| 单词 | 如果不是 |
| 释义 | 〔but〕would have resisted but that they lacked courage.如果不是缺乏勇气她们会抵抗的〔stob〕The Southern wordstob means a short, straight stick of wood: "Jim Rozier's skill with a piece of iron and a hardwood stob sets up a vibration in the earth that Sopchoppy worms find extremely disagreeable" (Charles Kuralt).Related tostub and stubby, stob is one of numerous Indo-European cognates, for example, Greekstupos, meaning "stump (of a tree or branch).” In Middle Englishstob seems to have been a variant spelling of stub, with one of its meanings being "the amputated stump of a human limb.”However, the word has chiefly denoted a short piece of wood,such as "a small post or stake or stump of a shrub, [and is] commonly so used in many, if not all, parts of the [American] South"(Charles F. Smith).南方语言stob 指一段短而直的树枝： 吉姆·罗泽尔的铁条或硬木树枝技术使大地呈现一片繁荣，苏普乔皮虫感到极为不快” （查尔斯·库拉尔特）。许多印欧语系同源词与stub 和 stubby，stob 有关， 例如，希腊语stupos 指 “（树或树枝的）树桩”。 在中古英语中，stob 看起来是 stub 的另一种拼法， 并有“人类肢体切断的残余”的意思。但是，这个词主要指一短块树木，如一小段桩子或柱子或树枝的残存部分，广泛用于［美国］南部大部分地区，如果不是全部地区的话”（查尔斯·F·史密斯）〔lemon〕Although we know neither where the lemon was first grownnor when it first came to Europe,we do know from its name alone that it came to us from the Middle East,because we can trace its etymological path.One of the earliest if not the earliest occurrences of our word is found in a Middle English customs document of 1420-1421.The Middle English word, which was of the formlimon, goes back to Old Frenchlimon, showing that yet another delicacy passed into England through France.The Old French word probably came from Italianlimone, another step on the route that leads back to the Arabic wordlaymūn or līmūn, which comes from the Persian wordlīmūn. 虽然我们既不知道柠檬是在哪儿被最早种植的，也不知道它是什么时候传到欧洲的，但是我们却能单从它的名字确切地判断出它是从中东地区传到我们的，因为我们可以追溯出它的语源的发展道路。如果不是最早出现的话，最早的发现记录于1420年至1421年之间的一份中古英语海关文件中。这个中古英语单词的形式是limon ， 可以追溯到古代法语中的limon 一词， 它表明又一种美味佳肴由法国传入了英国。这个古代法语单词很可能来源于意大利单词limone ， 这就更朝前一步地回到了阿拉伯语中的laymun 或 limun ， 这一单词来源于波斯语limun 〔force〕His playing compels respect, if not enthusiasm.如果不是狂热的话，他的表演就是强迫他人予以敬重。〔elusive〕"Failures are more finely etched in our minds than triumphs, and success is an elusive, if not mythic, goal in our demanding society"(Hugh Drummond)“失败比胜利更容易刻在我们脑中，成功在我们这个需求的社会是一个难于描述的，如果不是神秘的话，目的在我们的社会需求中”(休·德拉蒙德)〔barring〕Barring strong headwinds, the plane will arrive on schedule.如果不是猛烈的顶头风，飞机会准点到达的〔except〕If it were not for the fact that; only:如果不是；除…之外：〔intelligence〕"Intelligence is nothing if not an institutionalized black market in perishable commodities"(John le Carré)“情报工作如果不是一个买卖易坏商品的制度化的黑市，还能是什么呢？”(约翰·勒·卡里)〔except〕I would buy the suit, except that it costs too much.如果不是它售价太高的话，我本想买下那件衣服〔intervene〕He would have his degree by now if his laziness hadn't intervened.如果不是他的懒惰干扰的话，现在他已经获得学位了〔frown〕Caesar's division of Gaul into three parts used to be known by every child who learned Latin,but perhaps even classically trained schoolchildren did not always realize that in spite of the conquest of Gaul by the Romans, some Gaulish elements lived on, such as our wordfrown. This word is descended from Gaulish, a Celtic language that is related to Welsh and Irish. Frown, first recorded in Middle English in a work composed around 1395,came from Old Frenchfroigner, which meant "to turn up one's nose.” The Old French word was derived fromfrogne, "grimace,” which in turn came from the hypothetical Gaulish word.frogna, "nose,” which is related to Welshffroen, "nose,” and Old Irish srōn, "nose.” 每一个学拉丁文的孩子都知道凯撒三分高卢，但如果不是罗马人征服高卢，高卢语中许多东西至今依然存在，例如frown ，恐怕即使在学校里按传统方式教育的孩子都不可能知道这一点了。 此词来自高卢语，一种与威尔士语和爱尔兰语有关的凯尔特语。 Frown， 首先见于中世纪一本约1359年的英语书，来自古法语froigner， 意为“皱起某人的鼻子”。 古法语词则源自frogne， “鬼脸，” 源自臆测的高卢词·frogna， 意为“鼻子”， 与威尔士语ffroen， “鼻子”和与古爱尔兰语 sron 意为“鼻子”有关 〔lethargy〕"But for the criminal . . . languor which characterized that commander's movements . . . the honor of France might still have been saved" (John Lothrop Motley).“如果不是因为罪犯…指挥官的消沉怠倦的行为…法兰西的荣誉或许能得到挽救” （约翰·娄斯罗普·莫特利）〔where〕Where would we be without your help?如果不是你的帮助我们将会处于何等境地呢? |
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