| 单词 | 失去 |
| 释义 | 〔felony〕Any of several crimes in early English law that were punishable by forfeiture of land or goods and by possible loss of life or a bodily part.重罪，大罪：英国早期法律规定的几种重罪，这些罪行可处以没收土地、财产甚至失去身体某一部分或死刑〔Gilmer〕American journalist noted for her syndicated advice column for the lovelorn (1896-1949).吉尔墨，伊丽莎白·梅里韦瑟：(1870-1951) 美国记者，以其为失去爱人或恋人的人作的辛迪加组织建议专栏而出名（1896-1949年）〔quality〕"The spring of water . . . entirely lost the deliciousness of its pristine quality" (Nathaniel Hawthorne). “春天的水…完全失去了它纯洁本性的甘甜” （纳撒尼尔·霍桑）。 〔aphonia〕Loss of the voice resulting from disease, injury to the vocal cords, or various psychological causes, such as hysteria.失音症：由于疾病、声带损伤或各种心理诱因，如歇斯底里症，而失去声音〔orphanage〕A public institution for the care and protection of children without parents.孤儿院：一个为失去父母的孩子们提供关心和保护的公共机构〔yearn〕 Yearn andlong both stress earnest, heartfelt, often melancholy desire, as for the return of something lost or the attainment of something unfulfilled or beyond reach: Yearn 和long 都强调真诚的、衷心的、常为感伤的愿望， 如希望回复失去的事物或得到无法实现的、超出能力所及的事物： 〔hamartia〕from hamartanein [to miss the mark, err] 源自 hamartanein [失去了目标，犯错] 〔despair〕despaired of reaching shore safely.失去安全到达岸边的希望〔desperate〕Having lost all hope; despairing.绝望的：失去全部希望的；绝望的〔fall〕To lose an upright or erect position suddenly.突然倒下：突然失去垂直的或笔直的位置〔dissipated〕Irreversibly lost. Used of energy.散逸的，被消耗的：不可逆转地失去的。指能量〔akinesia〕Loss of normal motor function, resulting in impaired muscle movement.运动不能，失运动能：失去正常的运动能力，导致肌肉活动受到损害〔dry〕Not sweet as a result of the decomposition of sugar during fermentation. Used of wines.无甜味的：由于发酵期间糖的分解而失去甜味的。用于酒〔shed〕To lose by natural process:脱落：通过自然演化过程失去：〔privation〕An act, condition, or result of deprivation or loss.丧失：失去或剥夺的动作、状况或结果〔undertrick〕A trick in card games, especially bridge, the loss of which prevents a declarer from making a contract.宕墩：牌戏中一圈牌，尤指桥牌，失去它就阻止叫王牌者无法叫牌〔mixture〕Creative genius is a compound made up of exceptional intellect and superior imagination. Acomposite usually lacks the unity of a compound since the components may not wholly lose their identities: 创造性的天才是超常的智力和出众想象力的结合。 Composite 通常缺乏一个合成物的整体， 因为其成分可能不会全部失去他们的性质： 〔degenerate〕old water pipes that are degenerating with age; a dispute that degenerated into a brawl.年久失修而逐渐失去功用的水管；发展成为争吵的辩论〔hopefully〕And though this use ofhopefully may have been a vogue word when it first gained currency 30 years ago, it has long since lost any taint of jargon or pretentiousness for the general reader.The well-attested acceptance of the usage reflects an implicit popular recognition of its usefulness;there is no precise substitute.Someone who saysHopefully, the treaty will be ratified makes a hopeful prediction about the fate of the treaty,whereas someone who saysI hope (or We hope or It is hoped ) the treaty will be ratified expresses a bald statement about what is desired. Only the latter could be continued with a clause such asbut it isn't likely. · It might have been expected, then, that the initial flurry of objections tohopefully would have subsided once the usage became well established. Instead, increased currency of the usage appears only to have made the critics more adamant.In the 1969 Usage Panel survey the usage was acceptable to 44 percent of the Panel;in the most recent survey it was acceptable to only 27 percent.(By contrast, 60 percent accepted the analogous use ofmercifully in the sentence Mercifully, the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score. ) Yet the Panel has not shown any signs of becoming generally more conservative:in the very same survey panelists were disposed to accept once-vilified usagessuch as the employment ofcontact and host as verbs. · It seems that this use ofhopefully has been made a litmus test, which distinguishes writers who take an active interest in questions of grammar or usage from the great mass of people who keep their own linguistic counsel.No one can be blamed who useshopefully in blithe ignorance of the critics' disdain for it, since the rule could not be derived from any general concern for clarity or precision.But writers who are aware of the critical controversy face a more delicate decision.Some will simply flout the rule,seeing no reason that they should be deprived of a useful construction.Others may choose to avoid the usage,whether they are motivated by discretion or civility. ·Like other sentence adverbs such asbluntly and happily, hopefully may occasionally be ambiguous. In the sentenceHopefully, the company has launched a new venture, the word hopefully might be construed as describing the point of view of either the speaker or the subject. Such ambiguities can be resolved either by repositioning the adverb (as inThe company has launched the new venture hopefully ) or by choosing a paraphrase ( One may hope that the company has launched the new venture ). 尽管hopefully 的这一用法在30年前首次通用的时候曾是个时兴词， 但对于广大读者来说它早已失去了俚语或矫饰的色彩。屡经证实的对这一用法的接受反映了对其实用性的普遍默认；而且并不存在其他精确的代用词。有人如果说但愿条约能被批准 ， 便是对条约的命运作了充满希望的预测，反之如果有人说我希望 （或 我们希望 或 希望 ) 条约将会被批准 则表达了对其期望之物的大胆声明。 只有后者可以接从句象但这不大可能 。 也许我们本可以期待当这一用法已变得根深蒂固之后， 对hopefully 的一片反对声可稍事平息。 然而，这一用法的流行似乎反而使批评家们更为坚定。在1969年用法调查使用小组的调查中44%的成员接受这一用法；在最近一次的调查中却只有27%的成员接受。（相比之下，60%的人接受mercifully 在句子 幸好，在对手能够给这一边倒的比分再加上一分之前，比赛就结束了 中的类似用法） 但是并没有任何迹象表明调查小组成员正在普遍变得更保守：在同一次调查中小组成员们倾向于接受被一度废除的某些用法，如把contact 和 host 用作动词看来。 似乎hopefully 的用法已经成了一块试金石， 它把对语法和用法怀有浓厚兴趣的作家和保留着他们自己的语言学顾问的广大民众区分开来。那些全然忽视批评家们的蔑视使用hopefully 的人不该受到指责， 因为规则并不来源于任何对清晰和精确的关注。但是意识到了批评界争议的作者们面对着一个更为微妙的决定。有些人干脆违反规则，他们认为没有理由要失去这么一个实用的结构。另外一些人则选择避免这一用法，无论其动机是出于谨慎还是出于礼貌。象许多其它句中副词如bluntly 和 happily一样，hopefully 经常出现歧义。 在下句 Hopefully, the company has launched a new venture 中， hopefully 一词可以解释为记述说话者的观点或者句中主语的观点。 这种歧义可以通过调换副词位置（如公司已经满怀希望地到办了一个新企业 )或选择另一种说法( 有人希望这个公司已经创办了一个新企业 )来消除 〔fun〕The day may come when this usage is entirely unremarkable,just as the wordtalkative has lost all taint of its originally jocular formation from the attachment of a Latinate suffix to a native Anglo-Saxon root. At present, however, the attributive use offun may still raise eyebrows, and writers who want to stay on the safe side are advised to avoid it in contexts in which a light tone would not be appropriate.也许总有一天，这一用法会变得完全不引人注意了，正如单词talkative 在其拉丁语后缀与盎格鲁-撒克逊语词根组成词时该词有打趣的意味，但现在已失去其所具有的本义了。 然而，现在使用fun 做定语仍有可能导致误解， 而为保险起见的作家也都会避免在与轻松的语调显得不太协调的行文中使用该词〔lose〕Failure to reply to the advertisement lost her the job.未能对广告作出答复使她失去了工作〔disequilibrium〕Loss or lack of stability or equilibrium.不平衡，失调：失去或缺少稳定或平衡〔cost〕To cause to lose, suffer, or sacrifice:导致失去、受苦或牺牲：〔hot〕hot on the trail.即将找到失去的线索〔go〕To lose one's self-control.崩溃：失去自我控制能力〔loss〕The harm or suffering caused by losing or being lost.（失去的）痛苦：由于丧失或被丧失而造成的伤害或痛苦〔blow〕To lose one's temper.发脾气，失去耐性〔depressed〕depressed by the loss of his job;由于失去了工作而情绪低落；〔recruit〕To obtain replacements for or new supplies of something lost, wasted, or needed.得到补充，得到补偿：获得已失去的东西、已浪费掉的东西或需要的东西的替代品或新的供应〔per〕(seeghend- ) Germanic compound *fer-getan , "to lose one's hold,” forget. （ 参见ghend-) 日耳曼语 复合词 *fer-getan , “失去某人的支持,” 忘记. 〔beauty〕The beauty of the venture is that we stand to lose nothing.此次冒险的美妙之处在于我们不会失去任何东西〔relinquish〕Abandon andsurrender agree in implying no expectation of returning to or recovering what is given up, but the terms differ in thatsurrender implies the operation of compulsion, demand, or force: Abandon 和surrender 在意味不存在已失去的东西的回归或恢复的希望时是一致的， 但是这两个词的区别是surrender 意味着强迫、命令或力量之下的行动： 〔intoxicate〕"The notion of Holy War is showing that it has not yet lost all its power to intoxicate and to inflame"(Conor Cruise O'Brien)“圣战的观念显示出它尚未失去所有它引人陶醉以及使人激起狂热的力量”(康纳·克鲁斯·奥布赖恩)〔mixture〕 Blend denotes an intimate, harmonious mixturein which the original components lose their distinctness: Blend 表示一种亲密、和谐的混合，原始的构成成分失去其特性： 〔bid〕They lost the contract because their bid was too high.他们因索价太高而失去了那张合同〔distort〕Deform refers to change that disfigures and often implies the loss of desirable qualities such as beauty: Deform 指使变形，常含有失去优秀品质（如美丽）之意： 〔oxidation〕A reaction in which the atoms in an element lose electrons and the valence of the element is correspondingly increased.氧化：一种某个元素的原子失去电子后它的原子价相应增加的反应〔Hudson〕British naturalist and writer whose works includeThe Purple Land that England Lost (1885) and Green Mansions (1904). 哈得孙，威廉·亨利：(1841-1922) 英国自然学家和作家，其作品包括《英国失去的那片紫土地》 （1885年）和 《绿厦》 （1904年） 〔cool〕problems that soon cooled my enthusiasm for the project.这些问题使我对这个计划失去了热情〔prisoner〕One deprived of freedom of expression or action:失去言论或行动自由的人： |
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