| 单词 | 奈特 |
| 释义 | 〔fair〕The history of the wordfair illustrates how words can weaken in meaning over time. In Old English the ancestor offair, fæger, had senses such as "lovely, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable,” a far cry from our modern sense "mildly good or satisfying.”The Old English senses passed into Middle English,where the wordfair started to take a slight turn in the direction already alluded to. Fair could mean "highly to be approved of, splendid, good,”but it could also be used ironically,as in Chaucer's observation after a horse threw the Cook on the pilgrimage to Canterbury:"that was a fair feat of horsemanship by the Cook.”This ironic use was probably not responsible for the semantic weakening offair, but it shows how a positive word can have its meaning reversed.The weakening offair was most likely caused by "the determined optimism which led to the use of fair . . . rather than direct expression of discontent,”in the words of George H. McKnight.One might add as another cause the desire to avoid hurting other people's feelings.单词fair 的历史表明随岁月的流逝单词的语意变弱。 在古英语中fair，f?ger 本意是“可爱的，漂亮的，愉快的”， 与我们现在的“比较好或满意的”大相径庭。古英语传到中世纪英语时，fair 已开始在引申的方向上有微小的转变。 Fair 可以表达“被高度赞许的，辉煌的，好的，”但也可用作反语，如在往坎特伯雷朝圣的途中马将科克摔下时后，乔尔斯评论道：“那是科克精湛骑术的体现”。这种反语用法也许对fair 语义学上的弱化没有联系， 但它表明了一个褒义的单词可以变得意思完全相反。fair 的弱化很大程度上缘于“坚决的乐观主义导致 fair 的用法改变， 而不是直接表达不满意的意思，”乔治赫·马克奈特如此评论。人们可以再添上其它原因以免伤害别人的感情〔single〕"The sole wall decoration of his studio was a Japanese print" (Arnold Bennett).“他画室中唯一的一面墙饰是一幅日本画的复制品” （阿诺德·贝奈特）。〔Styron〕American writer primarily known for his novels, includingLie Down in Darkness (1951) and The Confessions of Nat Turner (1967). 斯蒂伦，威廉：(生于 1925) 美国作家，主要以其长篇小说著名，包括《在黑暗中躺下》 （写于1951年）以及 《奈特·特纳的忏悔录》 （写于1967年） 〔Masonite〕"Portions of the archways were reconstructed in masonite"(Chicago Tribune)"Four pieces of masonite . . . lace together like shoelaces"(New York Times)“拱廊局部用梅森奈特纤维柏重建。”(芝加哥论坛报)“四片梅森奈特纤维板象系鞋带一样绑在一起”(纽约时报)〔Phiz〕See Hablot Knight Browne 参见 哈布洛特·奈特 Browne〔aggro〕"Nat was aggro . . . Not content to ride in a straight line across the wave's face, Nat was a pioneer of the vertical move"(Kem Nunn)“奈特真是新潮…不满足于在波浪上滑直线，他是直立移动动作的先锋”(凯姆·纳恩)〔pivot〕"The plot . . . lacks direction, pivoting on Hamlet's incertitude"(G. Wilson Knight)“计谋…缺乏方向，随着哈姆莱特的不确定性摆动”(G.威尔逊·奈特)〔ruin〕"The Boers had just wrecked a British military train" (Arnold Bennett).Whenwreck is used in its extended sense, as in referring to the ruination of a person or his or her hopes or reputation, it implies irreparable shattering: “布尔人刚刚毁了一辆英国军用火车” （阿诺德·贝奈特）。Wreck 用于其延伸意义时（如指毁坏一个人或他或她的希望或名声）， 暗指无可挽回的毁灭： 〔Masonite〕A trademark used for a type of fiberboard employed for insulation, paneling, or partitions. This trademark sometimes occurs in print in lowercase:梅森奈特纤维板：一种用于绝缘、镶嵌或隔离的纤维板的商标名。这种商标有时以小写字母印刷形式出现：〔Browne〕British illustrator chosen by Charles Dickens to supply decorations for hisPickwick Papers (1836) and other serialized tales. 布朗，哈布洛特·奈特：(1815-1882) 英国插图画家，查尔斯·狄更斯选中他为《皮克威克外传》 （1836年）和其它连载故事作插图 |
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