| 单词 | 夸脱 |
| 释义 | 〔gallon〕A unit of volume in the British Imperial System, used in liquid and dry measure, equal to 4 quarts (4.546 liters). See table at measurement 英制加仑：英国度量衡系统用于液体和干容量单位，等于4夸脱(4.546开） 参见 measurement〔peck〕A unit of dry volume or capacity in the U.S. Customary System equal to 8 quarts or approximately 537.6 cubic inches.配克：美国海关系统的一干燥容积或容量单位，相当于8夸脱或大约537.6立方英寸〔pottle〕A pot or drinking vessel with a capacity of 2.0 quarts (1.9 liters).能盛波特尔的容器：能装二夸脱(1.9升）的壶或饮用容器〔quark〕"Three quarks for Muster Mark! / Sure he hasn't got much of a bark / And sure any he has it's all beside the mark.” This passage of James Joyce'sFinnegans Wake is part of a scurrilous 13-line poem directed against King Mark,the cuckolded husband in the Tristan legend.The poem and the accompanying prose are packed with names of birds and words suggestive of birds,and the poem is a squawk,like the cawing of a crow, against King Mark.Thus, Joyce uses the wordquark, which comes from the standard English verbquark, meaning "to caw, croak,” and also from the dialectal verb quawk, meaning"to caw, screech like a bird.” But Joyce'squark was not what it has become: "any of a group of hypothetical subatomic particles proposed as the fundamental units of matter.”Murray Gell-Mann, the physicist who proposed these particles, in a private letter of June 27, 1978, to the editor of theOxford English Dictionary, said that he had actually been influenced by Joyce's word in naming the particle,although the influence was subconscious at first.Gell-Mann was thinking of using the pronunciation (kwôrk) for the particle,possibly something he had picked up fromFinnegans Wake, which he "had perused from time to time since it appeared in 1939. . . . The allusion to three quarks seemed perfect" (originally there were only three subatomic quarks).Gell-Mann, however, wanted to pronounce the word with (ô) not (ä), as Joyce seemed to indicate by rhyming words in the vicinity such asMark. Gell-Mann got around that "by supposing that one ingredient of the line ‘Three quarks for Muster Mark’was a cry of ‘Three quarts for Mister . . . ’ heard in H.C. Earwicker's pub.”冲马克王呱叫三声! / 很显然一声狗吠对他还不够 / 很显然他所有的一切都和盛名无关。 这一段出自詹姆斯·乔伊斯的为芬尼根守灵 ， 是对马克王进行侮辱谩骂的一首十三行诗中的一部分。马克王是特里斯特拉姆传奇故事中被戴了绿帽子的丈夫。这首诗和随同的叙述中充斥着鸟类的名字和暗示鸟类的词。这首诗是对马克王的粗声抗诉，就象乌鸦的啼叫。所以乔伊斯用了quark 一词， 它来源于标准英语动词quark （意思为“呱呱地叫，乌鸦叫”）和方言中的动词 quawk （意思为“象鸟一样呱呱地叫、尖叫”）。 乔伊斯笔下的quark 一词并不是现在形成的意思： “任何一组假想的亚原子粒子，被认为是物质的基本单位”。这些粒子的提出者——物理学家默里·基尔曼在1978年6月27日写给牛津英语词典 编者的一封私人信件中说, 他给这种粒子命名时确实受到了乔伊斯这个词的影响，虽然这种影响起初只是潜意识的。基尔曼本想用(kwôrk)这个发音来代表这种粒子，可能也是从为芬尼根守灵 一书中汲取出来的。 自从1939年这书出版以来，他曾时常精读…关于三声呱叫的暗示看上去很完满（最初只有三种亚原子夸克）。但是基尔曼想让这个词发音为(o)而不是(a)——乔伊斯将韵押为与Mark 相近的音好象表明该发这个音。 基尔曼认为这行诗中的一部分“对马克王呱叫三声”，实际上是在酒店中听到的“给这位先生来三夸脱酒”叫喊声〔jump〕Unexpected shortages jumped milk prices by several cents a quart.意想不到的短缺使牛奶价格一夸脱猛地上涨了好几美分〔quart〕A container having a capacity of one quart.装一夸脱的容器〔quart〕A unit of volume or capacity in the British Imperial System, used in liquid and dry measure, equal to 1.201 U.S. liquid quarts or 1.032 U.S. dry quarts (1.136 liters). See table at measurement 夸脱：英国度量体系中的一体积或容量单位，用于测量液体和固体，相当于美制液量中的1.201夸脱或美制干量中的1.032夸脱(1.136升） 参见 measurement〔peck〕A unit of dry volume or capacity in the British Imperial System equal to 8 quarts or approximately 554.8 cubic inches. See table at measurement 配克：英国帝制度量衡系统的一种干燥容积或容量单位，相当于8夸脱或大约554.8立方英寸 参见 measurement〔liter〕A metric unit of volume equal to approximately 1.056 liquid quarts, 0.908 dry quart, or 0.264 gallon. See table at measurement 公升：体积测量单位，约等于液量1．050夸脱；干量0．908夸脱或0．264加仑 参见 measurement〔fifth〕One fifth of a gallon or four fifths of a quart of liquor.五分之一加仑或一夸脱酒的五分之四〔gallon〕A unit of volume in the U.S. Customary System, used in liquid measure, equal to 4 quarts (3.785 liters).加仑：美国使用的液体容量单位，等于4夸脱(3.785开）〔pottle〕An old English liquid measure equal to 2.0 quarts (1.9 liters).波特尔：英国旧时的液量单位，相当于2.0夸脱（即1.9升）〔magnum〕The amount of liquid that this bottle can hold.夸脱：这种瓶子的容量〔quart〕A unit of volume or capacity in the U.S. Customary System, used in liquid measure, equal to ¼ gallon or 32 ounces (0.946 liter).夸脱：美国度量体系中的一体积或容量单位，用于测量液体，相当于¼加仑或32盎司(0.946升）〔cab〕An ancient Hebrew unit of measure equal to about 2 liters (2.1 quarts).凯伯：古希伯来的一种度量单位。约等于二升（2.1夸脱）〔chaldron〕A unit of dry measure formerly used in England, equal to 4 quarters or about 32 bushels for grain and 36 bushels for coal.查尔特隆：旧时用于英格兰的一干量单位，等于四夸脱，称量谷物时等于32蒲氏耳，在称量煤时等于36蒲氏耳〔arroba〕A liquid measure formerly used in Spanish-speaking countries, having varying value but equal to about 16.2 liters (17 quarts) when used to measure wine.厄罗伯：曾用于西班牙语国家的测量液体的单位，容量不一，但量酒类时约等于16.2公升（17夸脱） |
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