| 单词 | 奥杜邦 |
| 释义 | 〔gringo〕The wordgringo is an offensive term in Latin America for a foreigner, particularly an American or English person.But the word existed in Spanish before this particular sense came into being.In fact,gringo may be an alteration of the word griego, the Spanish development of LatinGraecus, "Greek.” Griego first meant "Greek, Grecian,”as an adjective and "Greek, Greek language,” as a noun.The saying "It's Greek to me" exists in Spanish,as it does in English,and helps us understand whygriego came to mean "unintelligible language" and perhaps, by further extension of this idea,"stranger, that is, one who speaks a foreign language.”The altered formgringo lost touch with Greek but has the senses "unintelligible language,” "foreigner, especially an English person,”and in Latin America, "North American or Britisher.”Its first recorded English use (1849) is in John Woodhouse Audubon'sWestern Journal: "We were hooted and shouted at as we passed through, and called ‘Gringoes.’”在拉丁美洲，gringo 一词是对外国人， 尤其是英美人的不尊敬的称呼。但在有这一特定含义之前这个词已存在于西班牙语之中。事实上，gringo 也许是 griego 一词的变体， 而后者则是西班牙语对拉丁语中Graecus “希腊的”一词的发展。 Griego 开始作形容词时意为“希腊的”； 作名词时意为“希腊，希腊语”。在西班牙语中也有“这对我来说象希腊语一样”的说法，这同英语中一样。这就帮我们理解为什么griego 开始有“胡说八道”的意思， 随着这层意思地延伸，就指“陌生人，即一个讲外语的人”。gringo 的变体已与希腊毫无关系而却有了“胡说八道”、 “外国人，尤指讲英语的人”等含义；在拉丁美洲它更指“北美人或英国人”。此词有记载的第一次在英语中的运用（1849年）是在约翰·伍德豪斯·奥杜邦的西部游记 中： “我们走过时四周都是叫喊声、怪叫声和‘外国佬’的叫骂声”〔Henderson〕A city of northwest Kentucky on the Ohio River south of Evansville, Indiana. Settled in the late 1700's, it was the home of John J. Audubon from 1810 to 1819. Population, 25,945.亨德森：美国印第安纳州的埃文斯维尔以南的一城市，位于肯塔基州西北，在俄亥俄河边。十八世末开始有人在此定居，自1810年至1819年为约翰·丁·奥杜邦的家园所在地。人口25,945〔Audubon〕Haitian-born American ornithologist and artist whose extensive observations of eastern North American avifauna led to the publication ofThe Birds of America (1827-1838), a collection of his engravings that is considered a classic work in ornithology and American art. 奥杜邦，约翰·詹姆斯：(1785-1851) 海地裔美国鸟类学家及艺术家，他对北美东部鸟类的广泛观察促成了后来的《美洲鸟类图谱》 （1827-1838年）的出版，这部著作被认为是鸟类学上最优秀的作品及美国艺术 |
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