| 单词 | 奴隶 |
| 释义 | 〔serve〕from servus [slave] 源自 servus [奴隶] 〔Libreville〕The capital and largest city of Gabon, in the northwest part of the country on the Gulf of Guinea. Founded as a French trading post in 1843, it was named Libreville after freed slaves settled here (1848). Population, 235,700.利伯维尔：加蓬的首都和第一大城市，位于该国西北部，几内亚湾沿岸。建于1843年，当时是法国的贸易站，自从获得自由的奴隶在这里定居后，被称作利伯维尔(1848年）。人口235,700〔helotry〕Helots considered as a group.奴隶阶级：作为一个群体的奴隶〔enthrall〕thrall [slave] * see thrall thrall [奴隶] * 参见 thrall〔Franklin〕American historian noted for his studies of Black American history, such asFrom Slavery to Freedom (1947). 富兰克林，约翰·霍普：(生于 1915) 美国历史学家，以其对美国黑人历史的研究而出名，作品如《从奴隶到自由》 （1947年） 〔interfere〕"It was his peculiar doctrine that a man has a perfect right to interfere by force with the slaveholder, in order to rescue the slave" (Henry David Thoreau).Totamper is to interfere by making unsought, unwelcome, often destructive changes or by trying to influence another in an improper way: “他有一个奇特的宗旨，即为了解救奴隶，一个人有绝对权利以武力来干涉奴隶主” （亨利·戴维·梭罗）。tamper 是通过造成未经请求的、不受欢迎、经常为毁坏性的变化或试图通过不恰当的方式影响他人来进行干涉： 〔maroon〕The history of the wordmaroon, which we associate with desert islands, takes us back to the days of slavery, when the nounmaroon was a term in English for a Black person who lived in the mountains and forests of Dutch Guiana (Suriname) and the West Indies, a term that is still used in parts of the Caribbean.These were plantation slaveswho had run away to live free in uncultivated parts.The English word is taken from the French wordmarron, "runaway Black slave,”which in turn was an alteration of American Spanishcimarrón, meaning "runaway slave.”Cimarrón is perhaps from cima, "summit.” Having come into English (first recorded in 1666),maroon took on a life of its own and came to be used as a verbmeaning "to be lost in the wilds,”from which our sense "to put ashore on a deserted island or coast" evolved.单词maroon 与荒岛有关联，其历史可追溯到奴隶制时代， 当时英语中的maroon 这个词指的是生活在荷属圭亚那（苏里南）和西印度群岛的黑人， 在加勒比的某些地区这个词仍在使用。这些人本是种植园里的奴隶，他们逃到未开发的土地上自由自在地生活。英语中的这个词源于法语中的marron ， 意思是“逃亡的黑奴”，它又是美洲西班牙语cimarron 的变形， 其意为“逃亡的奴隶”。Cinmarron 可能源于 cima ，“顶峰”。 进入英语之后（最早的记载在1666年），maroon 具有了自己的内涵， 而且开始被作为动词使用，意思是“在荒野中迷失方向”，我们的“将…置于一个荒凉的岛上或海岸边”这个意思就是从这里发展而来〔helot〕A person in servitude; a serf.农奴，奴隶：处于受奴役状态的人；农奴〔free〕freed the slaves; free the imagination.释放奴隶；自由想象〔Bristol〕A town of eastern Rhode Island on Narragansett Bay southeast of Providence. In the 18th and 19th centuries its port was a base for slave trading, privateering, whaling, and shipbuilding. Population, 21,625.布里斯托尔：美国罗得岛州东部一城镇，位于普罗维登斯东南的纳拉干西特湾。在18和19世纪期间，其港口是奴隶交易、私掠船、捕鲸和造船的基地。人口21,625〔servile〕from servus [slave] 源自 servus [奴隶] 〔Garifuna〕A member of a people of mixed Carib and African ancestry living along the Caribbean coast of Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, and Nicaragua. The Garifuna were deported to the area in the late 18th century after their defeat by the British on the island of St. Vincent, where shipwrecked and escaped African slaves had intermarried with the indigenous Carib population beginning in the early 17th century.卡利福那人：拥有加乐比人与非洲祖先血统的族群，住在加勒比海沿岸的宏都拉斯、危地马拉、贝里斯和尼加拉瓜，危地马拉于十八世纪末叶在圣文生岛被大英帝国击败后，卡利福那人便被逐离该地。早在十七世纪初期，圣文生岛上船难的生还者与逃难的非洲奴隶就与加勒比人联姻〔Washington〕American educator. Born into slavery, he acquired an education after emancipation and became the principal of Tuskegee Institute, which flourished under his tutelage (1881-1915).华盛顿，布克·塔（莱费罗）：(1856-1915) 美国教育学家。出身于奴隶家庭，废奴宣言后受到教育，后来成为塔斯基吉学院院长，在他的管理下(1881-1915年），该校获得蓬勃发展〔service〕from servus [slave] 源自 servus [奴隶] 〔slavery〕A mode of production in which slaves constitute the principal work force.奴隶制度：一种生产方式，其中奴隶构成劳动力的主力〔freeman〕A person not in slavery or serfdom.自由民：没处在奴隶或家奴地位的人〔helot〕Helot One of a class of serfs in ancient Sparta, neither a slave nor a free citizen. Helot 希洛人：古代斯巴达家奴阶级中的一员，既不是奴隶，也不是自由市民〔Stockton〕American naval officer who was active in the return of freed slaves to Africa. He also commanded the forces that conquered California and proclaimed it a territory of the United States (1846).斯托克顿，罗伯特·费尔德：(1795-1866) 美国海军军官，积极参与把解放了的奴隶送回非洲的运动。他统帅部队征服了加利福尼亚，并宣布该土地归美利坚合众国所有(1846年）〔Juneteenth〕June 19, an African-American holiday commemorating the date in 1865 when many slaves in Texas learned they had been freed by the Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863).六月解放日：六月十九日，为非洲裔美国人的假日，为了纪念于1865年时许多德州的奴隶得知他们已经因解放奴隶宣言（1863年1月1日）而自由了〔Haiti〕A country of the West Indies comprising the western part of the island of Hispaniola and two offshore islands. A French colony after 1697, the country became independent in 1804 following a slave revolt led by Toussaint L'Ouverture. In the 20th century the country's history has been marked by the regimes of François ("Papa Doc") Duvalier, who ruled from 1957 to 1971, and his son Jean-Claude ("Baby Doc"), who was ousted in 1986. Port-au-Prince is the capital and largest city. Population, 5,053,791.海地：位于西印度群岛的一个国家，由伊斯帕尼尔奥拉群岛的西部和两个近海岛屿组成。自1697年后为法国殖民地，1804年在由杜桑·卢瓦杜尔领导的奴隶抗争之后独立。20世纪历史中的重要事件是弗朗索瓦·杜瓦里埃（老道克）从1957年到1971年的统治，还有他的儿子让·克劳德（小道克）的独裁统治，于1986年被赶下台。太子港是该国首都和最大城市。人口5,053,791〔concierge〕alteration of Latin cōnservus [fellow slave] 拉丁语 cōnservus的变化 [奴隶] 〔Terence〕Greek-born Roman playwright. Taken to Rome as the young slave of a senator, he was educated and then freed by his master. His comedies, such asPhormio and Adelphi, feature subtle humor and refined dialogue. 泰伦斯：生于希腊的古罗马剧作家。他身为一位元老院议员的奴隶，被带到罗马并在那里接受教育，后被其主人释放。其喜剧如《福尔弥昂》 和 《阿德尔菲》 以其巧妙的幽默和精采的对话为特征 〔voodoo〕A religion practiced chiefly in Caribbean countries, especially Haiti, syncretized from Roman Catholic ritual elements and the animism and magic of Dahomean slaves, in which a supreme God rules a large pantheon of local and tutelary deities, deified ancestors, and saints, who communicate with believers in dreams, trances, and ritual possessions. Also called vodoun 伏都教：一种主要在加勒比海国家尤其是海地流行的宗教，由罗马天主教仪式原理和达荷美奴隶的泛灵论和魔法结合而成，其中一个至高的上帝统治着包括地方神、监护神、神化的祖先及圣者的万神殿，他们与信徒在梦境中、梦幻之境和宗教仪式的领地进行交流 也作 vodoun〔slaveholder〕One who owns or holds slaves.蓄奴者：拥有或控制有奴隶的人〔Taney〕American jurist who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1836-1864). In the Dred Scott decision (1857) he ruled that slaves and their descendants had no rights as citizens.陶尼，罗杰·布鲁克：(1777-1864) 美国法学家，曾担任美国最高法院的首席大法官(1836-1864年）。在对德雷德·斯科特一案(1857年）的判决中他裁定奴隶和他们的后代不得享有公民权〔patron〕A slave owner in ancient Rome who freed a slave without relinquishing all legal claim to him.（古罗马）旧奴隶主：恢复奴隶自由但保留一定法律控制权的古罗马奴隶主〔freedman〕A man who has been freed from slavery.自由民：被解放了的奴隶〔vernacular〕from verna [native slave] 源自 verna [土生土长的奴隶] 〔slavery〕The condition of being subject or addicted to a specified influence.奴隶，沉迷：受到或沉溺于某种特定影响的状况〔servitude〕from Latin servus [slave] 源自 拉丁语 servus [奴隶] 〔Texas〕A state of the south-central United States. It was admitted as the 28th state in 1845. Explored by the Spanish in the 16th and 17th centuries, the region became a province of Mexico in the early 19th century. Texans won their independence in 1836 after a gallant but losing stand at the Alamo in February and a defeat of Santa Ana's forces at the Battle of San Jacinto (April 21). Denied admission as a state by antislavery forces in the U.S. Congress, the leaders of Texas formed an independent republic that lasted until 1845. Austin is the capital and Houston the largest city. Population, 17,059,805.得克萨斯：美国中南部一州，1845年它被接受为第二十八个州。西班牙人于16和17世纪探索此地，该地区于19世纪早期成为墨西哥的一个省，经过二月份在阿拉蒙虽失败但勇敢的奋力抵抗和在圣·杰西托战役(4月21日）中战胜桑塔·阿那军队后，得克萨斯于1836年赢得独立。美国国会反奴隶力量拒绝接受其为一州，得克萨斯的领袖们建立了独立的共和国直到1845年。奥斯汀是其首府，休顿是其最大的城市。人口17,059,805〔nomenclator〕Latin nōmenclātor [a slave who accompanied his master to tell him the names of people he met] 拉丁语 nōmenclātor [陪着其主人并告诉他所遇到的人的名字的奴隶] 〔freeborn〕Born as a free person, not as a slave or serf.生来自由的：天生是自由人，而不是奴隶或家奴的〔etiquette〕"Man is . . . a slave . . . to etiquette" (Frederick W. Robertson). “人是礼节的奴隶” （弗来得雷克·W·罗伯森）。 〔Lincoln〕The 16th President of the United States (1861-1865), who led the Union during the Civil War and emancipated slaves in the South (1863). He was assassinated shortly after the end of the war by John Wilkes Booth.林肯，亚伯拉罕：(1809-1865) 美利坚合众国的第十六任总统（1861-1865年），在美国内战期间领导北部联邦，并在1863年解放南方的奴隶。战争结束后不久他被约翰·威尔克斯·浦斯暗杀〔Caliban〕The grotesque, deformed slave in Shakespeare'sThe Tempest. 卡利班：莎士比亚作品风暴 中古怪、丑陋的奴隶 〔hierodule〕doulos [slave] doulos [奴隶] 〔valet〕from Vulgar Latin *vassellitus [diminutive of] .vassus [vassal] * see vassal 源自 俗拉丁语 *vassellitus ·vassus的小后缀 [奴隶] * 参见 vassal〔slaver〕One, such as a person or ship, that is engaged in the trafficking of slaves.贩奴商，奴隶贩运船：从事奴隶运输的人或船〔sergeant〕from servus [slave] 源自 servus [奴隶] |
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