| 单词 | 委员会 |
| 释义 | 〔deal〕The committee will deal with this complaint.See Synonyms at treat 委员会将要处理这份投诉 参见 treat〔NSC〕National Security Council.国家安全委员会〔rathskeller〕German Rat [council, counsel] from Middle High German rāt from Old High German * see ar- 德语 Rat [委员会，参考官] 源自 中古高地德语 rāt 源自 古高地德语 * 参见 ar- 〔choice〕The option lies between accepting the candidate the administration proposes and reconstituting the search committee.可以在接受由领导提名的候选人以及重组选拔委员会之间作出选择。〔commit〕To refer (a legislative bill, for example) to a committee.把（例如立法议案）提交委员会〔parameter〕In recent yearsparameter has become the archetype for the borrowing of scientific terms into general usage and as such has occasioned a good deal of skeptical comment.Some of its new uses can be justified as useful extensions of the technical senses of the word.For example, the provisions of a zoning ordinance that limit the height or density of new construction can be reasonably likened to mathematical parameters that establish the limits of other variables.Therefore one can properly sayThe zoning commission announced new planning parameters for the historic Lamping district of the city. But other uses suggest that the writer has not understood the technical senseand has chosen it primarily as a way of injecting an aura of scientific precision into what would otherwise be a pedestrian communication.Thus there is no semantic justification for usingparameter as a general substitute for characteristic, as inThe Judeo-Christian ethic is one of the important parameters of Western culture, an example found unacceptable by 80 percent of the Usage Panel. ·Some of the difficulties with nontechnical use ofparameter appear to arise from its resemblance to the word perimeter, with which it shares the sense "limit,” though the two words differ in their precise meaning.This confusion doubtless explains the use ofparameter in a sentence such as U.S. forces report that the parameters of the mine area in the Gulf are fairly well established, where the wordperimeter would have expressed the intended sense more exactly. This example of a use ofparameter was unacceptable to 61 percent of the Usage Panel. 近些年来，parameter 已成为一个从科技术语借用到普通用法的原形， 同时也引起了大量的怀疑批评。它的某些新用法可被看作是该词科技含义的有益扩展。例如，某一区域性法规中关于新建筑高度或密度的条文能被合理地与制定其它变量限度的数学参量进行比较。因而，人们当然可以说地区委员会公布了历史上该城有名的灯区新计划方案 。 但其它的一些用法说明说话人还没有理解它的科技含义，并且选用了这个词主要作为给将是普通交流的东西注入一些精确的科学气息的途径。因此，用parameter 作为 characteristic 的一般等价词毫无语义上的合理性， 如在犹太教与基督教的道德规范是西方文化中重要的限制因素 ， 是80%的用法小组成员不接受的例子。Parameter 的非科技运用中的一些难点是由于它与 perimeter 都有“限制”的含义造成的， 尽管两个词的确切含义是不相同的。这种混淆无疑解释了parameter 在例如 美军报告说，海湾地雷区的环形防线设置得相当不错 的句子中的运用， 这里perimeter 可能会更确切地表达这种引申含义。 61%的用法小组成员不接受这个运用parameter 的例子 〔Osborne〕American prison reformer. As a member of the New York State Commission on Prison Reform (1913) and warden of Sing Sing state prison (1914-1916) he introduced a number of self-help programs for prisoners.奥斯本，托马斯·莫特：(1859-1926) 美国监狱改革家，纽约州监狱改革委员会的成员(1913年），并曾担任新心州立监狱的监狱长(1944-1916年），推行了许多犯人自助案〔Arthur〕The 21st President of the United States (1881-1885) who became President after the assassination of James A. Garfield. He supported the 1883 Pendleton Act, which created the Civil Service Commission to regulate federal appointments.阿瑟，切斯特·阿朗：(1829-1886) 美国第二十一任总统（1881-1885年），他是在詹姆斯·A·加菲尔德遇刺后成为总统的。支持1883年彭德尔顿法案,该法案建立文官委员会来管理联邦的任命制度〔Kenyon〕American jurist and reformer noted for her work on labor disputes and women's rights. She was a leading member of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women (1946-1950).凯恩，多罗斯：(1888-1972) 美国法学家、改革家，因其有关劳资争议和妇女权利方面的著作而著名。她是联合国妇女地位委员会的领导成员（1946-1950年）〔markup〕A session of a U.S. congressional committee at which a legislative bill is put into final form.最终审定：美国国会委员会最终通过某项法律议案的一种会议形式〔BE〕Board of Education.地方教育委员会〔none〕Almost none of the officials were (not was ) interviewed by the committee. 几乎所有的官员都未（不是 was ) 被委员会接见。 〔policymaking〕policymaking committees; policymaking decisions.决策委员会；制定政策的决定〔accept〕accept the committee's report.接受委员会的报告〔commission〕Often Commission A ruling council within the Mafia that adjudicates family disputes and regulates family activities. 常作 Commission 纪律委员会：黑手党内的管理委员会，它裁定家庭争端和管理家庭活动〔HUAC〕House Un-American Activities Committee.众议院非美活动调查委员会〔zemstvo〕An elective council responsible for the local administration of a provincial district in czarist Russia.地方自治机构：俄国沙皇时代由选举产生的委员会，其负责省属区域的地方行政管理〔consultor〕An adviser to a congregation of the Curia.教廷顾问：罗马教廷红衣主教委员会的顾问〔regent〕A member of a board that governs an institution, such as a state university.校务委员：管理一个机构，如国立大学的委员会的一个成员〔Jones〕American Quaker philosopher who helped found (1917) the American Friends Service Committee.琼斯，鲁富斯·马修：(1863-1948) 美国贵格会哲学家，于1917年帮助创建了“美国友爱服务委员会”〔smog〕Smog is so much a part of modern, industrialized lifethat it is difficult to realize that at one time neither smog nor the word for it existed.The word, of course, followed the phenomenon perhaps by half a century,for air pollution was noticed during the Industrial Revolution.The wordsmog is first recorded in 1905 in a newspaper report of a meeting of the Public Health Congress. Dr. H.A. des V÷ux gave a paper entitled "Fog and Smoke,” in which,in the words of theDaily Graphic of July 26, "he said it required no science to see that there was something produced in great cities which was not found in the country, and that was smoky fog, or what was known as ‘smog.’”The next day theGlobe remarked that "Dr. des V÷ux did a public service in coining a new word for the London fog.”Since Dr. des V÷ux's creation of this blend, much more has been learned about the composition of smog;unfortunately, it is still with us.烟雾污染已成为现代工业生活中如此大的一部分，以至有一段时间人们难以认识烟雾污染以及表达其存在的烟雾污染这个词。不言而喻，这个词是在这种现象产生半个世纪以后才出现的，因为空气污染是在工业革命期间才被发现。Smog 这个词的第一次使用记录出现在1905年关于公共健康委员会一次会议的新闻报导中， H·A·德佛博士当时上交了一份题为《雾和烟》的论文，按照7月26日每日画报 的说法， 在这篇论文中，“他认为不必借助科学，人们就会发现一种只存在于大城市而乡村没有的东西，那就是含烟的雾，或者叫做烟雾”。第二天的环球报 评论说： "H·A·德佛博士关于伦敦大雾所创造的新词是对公众的一个贡献”。自从H·A·德佛博士用混合的方法创造这个词开始，人们对烟雾的结构做了仔细的研究；但不幸的是，它至今还存在着〔subconference〕A subcommittee of a congressional conference.小组会议：国会之小组委员会〔report〕The committee reported the new tax bill out.委员会呈了交新的纳税议案〔CED〕Committee for Economic Development.经济发展委员会〔injustice〕A committee of inmates presented a list of their grievances to the prison warden. 一个囚犯委员会向监狱看守提交了一个罪行清单 〔discord〕Dissension is rampant among the members of the committee.意见分歧在委员会的成员中蔓延。〔sovereign〕A national governing council or committee.统治国家的政府或委员会〔Dies〕American legislator known for his controversial leadership (1938-1945) of the House Un-American Activities Committee.迪尔斯，马丁：(1901-1972) 美国议员，因其在1938-1945年对美国事务委员会有争议的领导而闻名〔report〕The committee reported the bill.委员会提出了这项法案〔take〕She took the position of chair of the committee.她担任了该委员会主席一职〔KGB〕The intelligence and internal security agency of the Soviet Union.克格勃：苏联情报和国家安全委员会〔Kalinin〕Russian politician who participated in the revolution of 1917 and was head of state as chairman of the All-Union Central Executive Committee (1919-1938) and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1938-1946).加里宁，米克海尔·伊凡诺维奇：(1875-1946) 苏俄政治家，曾参加1917年俄国革命，历任苏联中央执行委员会主席（1919-1938年）和苏联最高苏维埃主席团主席（1938-1946年）〔place〕placed the matter before the board.向委员会提议这件事〔refer〕It is sometimes believed that the phraserefer back is redundant, since the prefixre- means "back,” but the objection is misplaced.In fact, an expression can refer either to something that has already been mentionedor to something that is yet to be mentioned,and the distinction betweenrefer back and refer ahead may thus be required for clarification. For example, the sentenceJones promised that if he was elected to the council, Harris would be made the council president is ambiguous, because the pronounhe may either refer back or refer ahead. See Usage Note at allude ,redundancy 人们有时认为短语refer back 是重复的， 因为前缀re- 意为“过去的，后面的”， 但这一异议是错误的。事实上，一种表达方法可以指已经提到的东西，也可以指即将提到的东西，所以refer back 和 refer ahead 之间的区别可能会要求进行区分。 例如句子琼斯保证如果他被选进委员会，哈里斯将被选为委员会主席 是不明确的， 因为代词他 可以指后面的，也可以指前面的 参见 allude,redundancy〔trustee〕A member of a board elected or appointed to direct the funds and policy of an institution.保管委员：被选举或任命来保管机构资金并制定政策的委员会成员〔IADB〕Inter-American Defense Board.泛美防务委员会〔NRC〕National Research Council.全国科学研究委员会〔recommit〕To refer (proposed legislation, for example) to a committee again.重新提出：将（例如，方案）再一次地发给委员会讨论〔ICC〕Interstate Commerce Commission.州际商务委员会（美国）〔which〕The antecedent ofwhich can sometimes be a sentence or clause, as opposed to a noun phrase,as inShe ignored him, which proved to be unwise. They swept the council elections,which could never have happened under the old rules. Such examples are unexceptionable,but care should be taken that this usage does not cause ambiguities.The sentenceIt emerged that Edna made the complaint, which surprised everybody may mean either that the complaint was surprising or that it was surprising that Edna made it. The ambiguity can be avoided with paraphrases such asIt emerged that Edna made the complaint, a revelation that surprised everybody. ? In its use to refer to the contents of sentences and clauses,which should be used only when it is preceded by its antecedent. When the antecedent follows,what should be used, particularly in formal style: Still, he has not said he will withdraw, which is more surprising but Still, what (not which ) is more surprising, he has not said he will withdraw. See Usage Note at that ,what ,whose which 的先行词有时可为一个句子或一个从句， 与名词短语相对立，如在句子她忽视了他，结果证明这是不明智的。 他们在委员会选举中一举获胜，这在旧体制下是永远不会发生的。 这样的例子是无懈可击的，但应该小心谨慎以使这种用法不致于引起模棱两可。句子It emerged that Edna made the complaint, which surprised everybody（埃德娜发出了使每个人都很吃惊的怨言） 既可以指怨气让人吃惊也可以指抱怨的是埃德娜而让人吃惊。 用例如It emerged that Edna made the complaint, a revelation that surprised everybody.（埃德娜大加抱怨，这发现让大家都很吃惊） 这样的句子就可以避免模棱两可。 在它被用来指句子或从句内容时，which 只用在先行词在其前面时。 当先行词跟在后面时，就应该用what ，特别是在正式文体中： Still, he has not said he will withdraw, which is more surprising（他依然还是没说他将退出，这更让人吃惊） 但另外一种形式 Still, what （不用 which ) is more surprising, he has not said he will withdraw.（然而，更让人吃惊的是他还是没说他将退出） 参见 that,what,whose |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。