| 单词 | 奥斯丁 |
| 释义 | 〔Dobson〕British writer known for his light verse in traditionally French forms such as the triolet and rondeau.都布森，（亨利）奥斯丁：(1840-1921) 以轻松诗著名的英国作家。其轻松诗用传统的法国诗体，如八行两韵等回旋体写成〔Austin〕British legal theorist who maintained that law is a form of command determined by power relationships and is therefore distinct from moral principles.奥斯丁，约翰：(1790-1859) 英国法学理论家，他坚持认为法律是由权力关系所决定的法令形式，因此与道德原则相区分〔Burt〕American surveyor and inventor who in 1829 patented his "Typographer,” a forerunner of the typewriter. He also invented (1836) a solar compass to offset magnetic attraction.伯特，威廉·奥斯丁：(1792-1858) 美国勘测员和发明家。他在1829年因“活版印刷机”，即打字机的前身，而获得专利权。他还发明了太阳罗盘来抵消磁力(1836年）〔choice〕"An unhappy alternative is before you, Elizabeth. . . . Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr. Collins, and I will never see you again if you do ” (Jane Austen). “伊丽莎白，你面前摆着只有两种令人不快的选择。…如果你不 嫁给柯林斯先生，你母亲会再也不愿见到你，而如果你 要 嫁给他，我会再也不愿见到你” （简·奥斯丁）。〔Austin〕American writer known for her literary interest in the peoples and cultures of the Mojave Desert and for her ardent support of women's rights.奥斯丁，玛丽·亨特：(1868-1934) 美国作家，以其对莫哈韦沙漠的人民及其文化的文学兴趣和她对妇女权益的热切支持而闻名〔Beard〕American historian and educator who explored the economic aspects of history in works such asAn Economic Interpretation of the Constitution (1913). His view that the document was based on its formulators' economic self-interests profoundly affected the study of American history. 比尔德，查尔斯·奥斯丁：(1874-1948) 美国历史学家和教育家，其著作从历史的角度研究经济问题，如《美国宪法的经济学注释》 （1913年）。他认为该文件是建立于制宪者们自身的经济利益基础上的观点，深刻影响了美国的历史研究 〔Abbey〕American artist who illustrated editions of Herrick and Shakespeare and painted the muralQuest of the Holy Grail (1890-1902). 艾比，艾德温·奥斯丁：(1852-1911) 美国艺术家，为赫里克和莎士比亚的作品作插图，画了《圣杯的远征》 的壁画（1890-1902年） 〔chaperon〕The chaperon at a high-school dance seems to have little relationship to what was first signified by the English wordchaperon, "a hood for a hawk,” and not even that much to what the word later meant, "a protectress of a young single woman.”The sense "hood for a hawk,” recorded in a Middle English text composed before 1400,reflects the original meaning of the Old French wordchaperon, "hood, headgear.” In order to understand why ourchaperon came to have the sense "protectress,” we need to know that in French the verbchaperonner, meaning "to cover with a hood,” was derived from chaperon and that this verb subsequently developed the figurative sense "to protect.”Under the influence of the verb sensethe French nounchaperon came to mean "escort,” a meaning that was borrowed into English,being found first in a work published in 1720.In its earlier useEnglishchaperon referred to a person, commonly an older woman, who accompanied a young unmarried woman in public to protect her. The English verbchaperon, "to be a chaperon,” is first recorded in Jane Austen'sSense and Sensibility, begun in 1796 as a sketch called "Elinor and Marianne"and published as a novel in 1811.中学舞会上的年长监护者似乎与英语词chaperon 的最初含义关系极微，（当时其意为“鹰的羽冠”）， 与后来该词的意思“年轻单身女子的伴护人”，关系也不甚大。“鹰的羽冠”的意思，最初见于作于1400年以前的一个中古英语文本，反映了这个古法语词chaperon 的最初的“羽冠”的含义。 为了理解为什么我们所用的chaperon 一词具有了“女伴护人”的意思， 我们需要知道法语中表示“覆以羽冠”意思的动词chaperonner 是从 chaperon 派生出来的， 这个词后来逐渐发展具有了“保护”的意思。受动词意义的影响，法语名词chaperon 也有了“伴护”的含义， 英语借用了这个含义，首见于1720年发表的一部作品。在早期用法上，英语词chaperon 是指一个在社交场合陪伴并保护一名未成婚少女的人，尤指年长妇女。 英语动词chaperon “做伴护人”， 最初见于简·奥斯丁的理智与情感 ， 此作品开始是1796年动笔的一部名为“艾利诺和马利恩”的文学速写，1811年作为一部小说出版〔Austin〕British writer who became poet laureate in 1896 and wrote several volumes of poetry, includingThe Season (1861). 奥斯丁，艾尔弗雷德：(1835-1913) 英国作家，于1896年被授予桂冠诗人称号，著有几部诗集，包括《季节》 （1861年） 〔Austin〕American colonizer and political leader who worked to make Texas a state of Mexico but later helped Texas settlers gain their independence (1836).奥斯丁，斯蒂芬·富勒：(1793-1836) 美国殖民主义者及政治领导，曾臻力于使得克萨斯成为墨西哥一州的工作，但随后又帮助得克萨斯居民取得独立（于1836年）〔Flint〕American physician who discovered the irregular heart sound that came to be called the Austin Flint murmur.弗林特，奥斯丁：(1812-1886) 美国医生，发现了后来被称作奥斯汀·弗林特杂音的不规则心律 |
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