| 单词 | 奥斯曼 |
| 释义 | 〔Sivas〕A city of central Turkey east of Ankara. An important city of Asia Minor under the Romans, Byzantines, and Seljuk Turks, it was sacked by Tamerlane in 1400 and fell to the Ottoman Turks in the 15th century. Population, 172,864.西瓦斯：土耳其中部一城市，位于安卡拉东部。在罗马、拜占庭、塞尔柱突厥部落的统治下，该城市都是小亚细亚的重要城市。1400年，该城市被泰摩兰洗劫，并于15世纪落入奥斯曼土耳其统治之下。人口172,864〔Othman〕An Ottoman Turk; a Turk.奥斯曼土耳其人；土耳其人〔Farnese〕Italian general and diplomat in service to Philip II of Spain. He engaged the Turks in the Battle of Lepanto (1571), in which the Ottoman fleet was destroyed.法尔内塞，亚历山德罗：(1545-1592) 为西班牙腓力二世效劳的意大利将军及外交官。他在勒班陀战役(1571)中与土耳其人交战，此次战役中奥斯曼舰队全均覆没〔cafeteria〕from Ottoman Turkish qahveh * see coffee 源自 奥斯曼土耳其语 qahveh * 参见 coffee〔calpac〕Ottoman Turkish qalpāq 奥斯曼土耳其语 qalpāq 〔Bursa〕A city of northwest Turkey west of Ankara. It dates from the third centuryb.c. and was a capital of the Ottoman Turks in the 1300's. Population, 445,113. 布尔萨：土耳其西北部一座城市，位于安卡拉以西，始建于公元前 3世纪，是14世纪奥斯曼土耳其帝国的首都。人口445,113 〔Tripolitania〕A historical region of northern Africa bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. Originally a Phoenician colony, it was later held by Carthage, Numidia, and Rome (after 46b.c. ). Tripolitania fell to the Vandals in a.d. 435, to the Arabs in the seventh century, and finally to the Ottoman Turks in 1553. 的黎波里塔尼亚：非洲北部历史上的一个地区，临地中海。起初，它是腓尼基的一个殖民地，后来分别被迦太基、努米底亚和罗马占领（公元前 46年之后）。的黎波里塔尼亚在 公元 435年落入汪达尔人的统治，7世纪被阿拉伯人占领，最后于1553年被奥斯曼土耳其人占领 〔Canning〕British diplomat to the Ottoman court who strongly influenced Turkish policy in the mid-1800's.坎宁，斯特拉特福：(1786-1880) 英国外交家，曾出使奥斯曼朝廷，对18世纪中叶的土耳其政策产生过重大影响〔Trebizond〕A former Greek empire occupying much of the land bordering the Black Sea. It was founded as an offshoot of the Byzantine Empire by Alexius I Comnenus in 1204 and retained its autonomy until it was conquered by Ottoman Turks in 1461.特拉勃森：古希腊的一个帝国，曾占据了黑海附近的大片土地。1204年作为拜占庭帝国的一个分支，阿列克塞一世康尼努斯建立了该帝国，在1461年被奥斯曼土耳其帝国征服以前一直保持自治〔Othman〕After Othman , variant of Osman (I) 源自 奥斯曼 ,变体 Osman (I) 〔sorbet〕from Ottoman Turkish sherbet [sweet fruit drink] * see sherbet 源自 奥斯曼土耳其语 sherbet [甜果汁饮料] * 参见 sherbet〔martagon〕from Ottoman Turkish mārtağān [a kind of turban] 源自 奥斯曼土耳其语 mārtağān [穆斯林头巾的一种] 〔Turkish〕Ottoman Turkish.奥斯曼土耳其语〔Jaffa〕A former city of west-central Israel on the Mediterranean Sea. An ancient Phoenician city, it was taken by the Israelites in the 6th centurya.d. and later fell to the Arabs (636), Crusaders (12th century), and Ottoman Turks (16th century). Jaffa was inhabited mainly by Arabs until the state of Israel was proclaimed in 1948. Since 1950 the city has been part of Tel Aviv-Jaffa. 雅法：以色列中西部的古城，位于地中海沿岸。是一座腓尼基古城，公元 6世纪被以色列人占领，后来先后受阿拉伯人(636年）、十字军(12世纪）和奥斯曼土耳其人(16世纪）统治中。雅法主要居住的曾是阿拉伯人，直到1948年以色列宣告成立。自从1950年起，该城成为特拉维夫-雅法的一部分 〔Kars〕A city of northeast Turkey near the U.S.S.R. border. Capital of an Armenian principality in the 9th and 10th centuries, it was destroyed by Tamerlane c. 1386, rebuilt by Ottoman Turks in the 16th century, and ceded to Russia in 1878. It was returned to Turkey in 1921. Population, 58,799.卡尔斯：土耳其东北部一城市，与苏联接壤，该市在9世纪和10世纪时为美尼亚公国的首都。元1386年被泰摩兰摧毁，16世纪奥斯曼土耳其人重建此城，1878年割让给俄国。1921年该市归还土耳其。人口58,799〔bulgur〕Ottoman Turkish bulghūr 奥斯曼土耳其语 bulghūr 〔Ottoman〕A Turk, especially a member of the family or tribe of Osman I.土耳其人：土耳其人，尤指奥斯曼一世的家族或部落里的土耳其人〔Thrace〕A region and ancient country of the southeast Balkan Peninsula north of the Aegean Sea. In ancient times it extended as far north as the Danube River. The region was colonized by Greeks in the seventh centuryb.c. and later passed under the control of Rome, Byzantium, and Ottoman Turkey. Northern Thrace was annexed by Bulgaria in 1885, and eastern Thrace passed to Turkey in 1923. 色雷斯：巴尔干半岛东南部一地区和古国，位于爱琴海北部。在古代它一直延伸到多瑙河。这一地区在公元前 7世纪为希腊占有，后为罗马人，拜占庭和奥斯曼土耳其所统治。北色雷斯于1885年并入保加利亚，东色雷斯在1923年并入土耳其 〔contemporary〕"The resistance to the Pope's authority . . . is pretty nearly coincident with the rise of the Ottomans" (John Henry Newman). “对教皇权威的反抗与奥斯曼土耳其人的兴起几乎同时发生” （约翰·亨利·纽曼）。〔Ottoman〕from 'UAman [Osman I] 源自 'UAman [奥斯曼一世] 〔Crimea〕A region and peninsula of southern European U.S.S.R. on the Black Sea and Sea of Azov. In ancient times it was colonized by Greeks and Romans and later overrun by Ostrogoths, Huns, and Mongols. Conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1475, the area was annexed by Russia in 1783. The peninsula was the scene of the Crimean War (1853-1856), in which a coalition of English, French, and Turkish troops defeated the Russians, although Crimea itself did not change hands.克里米亚：前苏联欧洲部分南部的一个行政区和半岛，位于黑海和亚述海沿岸。在古代它曾被希腊人和罗马人统治，后来又被东哥特人、匈奴人和蒙古人侵占。它在1475年被奥斯曼土耳其人所征服，在1783年这一地区被俄国吞并。该半岛是克里米亚战争(1853-1856年）的战场，在这场战争中英国、法国和土耳其的联合军队击败了俄国军队，但克里米亚本身却没有易手〔Urfa〕A city of southeast Turkey near the Syrian border. Founded as Edessa in ancient times, it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1637 and renamed Urfa. Population, 147,488.乌尔法：土耳其东南部城市，临近叙利亚边境。古代初建时名为埃德萨，在1637年并入奥斯曼土耳其帝国并重新命名为乌尔法。人口147,488〔Osmanli〕Ottoman Turkish.奥斯曼土耳其语〔Osmanli〕An Ottoman Turk.奥斯曼土耳其人〔turban〕from Ottoman Turkish tülbend [muslin, gauze] 源自 奥斯曼土耳其语 tülbend [棉布，薄纱织物] 〔Circassia〕A historical region of southeast European U.S.S.R. on the northeast coast of the Black Sea north of the Caucasus Mountains. It was ceded to Russia by the Ottoman Turks in 1829.切尔卡西亚：苏联欧洲部分东南的一个历史悠久的地区，位于黑海东北岸，高加索山脉北部，1829年由奥斯曼土耳其割让给俄国〔Lemnos〕An island of northeast Greece in the Aegean Sea off the coast of Turkey northwest of Lesbos. Occupied in ancient times by Greeks, the island was later held by Persians, Romans, Byzantines, and Ottoman Turks. It became part of modern Greece in 1913.利姆诺斯：希腊东北部一岛屿，位于爱琴海中，远离土耳其海岸，莱斯博斯岛的西北方向。古时曾被希腊人占领，该岛后来相继为波斯人、罗马人、拜占庭人和奥斯曼土耳其人占据。直到1913年才成为现代希腊的一部分〔sherbet〕The wordsherbet has been in the English language for several centuries (first recorded in 1603) but not as a name for what one normally thinks of as sherbet.The word came into English from Ottoman Turkishsherbet or Persian sharbat, both going back to Arabicšarbah, "drink.” The Turkish and Persian words referred to a beverage of sweetened, diluted fruit juicethat was popular in the Middle East and imitated in Europe.Eventually in Europesherbet came to refer to a carbonated drink. Because the original Middle Eastern drink contained fruit and was often cooled with snow,sherbet was applied to the frozen dessert (first recorded in 1891). It is thus distinguished slightly fromsorbet, which can also mean "a fruit-flavored ice served between courses of a meal.”Sorbet (first recorded in English in 1585) goes back through French ( sorbet ) and then Italian ( sorbetto ) to the same Turkish sherbet that gave us sherbet. 单词sherbet 引入英语语言中已经有几个世纪了（首次记录于1603年）， 但它并不是象人们通常认为的果汁牛奶冻名称。这个单词是由奥斯曼土耳其语sherbet 或波斯语 sharbat 形成英语的， 二者都可回溯到阿拉伯语sarbah ，意为“饮料”。 该词土耳其及波斯语指一种加甜的、稀释的水果汁饮料，它流行于中东并在欧洲被仿制。最后，在欧洲，sherbet 指一种碳酸饮料。 因为最初的中东饮品中包含有水果汁并常用雪冷却，所以sherbet 用于指冰冻甜点（首次记录于1891年）。 这样它与Sorbet 稍有区别， 但也可指“在一顿饭的几道菜之间供应的果味冰”。Sorbet （在英语中首次记录于1585年）通过法语（ sorbet ）和意大利语( sorbetto )可以回溯到向我们提供 sherbet 的相同的土耳其词 sherbet 〔Haussmann〕French public official who planned and oversaw numerous municipal improvements to Paris during the tenure of Napoleon III.奥斯曼，乔治斯·尤金：(1809-1891) 法国行政官员，在拿破仑三世在位期间，计划并负责巴黎大规模市政改建工作〔sherif〕The chief magistrate of Mecca in Ottoman times.麦加的行政长官：在奥斯曼土耳其时代麦加的主要地方官吏〔caftan〕from Ottoman Turkish qaftān 源自 奥斯曼土耳其语 qaftān 〔coffee〕Would one be as ready to drinkchaoua, kauhi, or coffa as coffee ? Most of these exotic early forms of our word reflect the factthat coffee, though a normal accompaniment to the life of many English speakers, was originally an exotic substance.Coffee came to Europe from the Middle East, where its name wasqahveh, an Ottoman Turkish pronunciation of Arabicqahwah, the Turks having borrowed the word and the drink from the Arabs.The first three forms cited above show the influence of the Middle Eastern words for coffee.Our formcoffee results from combining caffè, the Italian version of the Middle Eastern word, and the vowel of the Middle Eastern word, represented by o. Coffee is first recorded in English in 1601 with the spelling coffe. 人们愿意喝chaoua, kauhi 或 coffa ，就如 coffee 一样吗？ 我们言语的这些早期外来形式大多反映这一事实：咖啡虽然常伴随着许多说英语的人的生活，但它是来源于国外的东西。咖啡从中东传到欧洲，在中东它的名称是qahveh ， 阿拉伯的奥斯曼土耳其人发音为qahwah 。 土耳其人自阿拉伯借用该单词和饮料。上面引用的前三个形式表明中东话对咖啡这个单词的影响。我们的形式coffee ，得自结合中东单词的意大利的 caffe 和中东单词中用 o字母表示的元音字母。 Coffee在英国于1601年首次被记载，拼作 coffe. 〔Bakhtaran〕A city of western Iran west-southwest of Tehran. Founded in the fourth centurya.d. , it was later a frontier fortress against the Ottoman Turks. Population, 532,000. 巴赫塔兰，克尔曼沙：伊朗西部城市，位于德黑兰西南偏西。建于公元 4世纪，它后来成为一个反对奥斯曼土耳其的边境要塞。人口532,000 〔tamburitza〕from Ottoman Turkish ṭambūra 源自 奥斯曼土耳其语 ṭambūra 〔Ottoman〕Of or relating to the Ottoman Empire or its people, language, or culture.奥斯曼的：奥斯曼帝国、奥斯曼人、奥斯曼语言或奥斯曼文化的，或与之有关的〔Ottoman〕from Arabic 'uAmānī [of Uthman] 源自 阿拉伯语 'uAmānī [奥斯曼的] 〔coffee〕of Ottoman Turkish qahveh 奥斯曼土耳其语 qahveh的变化 〔salep〕both from Ottoman Turkish sālep 都源自 奥斯曼土耳其语 sālep 〔janissary〕from Ottoman Turkish yanī cheri [new army] 源自 奥斯曼土耳其语 yanī cheri [新的军队] 〔sherbet〕Ottoman Turkish [sweet fruit drink] 奥斯曼土耳其语 [甜水果饮品] |
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