过一个较大天体的圆平面〔Pickering〕American astronomer noted for his work on stellar photometry. His brotherWilliam Henry Pickering (1858-1938) discovered Phoebe, the ninth moon of Saturn (1899), and predicted the existence of Pluto (1919). 皮克林，爱德华·查尔斯：(1846-1919) 美国天文学家，因在天体光度学方面的研究而闻名。他的弟弟威廉·亨利·皮克林 (1858-1938年）发现了土星的第九个卫星──土卫九(1899年），并预言了冥王星的存在(1919年） |
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