| 单词 | 奠基人 |
| 释义 | 〔Bright〕British politician and noted orator who was a founder of the Anti-Corn Law League (1839).布赖特，约翰：(1811-1889) 英国政治家和著名演说家，是反谷物法联盟的一个奠基人（1839年）〔Nightingale〕British nurse who organized (1854) and directed a unit of field nurses during the Crimean War and is considered the founder of modern nursing.南丁格尔，弗洛伦斯：(1820-1910) 英国护士，在克里米亚战争中组织领导野战医院(1854年）并被视为现代护理的奠基人〔Balzac〕French writer and a founder of the realist school of fiction who portrayed the panorama of French society in a body of works known collectively asLa Comédie Humaine. 巴尔扎克，奥诺德：(1799-1850) 法国作家和现实主义小说奠基人，他在作品集《人间喜剧》 中描述了法国社会生活的全景 〔Glinka〕Russian composer considered the founder of Russian nationalistic music. His best-known works are the operasA Life for the Czar (1836) and Russlan and Ludmilla (1842). 格林卡，米克海尔·伊凡诺维奇：(1804-1857) 俄国作曲家，被认为是俄罗斯民族音乐的奠基人。他最著名的作品是歌剧《沙皇一生》 （1836年）和 《雷斯兰和卢德米拉》 （1842年） 〔founder〕the founder of a university; the founders of a new nation.一所大学的创办人；一个新民族的奠基人〔Boltzmann〕Austrian physicist. Considered a founder of modern physics, he developed the kinetic theory of gases.玻尔兹曼，路德维希：(1844-1906) 奥地利物理学家。被认为是现代物理学的奠基人，他发展了气体力学理论〔Hyde〕Irish nationalist and writer who founded the Gaelic League (1893) and was president of Ireland (1938-1945).海德，道格拉斯：(1860-1949) 爱尔兰民族主义者，作家，盖尔联合会的奠基人(1893年），爱尔兰总统(1938-1945年）〔Vesalius〕Flemish anatomist and surgeon who is considered the founder of modern anatomy. His major work,On the Structure of the Human Body (1543), was based on meticulous dissection of cadavers. 维塞利亚斯，安德烈亚斯：(1514-1564) 佛兰德斯解剖学家和外科大夫，是现代解剖学的奠基人，他的主要作品《人体结构》 （1543年）建立在对尸体进行细致的解剖基础上 〔Lavoisier〕French chemist who is regarded as the founder of modern chemistry. He isolated the major components of air, disproved the phlogiston theory by determining the role of oxygen in combustion, and organized the classification of compounds. Lavoisier was executed during the Reign of Terror.拉瓦锡，安托万·洛朗：(1743-1794) 法国化学家，被认为是现代化学的奠基人。他分离出空气中的主要成分，证明了氧气在燃烧中所起的作用从而否定了燃素理论，并把化合物进行了分类。拉瓦锡在恐怖统治时期被处死〔Thales〕Greek philosopher who is traditionally considered the first Western philosopher and a founder of geometry and abstract astronomy. He maintained that matter is composed of water.赛勒斯：希腊哲学家，被认为是第一个西方哲学家以及几何学和抽象天文学的奠基人，他认为物质由水组成〔Debussy〕French composer who is considered the first exponent of musical impressionism. His works include the tone poemL'Après-midi d'un Faune (1894). 德布西，克劳德·阿希礼：(1862-1918) 法国作曲家，被看作是印象派音乐的奠基人，其作品包括管弦乐曲《午后牧神前奏曲》 （1894年） 〔Tyler〕American jurist and writer considered the founder of American drama. His plays includeThe Contrast (first produced 1787). 泰勒，罗亚尔：(1757-1826) 美国法官和作家，被认为是美国戏剧的奠基人。他的戏剧包括《对比》 （最早写于1787年） 〔Maslow〕American psychologist and a founder of humanistic psychology who developed a hierarchical model of human motivation, in which a higher need, ultimately that for self-actualization, is expressed only after lower needs are fulfilled.马斯洛，亚伯拉罕：(1908-1970) 美国心理学家，人文主义心理学的奠基人。他提出人类行为动机的等级模型，根据该模型，只有当基本的低级需求被满足后，高级需求──最终就是对自我实现的需求，才会表现出来〔Hull〕American public official who as secretary of state (1933-1944) laid the groundwork for the founding of the United Nations.赫尔，科德尔：(1871-1955) 美国官员，曾任国务卿(1933-1944年），联合国的奠基人〔Palmer〕Canadian-born American founder of chiropractic. In 1898 he established the Palmer School of Chiropractic in Iowa.帕尔默，丹尼尔·戴维：(1845-1913) 加拿大裔美国人，脊椎指压治疗法的奠基人。1898年他在衣阿华州创建了脊椎指压治疗法的帕尔默学校〔Kepler〕German astronomer and mathematician. Considered the founder of modern astronomy, he formulated three laws to clarify the theory that the planets revolve around the sun.开普勒，约翰尼斯：(1571-1630) 德国天文学家和数学家，被认为是现代天文学的奠基人，他创立了三大定律，说明行星围绕太阳转的理论〔Smith〕Scottish political economist and philosopher. HisWealth of Nations (1776) laid the foundations of classical free-market economic theory. 史密斯，亚当：(1723-1790) 苏格兰政治经济学家和哲学家。他的著作《国富论》 （1776年）成为古典自由市场经济理论的奠基人 〔Verne〕French writer who is considered the founder of modern science fiction. His novels includeJourney to the Center of the Earth (1864) and Around the World in Eighty Days (1873). 凡尔纳，朱尔斯：(1828-1905) 法国作家，被认为是现代科幻小说的奠基人。他的小说包括有《到地球中心的旅行》 （1864年）和 《八十天环游地球》 （1873年） 〔Guarneri〕Family of Italian violin makers, includingAndrea (1626?-1698), who founded the family business, and his grandson Guiseppe (1687?-1745). They are considered second only to the Stradivari family for the quality of their instruments. 瓜尔内利家族：意大利制造小提琴的家族，包括家族事业的奠基人安德烈 （1626?-1698年）及其孙 吉塞皮 （1687?-1745年）。他们所制造的小提琴的质量被认为仅次于斯特提底发利家族 〔Heisenberg〕German physicist and a founder of quantum mechanics. He won a 1932 Nobel Prize for his uncertainty principle.海森堡，维尔纳·卡尔：(1901-1976) 德国物理学家，量子力学的奠基人。因其测不准原理而荣获1932年诺贝尔物理学奖〔Gogol〕Russian writer considered the founder of realism in Russian literature. His works include the short stories "Diary of a Madman" (1835) and "The Overcoat" (1842) and the novelDead Souls (1842). 果戈理，尼科莱·瓦斯列维奇：(1809-1852) 俄国作家，被认为是俄国现实主义文学的奠基人。他的作品包括短篇小说《狂人日记》（1835年）和《外套》（1842年）及小说《死魂灵》 （1842年） 〔Wundt〕German physiologist and founder of experimental psychology. HisPrinciples of Physiological Psychology (1873-1874) is considered a classic text. 冯特，威廉：(1832-1920) 德国生理学家和实验心理学的奠基人。他所著的《生理心理原理》 （1873-1874年）被认为是经典之作 〔Diogenes〕Greek philosopher who founded the Cynic school of philosophy, stressing self-control and the pursuit of virtue. He is said to have once wandered through the streets of Athens with a lantern, searching for an honest man.第欧根尼：希腊哲学家，哲学犬儒学派奠基人，强调自我控制和推崇善行。说他曾提着灯在雅典大街漫步寻找诚实的人〔Hunter〕British surgeon who founded pathological anatomy in England.亨特，约翰：(1728-1793) 英国外科医生，英国病理解剖学的奠基人〔Berthelot〕French chemist and public official who was a founder of thermochemistry, studied explosives, and was the first to synthesize organic compounds.贝特洛，皮尔·尤金·马瑟林：(1827-1907) 法国化学家和政府官员，热化学的奠基人，研究爆炸物且第一个合成有机化合物〔Cohn〕German botanist who is considered the founder of bacteriology. He was the first to recognize bacteria as plants.可因，费迪南德·尤利乌斯：(1828-1898) 德国植物学家，是细菌学的奠基人。首次认定细菌为植物 |
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