| 单词 | 妓女 |
| 释义 | 〔wench〕To consort with women prostitutes. Used of a man.嫖妓：常与妓女配对。用于男人〔meretricious〕Of or relating to prostitutes or prostitution:嫖娼的：妓女或嫖娼的、或与之有关的：〔bawdry〕from bawd [bawd] * see bawd 源自 bawd [鸨母，妓女] * 参见 bawd〔nightwalker〕One, especially a robber or prostitute, who walks the streets at night.夜间游荡的人：夜间在街上游荡的人，尤指拦路抢劫者或妓女〔flapper〕Sense 2 British Slang [very young female prostitute, flapper] 释义2 英语俚语 [年轻妓女，放荡的少妇] 〔trick〕An act of prostitution.卖淫：妓女接客的行为〔pimp〕One who finds customers for a prostitute; a procurer.拉皮条的人：为妓女拉客的人，拉皮条的人〔bimbo〕"Bimbos had become major role models for young girls everywhere"(Ellen Goodman)“妓女已成为各地年轻姑娘仿效的主要社会形象”(埃伦·古德曼)〔pimp〕To serve as a procurer of prostitutes.拉皮条，为妓女拉客〔quean〕A woman regarded as being disreputable, especially a prostitute.轻佻女子：被认为名声不好的女子，尤指妓女〔meretricious〕Latin meretrīcius [of prostitutes] 拉丁语 meretrīcius [妓女的] 〔tartish〕Resembling or suggesting a prostitute:妓女的：类似或暗示为妓女的：〔tartish〕tartish attire.妓女穿的浓装艳抹的服饰〔Hart〕American lyricist whose song credits include "The Lady Is a Tramp,” "My Funny Valentine,” and "Blue Moon.”哈特，洛伦佐·米尔顿：(1895-1943) 美国抒情诗人，他的成名作品包括“她是个妓女”、“我的滑稽情人”和“蓝色月亮”〔harlot〕Harlot is first recorded in English in a work written around the beginning of the 13th century, meaning "a man of no fixed occupation, vagabond, beggar,” also the first main sense of the word herlot, which we borrowed from Old French. The recorded history of a word is sometimes all we need to scotch conjectures as to its ultimate origins. William Lambarde, in a 1570-1576 work, suggested that the word harlot came from the name of Arletta, or "Harlothe,” William the Conqueror's mother. As we have seen, Lambarde was unnecessarily besmirching her, for the history of harlot makes clear that "prostitute" was not its first sense. In fact, the word came to mean "male lecher" before it meant "prostitute,” but by the time Lambarde wrote, "prostitute" must have been thought to have been the main sense of the word, hence his etymology. Harlot 在英语中首次出现于某部创作于约13世纪初的作品中，意指“没有固定职业的人，流浪者，乞丐，”这也是 herlot 一词由古法语转借而来的第一个主要意思。单词的历史记载通常可供我们推测该词的最初渊源，威廉·兰巴德在他于1570年到1576年间创作的作品中指出： harlot 一词来自于英王威廉一世的母亲阿莉塔或“哈洛特”的名字，我们知道，兰巴德并无需玷污英王母亲的名誉，因为 harlot 一词的历史很明白地表明“妓女”之意并非该词的第一个意思，实际上，该词在意为“妓女”之前所具备的意思是“好色的男人”，但在兰巴德创作之时，“妓女”一定已经被认为是该词的主要意思，这便是它的词源 〔Marston〕English playwright whose works includeThe Malcontent and The Dutch Courtezan (both 1604). 马斯顿，约翰：(1575?-1634) 英国剧作家，作品包括《愤世者》 和 《荷兰妓女》 （均作于1604年） 〔meretricious〕from meretrīx meretrīc- [prostitute] 源自 meretrīx meretrīc- [妓女] 〔pornography〕from Late Greek pornographos [writing about prostitutes] 源自 后期希腊语 pornographos [有关妓女或卖淫的描写] 〔prostitute〕One who solicits and accepts payment for sex acts.妓女或男娼：拉客并接受性行为报酬的人〔tarty〕Of, relating to, or suggestive of a prostitute.妓女的：妓女的、与之有关的或暗示是妓女的〔streetwalker〕A prostitute, especially one who solicits in the streets.妓女：尤指在街上拉客的妓女〔trick〕A session carried out by a prostitute with a client.妓女和顾客进行的纠缠〔trick〕A prostitute's customer.嫖客：妓女的顾客〔hooker〕In hisPersonal Memoirs Ulysses S. Grant described Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker as "a dangerous man . . . not subordinate to his superiors.” Hooker had his faults, of course.He may indeed have been insubordinate;undoubtedly he was an erratic leader.But there is one thing of which he is often accused that "Fighting Joe" Hooker certainly did not do:he did not give his name to prostitutes.According to a popular story,the men under Hooker's command during the Civil War were a particularly wild bunch.When his troops were on leave,we are told, they spent much of their time in brothels.For this reason, as the story goes,prostitutes came to be known ashookers. It is not difficult to understand how such a theory might have originated.The major general's name differs from the wordhooker only in the capital letter that begins it. And it is true that Hooker's men were at times ill-disciplined (although it seems that liquor, not women, was the main source of their difficulties with the provost marshal).However attractive this theory may be,it cannot be true.The wordhooker, with the sense "prostitute,” is in fact older than the Civil War. It appeared in the second edition (although not in the first) of John Russell Bartlett'sDictionary of Americanisms, published in 1859.Bartlett definedhooker as "a strumpet, a sailor's trull.” He also said that the word was derived from Corlear's Hook,a district in New York City,but this was only a guess.There is no evidence that the term originated in New York.Norman Ellsworth Eliason has traced this use ofhooker back to 1845 in North Carolina. He reported the usage inTarheel Talk; an Historical Study of the English Language in North Carolina to 1860, published in 1956. The fact that we have no earlier written evidence does not mean thathooker was never used to mean "prostitute" before 1845. The history ofhooker is, quite simply, murky; we do not know when or where it was first used,but we can be very certain that it did not begin with Joseph Hooker.Also, we have no firm evidence that it came from Corlear's Hook.Scholarly evidence or lack thereof notwithstanding,the late Bruce Catton, the Civil War historian, did not go so far as to exonerate completely the Union general.Although "the term ‘hooker’ did not originate during the Civil War,”wrote Catton, "it certainly became popular then.During these war years, Washington developed a large [red-light district] somewhere south of Constitution Avenue.This became known as Hooker's Division in tribute to the proclivities of General Joseph Hookerand the name has stuck ever since.”If the termhooker was derived neither from Joseph Hooker nor from Corlear's Hook, what is its derivation?It is most likely that thishooker is, etymologically, simply "one who hooks.” The term portrays a prostitute as a person who hooks, or snares, clients.尤利西斯·S·格兰特在他的个人回忆录 中把陆军少将约瑟夫·胡克描写成“一个危险人物…从不服从于他的顶头上司”。 胡克当然有他的缺点。他也许曾是一个难以屈服的人；但他无疑是一个怪癖的军官。但是“好战的乔”，胡克却因为一件他肯定没有干过的事情而屡遭指责；他从不对妓女透露他的姓名。根据一个流行故事，内战中胡克的手下有一伙特别狂野的人们。当他的队伍即将离开时，据说他们总在妓院里消磨时日。故事还说正因为如此，妓女开始被叫做hookers。 我们不难理解这样一个故事的起源的推测。这个将军的名字和hooker 只差开头的一个大写字母。 而且胡克的手下在当时确实纪律涣散（尽管看来是酒而非女人才导致了他们与宪兵司令之间的矛盾）。不管这个故事多么诱人，它不可能是真实的。事实上hooker 一词作为“妓女”的意思比内战的历史还要早。 它出现于约翰·罗素·巴特利特编纂的美国俗语词典 的第二版（尽管第一版中没有）， 出版于1859年。巴特利特把hooker 定义为“一个妓女，水手的妓女”。 他还说这个词来源于科利尔的胡克，纽约市的一个地区，但这只是一个猜想。没有证据证明这一说法源于纽约。诺曼·爱尔斯华斯·艾利森把hooker 的用法追溯到1845年的北卡罗来纳州。 他在1956年出版的北卡罗来纳州闲话； 1860年前北卡罗来纳英语历史研究 中说明了这一用法。 缺乏早期书面证据这一事实并不意味着在1845年之前hooker 没有被用作“妓女”一义。 很简单，hooker 的历史隐晦难知； 我们不知道它在何时何地被首次使用，但我们可以肯定它并不始于约瑟夫·胡克。而且我们没有确凿证据证明它来源于科利尔的胡克。不管有无学术性的证据，已故的内战历史学家布鲁斯·卡通并没有做到为联邦将军彻底开脱的地步。尽管“‘hooker’这一词语并不是来源于内战，”卡通写道，“在那之后它肯定流行了起来。在战争年代，华盛顿在宪法大街南部某个地方发展了很大的［红灯区］。人们把这里称作胡克的辖区，作为对约瑟夫·胡克将军怪癖的献礼，这个名字从此便生根发芽”。如果hooker 这一词语既不是源于约瑟夫·胡克也不来自于科利尔的胡克， 那么它的词源究竟是什么呢?从词源学上来说hooker 很有可能仅仅是“引…上钩的人”。 这一词语把妓女描绘成一个勾引或引诱客人的人〔whoremaster〕A man who associates with or pays for sexual relations with prostitutes or a prostitute.嫖客：与妓女交往的男子，为与妓女发生性关系付钱的男子〔pornography〕pornē [prostitute] * see per- 5pornē [妓女] * 参见 per- 5〔gigolo〕perhaps from gigolette [dancing girl, prostitute] 可能源自 gigolette [舞女，妓女] 〔Huysmans〕French writer whose realistic novels includeMarthe, Histoire d'une Fille (1876) and En Rade (1887). 于斯曼斯，约里斯·卡尔：(1848-1907) 法国作家，其现实主义小说包括《玛特，一个妓女的故事》 （1876年）和 《En Rade》 （1887年） 〔harlot〕Middle English [vagabond, rogue, lecher, harlot] 中古英语 [流浪乞丐，流氓，好色之徒，妓女] 〔Arbus〕American photographer best known for her portraits of prostitutes, transvestites, persons with physical deformities, and other unconventional subjects.亚布斯，戴尼：美国摄影师，以其拍摄的人物闻名，包括妓女、易装癖、畸形人和其它非传统主体〔demimonde〕Women prostitutes considered as a group.妓女（总称）：整个妓女团体〔cocotte〕French [chicken, prostitute] [feminine diminutive of] coq [cock] 法语 [幼雏，妓女] coq的阴性词小后缀 [公鸡] 〔whorish〕Of or characteristic of whores or a whore; lewd.妓女的或具有妓女特征的；淫荡的〔whore〕To associate or have sexual relations with prostitutes or a prostitute.嫖妓，宿娼：与妓女有交往，与妓女有性关系〔brothel〕from Middle English brothel [prostitute] 源自 中古英语 brothel [妓女] 〔Rouault〕French artist whose paintings, often of biblical figures, clowns, or prostitutes, are characterized by brilliant colors and black outlines.卢奥，乔治斯：(1871-1958) 法国艺术家，他的作品色彩明亮且轮廓暗淡，其中的主人公常是圣经中的人物、小丑或妓女〔john〕A man who is a prostitute's customer.嫖客：妓女的主顾〔courtesan〕A woman who is a prostitute, especially one whose clients are men of rank or wealth.交际花，高级妓女：周旋于高官显贵中的妓女〔Ford〕English playwright whose works include'Tis Pity She's a Whore (1633) and collaborative efforts, notably with Thomas Dekker and John Webster. 福特，约翰：(1586-1639) 英国剧作家，作品包括《可惜她是妓女》 （1633年）和与他人的合著，其中尤以与托马斯·德克尔及约翰·韦伯斯特的合作而闻名 |
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