| 单词 | 头痛 |
| 释义 | 〔pleurodynia〕An epidemic disease caused by a coxsackievirus, characterized by paroxysmal pain in the lower chest and accompanied by fever, headache, and malaise.流行性胸膜痛：由柯萨奇病毒引起的一种流行病，症状为胸下部的爆发性疼痛，并伴随有发热、头痛和不适〔or〕The usual first sign may be either cold symptoms or a headache. See Usage Note at and/or ,either ,neither ,nor 1通常第一信号不是感冒症状便是发烧头痛 参见 and/or,either,neither,nor1〔terrific〕a terrific headache.非常厉害的头痛〔psittacosis〕An infectious disease of parrots and related birds caused by the bacteriumChlamydia psittaci, that is communicable to human beings, in whom it produces high fever, severe headache, and symptoms similar to pneumonia. Also called parrot fever 鹦鹉热：一种由立克次氏体 病毒引起的鹦鹉和其它有关鸟类所患的一种传染病，可传染给人类，引发高烧，严重的头痛和与肺炎相近的一些症状 也作 parrot fever〔migraine〕A severe, recurring headache, usually affecting only one side of the head, characterized by sharp pain and often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances. Also called megrim 偏头痛：一种严重的，经常发作的头痛，通常只发作于头的一侧，表现为剧烈的疼痛，常伴随有恶心，呕吐及视觉混乱等症状 也作 megrim〔redout〕A sudden reddening of the visual field accompanied by severe headache and caused by engorgement of the blood vessels of the head when a person is subjected to a negative force of gravity, as in stunt flying.红视：发生于人受到与地球重力相反的力的作用时，伴有强烈的头痛和由头部血管扩大引起的视觉突然变红，如在特技飞行中〔pass〕My anger suddenly passed. The headache finally passed.我的怒气突然消失了，头痛最终好了〔crotonism〕Poisoning by croton oil, characterized by burning of the mouth, severe gastrointestinal disturbance, headache, vertigo, and death from respiratory or circulatory failure.巴豆毒：巴豆油所产生的中毒，特色为口腔灼烧、 严重的胃肠混乱、头痛、晕眩及呼吸或循环衰退带来的死亡〔shivaree〕Shivaree is the most common American regional form of charivari, a French word meaning "a noisy mock serenade for newlyweds"and probably deriving in turn from a Late Latin word meaning "headache.”The term, most likely borrowed from French traders and settlers along the Mississippi River,was well established in the United States by 1805;an account dating from that year describes a shivaree in New Orleans: "The house is mobbed by thousands of the people of the town, vociferating and shouting with loud acclaim . . . many[are] in disguises and masks; and all have some kind of discordant and noisy music, such as old kettles, and shovels, and tongs. . . . All civil authority and rule seems laid aside" (John F. Watson).The wordshivaree is especially common along and west of the Mississippi River, giving it an unusual north-south dialect boundary (most dialect boundaries run east-west in the United States).Alva L. Davis and Raven I. McDavid, Jr., callshivaree "one of the most widely distributed folk terms borrowed by American English from any European language.” Some regional equivalents arebelling, used in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio; horning, from upstate New York, Rhode Island, and western New England; andserenade, a term used chiefly in the South Atlantic states. Shivaree 是 charivari 这个词在美国的最普通的地方形式， charivari是个法语词，意思是“一种为新婚夫妇演奏的喧闹的嘲弄式小夜曲”，这个词本身可能是从一个意思为“头痛”的后期拉丁文演变而来。这个词极有可能是从密西西比河沿岸的法国商人和拓居者那儿借用而来，到了1805年这个词已经在美国深深地扎根了；一份可以追溯到这一年的记录描写了新奥良的演奏这种小夜曲的情况： “房子里挤满了成千从镇上来的人，喧嚷着，叫喊着，大声欢呼…许多人 化了装，带了面具，所有的人都搞出某种不和协、喧闹的音响，比如用旧水壶，铲子，钳子…一切世俗的权威和规则好象已经被放到了一边” （约翰F·华生） 。shivaree 这个词在密西西比河沿岸和该河以西尤为常见， 这样密西西比河就成了一个不寻常的方言区的南北分界线（而在美国大多数方言区的分界线都是东西向的）。阿尔瓦·L·戴维斯和小拉文·I·麦克戴维把shivaree 这个词称为“美国英语从欧洲语言中借来的民间用语中流传最广的一个”。 其它地方方言中相当于这个词的词有belling 在宾夕法尼亚州、弗吉尼亚西部和俄亥俄州流传； 纽约州上半部份，罗德岛州，新英格兰西部的horning ， 而大西洋沿岸南部各州主要用serenade 这个词 〔or〕Cold symptoms or headache is the usual first sign. 感冒症状或发烧头痛通常是第一信号。 〔cephalalgia〕Pain in the head; a headache.头部疼痛；头痛〔obstinate〕an obstinate headache.难以治愈的头痛〔asthenopia〕Weakness or fatigue of the eyes, usually accompanied by headache and dimming of vision.视力衰弱：视力衰弱或眼睛疲劳，通常伴有头痛和视野模糊〔eyestrain〕Pain and fatigue of the eyes, often accompanied by headache, resulting from prolonged use of the eyes, uncorrected defects of vision, or an imbalance of the eye muscles.眼下疲劳：眼睛的疼痛和疲乏，常伴有头痛，长久使用眼睛所致，或因未矫正的视力缺陷或眼肌的不平衡〔caffeine〕A bitter white alkaloid, C8H 10N 4O 2, often derived from tea or coffee and used in medicine chiefly as a mild stimulant and to treat certain kinds of headache. 咖啡因：一种苦味的白色生物碱， C8H 10N 4O 2，通常得自咖啡或茶，在药品中主要作为温和兴奋剂及治疗特定的头痛病 〔heady〕a heady, throbbing feeling.头痛、悸跳的感觉〔charivari〕perhaps from Late Latin carībaria [headache] 可能源自 后期拉丁语 carībaria [头痛] 〔cinchonism〕A pathological condition resulting from an overdose of cinchona bark or its alkaloid derivatives and marked by headache, dizziness, hearing loss, and ringing in the ears.金鸡纳中毒：由于过量服用金鸡纳或其生物碱衍生物所产生的病症，症状是头痛、眩晕、耳聋和暂时性耳鸣〔kind〕The use of the plural demonstrativesthese and those with kind and sort, as inthese kind (or sort ) of films, has been a traditional bugbear of American grammarians. By and large,British grammarians have been more tolerant,and the construction can be found in the works of British writers from Pope to Dickens to Churchill.Grammatically, the question boils down towhetherkind and sort should be treated as head nouns (analogous to species or variety, for example) or whether they have become semantically weakened to the status of a sort of phrasal quantifierthat functions like an adjective,analogous in some ways tobunch and number in expressions such asa bunch of friends, a number of reasons. Ifkind and sort are unambiguously nouns, one would expect to see only singular demonstratives and singular verbs accompanying them: 复数形式的指示代词these 和 those 与 kind 和 sort 的用法， 如these kind （或 sort ） of films， 成为美国语法专家长期感到头痛的问题。 总的说来，英国语法专家对此更能容忍，这一句法结构可以在从蒲柏到狄更斯以至丘吉尔这些英国作家的著作中找到。在语法上，问题归结起来是，是否kind 和 sort 应当作中心词名词（例如，与 species 或 variety 类似）， 或者是否他们语义上减弱到一种数量词短语的地位，其功能像一个形容词，某些方面类似于bunch 和 number ， 其表述例如一群朋友，一大堆理由。 如果kind 和 sort 是明确的名词， 人们应该希望只看到单数指示代词和与之相伴的单数动词： |
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