| 单词 | 威尔逊 |
| 释义 | 〔Wilson〕American physicist and radio astronomer. He shared a 1978 Nobel Prize for research on cosmic microwave radiation.威尔逊，罗伯特·伍德罗：(生于 1936) 美国物理家和辐射天文学家。因研究宇宙微波辐射而获1978年诺贝尔奖〔hiatus〕"We are likely to be disconcerted by . . . hiatuses of thought"(Edmund Wilson)“我们很可能因思绪的中断而感到困窘”(埃德蒙·威尔逊)〔Nye〕American humorist. Many of his anecdotes of American life were first published in the Laramie, Wyoming,Boomerang. 奈，埃德加·威尔逊：(1850-1896) 美国幽默作家。他的许多关于美国生活的轶闻，首次发表在美国怀俄明州拉勒米的《飞去来器》 上 〔either〕When the construction mixes singular and plural elements, however,there is some confusion as to which form the verb should take.It has sometimes been suggested that the verb should agree with whichever noun phrase is closest to it;thus one would writeEither Eve or the Kays have been invited, butEither the Kays or Eve has been invited. This pattern is accepted by 54 percent of the Usage Panel.Others have maintained that the construction is fundamentally inconsistent whichever number is assigned to the verband that such sentences should be rewritten accordingly.As Wilson Follett put it:然而，当结构中既有单数又有复数成分的时候，动词应采取什么形式说法不定。人们有时建议动词的人称和数应与离得最近的名词短语呼应；因此人们说Either Eve or the Kays have been invited ， 而不是Either the Kays or Eve has been invited 。 这种格式被用法使用小组54的成员所接受。也有人认为不管动词用什么样的数， 这个结构本质上都是一致的，因此这样的句子应重写。象威尔逊·伏莱特所说的：〔devote〕"To such a task we can dedicate our lives and our fortunes, everything that we are and everything that we have" (Woodrow Wilson).“为了完成这个任务，我们可以贡献我们的生命和财产，我们就是一切，我们拥有一切” （伍德罗·威尔逊）。〔House〕American diplomat and adviser to President Woodrow Wilson. He organized U.S. preparations for the Paris Peace Conference of 1919.豪斯，爱德华·曼德尔：(1858-1938) 美国外交家及伍德罗·威尔逊总统的顾问。美国对于1919年的巴黎和会的筹备工作是由他组织领导的〔embodiment〕"The flag is the embodiment, not of sentiment, but of history"(Woodrow Wilson)“旗帜是一个化身，并非感情的而是历史的”(伍德罗·威尔逊)〔identify〕In the sense "to associate or affiliate (oneself) closely with a person or group,”identify has developed two distinct subsenses. In one, the verb suggests a psychological empathy with the feelings or experiences of another person,as inMost young readers readily identify (or identify themselves ) with Holden Caulfield. This usage derives originally from psychoanalytic writing,where it has a specific technical sense,but like other terms from that field,it was widely regarded as jargon when introduced into the wider discourse.In particular,critics seized on the fact that in this sense the verb was often used intransitively,with no reflexive pronoun.As Wilson Follett wrote in 1966,"The critic . . . could help restore the true notion in these words if he would give upidentifying at large and resume identifying himself with Ivan Karamazov, Don Quixote, Mary Poppins, or whomever.” In recent years, however, this use ofidentify with without the reflexive has become a standard locution. Eighty-two percent of the Usage Panel accepts the sentenceI find it hard to identify with any of his characters; whereas only 63 percent now accepts this same usage when the reflexive pronoun is used,as inI find it hard to identify myself with any of his characters. · Omission of the reflexive with this use ofidentify serves among other things to distinguish it from use of the verb to mean "to associate (oneself) with the goals, interests, or principles of a group.” This use of the verb can be traced back to the 18th century,but it is now somewhat less acceptable to the Panel than the first sense under discussion:58 percent of the Panel accepts the sentenceShe identified herself with the campaign against drug abuse, and only 40 percent acceptsShe identified with the campaign against drug abuse, where no reflexive pronoun is used. 在“使（自己）密切联系或依附于别人”这一意思中的。identify 一词又有两种不同的含义。 第一，这个动词表现了对其他人的感情或经历在心理上的认同，例如大多数青年读者很快认同了 （或 identify themselves ) 霍尔顿·科尔菲德。 这种用法来源于有关心理分析的著作，在这些著作中，这个词具有特殊的科技含义，不过就象从该领域引入的其它词语一样，这个词在日常生活使用中还带有专业术语的痕迹。特别指出的是，批评家们在发现这个词常常作为不及物动词来用，后面不带反身代词。正如威尔逊·福勒特1966年写到的，“如果评论家们很早就全面放弃identifying 而重新使用 identifying himself with 伊万·卡拉玛佐夫、堂吉诃德、玛丽·波普斯等人物，那就会有助于探询出这些词的真实含意。” 不过，近年来使用identify with 中间不加反身代词已成为一种标准搭配。 用法专题小组中82%的成员认为我觉得很难认同于他小说中的人物 一句是正确的； 而现在只有63%的成员接受使用反身代词来表达同一意思的句子，即I find it hard to identify myself with any of his characters。 省略反身代词以及其它一些方法，使identify 这种用法区别于它作为动词在“与某个集团的目标、利益或原则相联系”一句中的意思。 它作为动词的用法可追溯到18世纪，不过对于用法专题小组来说它没有第一种解释那样被易于接受：58%的小组成员接受她支持反对滥用药物的运动 这一说法， 只有40%的成员接受不要反身代词的She identified with the campaign against drug abuse 这一说法 〔quality〕"He settled in to read Edmund Wilson . . . It was quality time"(Margaret Truman)“他坐下来读爱德蒙·威尔逊的书…这是一个极其美妙的时刻”(玛格丽特·杜鲁门)〔Wilson〕British politician who served as prime minister (1964-1970 and 1974-1976). His administration was marked by turmoil in Rhodesia and Northern Ireland and resistance to a price and income policy. He resigned in 1976.威尔逊，（詹姆斯）哈罗德：(生于 1916) 英国政治家，曾任首相(1964-1970和1974-1976年）。他执政期间，罗得西亚和北爱尔兰有暴乱，人们反对当时的物价和收入的政策。他在1976年辞职〔Wilson〕Vice President of the United States (1873-1875) under Ulysses S. Grant.威尔逊，亨利：(1812-1875) 尤利西斯·S·格兰特任总统时的美国副总统(1873-1875年）〔Peale〕American family of painters, includingCharles Willson Peale (1741-1827) and his brother James Peale (1749-1831). Four of Charles's children became painters: Raphael Peale (1774-1825), Rembrandt Peale (1778-1860), Rubens Peale (1784-1865), and Titian Peale (1799-1885). James's two daughters, Anna Claypoole Peale (1791-1878) and Sarah Miriam Peale (1800-1885), were also artists. 皮尔：美国绘画世家，包括查尔斯·威尔逊·皮尔 (1741-1827年）和其弟 詹姆斯·皮尔 (1749-1213年）。查尔斯的四个孩子都成为画家： 拉斐尔·皮尔 (1774-1825年）， 林布兰·皮尔 (1778-1860年）， 鲁本斯·皮尔 (1784-1865年）和 提香·皮尔 (1799-1885年）。詹姆斯的两个女儿 安娜·克莱普勒·皮尔 (1791-1878年）和 沙拉·米瑞姆·皮尔 (1800-1885年）也是艺术家 〔gut〕"The best part of a good car . . . is its guts"(Leigh Allison Wilson)“一辆好车中最精良的东西是它的内部结构”(利·阿利森·威尔逊)〔Baker〕American author and muckraking journalist who was the authorized biographer of Woodrow Wilson and wrote many books, includingOur New Prosperity (1900) and Native American (1941). He also wrote essays under the pen name David Grayson. 贝克，雷·斯坦纳德：(1870-1946) 美国作家和报道名人丑事的记者，他是伍德罗·威尔逊总统的法定传记作者，写过很多书，作品有《我们的新繁荣》 （1900年）和 《本土美国人》 （1941年），他也曾以笔名戴维·格雷森写小品文 〔Wilson〕American Revolutionary patriot and jurist. A signer of the Declaration of Independence, he later served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1789-1798).威尔逊，詹姆斯：(1742-1798) 美国独立战争时的爱国者和律师，曾参加签署《独立宣言》，后来任美国最高法院的陪审法官(1789-1798年）〔proud〕"There is such a thing as a man being too proud to fight" (Woodrow Wilson). “居然有这样一种人，他们骄傲得不屑于去战斗” （伍德罗·威尔逊）。 〔Hale〕American astrophysicist who invented the spectroheliograph (1891) and directed the Mount Wilson Observatory (1904-1923).海耳，乔治·埃勒利：(1868-1938) 美国天体物理学家，1891年发明太阳摄谱仪，曾任威尔逊天文台台长（1904-1923年）〔Reagan〕The 40th President of the United States (1981-1989). An actor turned politician, he was governor of California (1967-1975) and defeated the incumbent Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election. His administration was marked by economic recovery, military involvement in Grenada, Central America, Lebanon, and Libya, and improved relations with the Soviet Union.里根，罗纳德·威尔逊：(生于 1911) 1981年至1989年在位的美国第四十任总统。他原是一个演员，后成为政治活动家，1967年至1975年任加利福尼亚州州长，在1980年的总统大选中，他击败了当时的在职总统吉米·卡特。他的政绩是使经济复苏，对格林纳达、中美洲、黎巴嫩和利比亚进行军事干预，改善与苏联的关系〔Wilson〕The 28th President of the United States (1913-1921), whose administration was marked by World War I and the introduction of prohibition. At the Paris Peace Conference (1919) he included the establishment of the League of Nations as a proviso of the Treaty of Versailles. The winner of the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize, he was unable to convince the U.S. Senate to ratify the treaty.威尔逊，（托马斯）伍德罗：(1856-1924) 美国第二十八任总统(1913-1921年），其执政期间，美国参加了第一次世界大战，这一时期也是美国历史上的禁酒时期。在巴黎和会上(1919年），他提出建立国际联盟作为凡尔赛条约的限制性条款。获1919年诺贝尔和平奖。他没有能够说服美国参议院正式认可凡尔赛条约〔Wilson〕British physicist. He shared a 1927 Nobel Prize for devising the cloud chamber.威尔逊，查尔斯·汤姆逊·里斯：(1869-1959) 英国物理学家。因发明云室而获1927年诺贝尔奖〔pivot〕"The plot . . . lacks direction, pivoting on Hamlet's incertitude"(G. Wilson Knight)“计谋…缺乏方向，随着哈姆莱特的不确定性摆动”(G.威尔逊·奈特)〔Wilson〕First Lady of the United States (1915-1921) as the second wife of President Woodrow Wilson. She was actively involved in government during the serious illness of her husband (1919-1920).威尔逊，埃迪斯·博林：(1872-1961) 美国第一夫人(1915-1921年），是伍德罗·威尔逊总统的第二个妻子。在她的丈夫重病期间(1919-1920年），她积极投入到政府工作中〔malcontent〕"immature malcontents who have long since sold out to conformity"(John M. Wilson)“长期养成服从习惯的不成熟的叛逆者”(约翰M.威尔逊)〔Patterson〕American family of journalists, includingRobert Wilson Patterson (1850-1910), editor in chief of the Chicago Tribune (1899-1910). His son Joseph Medill Patterson (1879-1946) founded (1919) the New York Daily News, and his daughter Eleanor Medill Patterson (1884-1948) founded (1939) the Washington Times-Herald. 帕特森：美国记者之家，包括罗伯特·威尔逊·帕特森 (1850-1910年）， 《芝加哥论坛报》 （1899-1910年）主编。他的儿子 约瑟夫·梅迪尔·帕特森 (1879-1946年），1919年创立了 《纽约每日新闻》 ，他的女儿 埃利诺·梅迪尔·帕特森 (1884-1948年）于1939年创立了 《华盛顿时代先锋报》 〔Wilson〕First Lady of the United States (1913-1914) as the first wife of President Woodrow Wilson. She died during Wilson's first term.威尔逊，埃伦·路易斯·阿克松：(1860-1914) 美国第一夫人(1913-1914年），伍德罗·威尔逊的第一个妻子。在威尔逊的第一届总统任期时去世〔Dorr〕American politician and reformer who led Dorr's Rebellion (1842), a campaign to change Rhode Island's antiquated suffrage laws.杜尔，托马斯·威尔逊：(1805-1854) 美国政治家和改革家，他领导了1842年的“杜尔反抗运动”，这是一场旨在改变罗得岛州过时的投票法的斗争〔render〕"Joyce has attempted . . . to render . . . what our participation in life is like"(Edmund Wilson)“乔伊斯曾试图…描绘出…我们参与生活的样子”(埃德蒙·威尔逊)〔opinion〕"A little group of willful men, representing no opinion but their own,have rendered the great Government of the United States helpless and contemptible" (Woodrow Wilson).“那些只代表他们自己的意见而不是其它公民意见的一小撮人，已经使伟大的美国政府处于一种无助和被人小瞧的地步” （伍德洛·威尔逊）。〔Staunton〕An independent city of north-central Virginia west-northwest of Charlottesville. The birthplace of Woodrow Wilson, it is a trade and processing center. Population, 24,461.斯丹顿：美国弗吉尼亚州中北部一独立城市，位于夏洛茨维尔西北偏西，是伍德罗·威尔逊的出生地。它是一个贸易和加工业中心。人口24,461〔arrange〕"It has been arranged for him by his family to marry a girl of his own class"(Edmund Wilson)“他家已就婚姻问题为他做好安排，要他娶一个门当户对的女孩”(埃德蒙·威尔逊)〔Guthrie〕American folk singer and composer of numerous songs about hardship and social injustice. His best-known composition is "This Land Is Your Land" (1940).格思里，伍德罗·威尔逊：(1912-1967) 美国民歌手，作了许多描写生活艰辛和社会不公的歌曲。他最有名的作品是“这片土地是你的土地”（作于1940年）〔Baker〕American public official and lawyer who served as secretary of war under President Woodrow Wilson (1916-1921) and was appointed to the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague (1928).贝克，牛顿·戴赫尔：(1871-1937) 美国公务员和律师，在伍德罗·威尔逊总统（1916-1921年）任职期间做军事部长，并于1928年派驻海牙的常设仲裁法庭〔and〕It is frequently asserted that sentences beginning withand or but express "incomplete thoughts" and are therefore incorrect. But this rule was ridiculed by grammarians like Wilson Follett (who ascribed it to "schoolmarmish rhetoric") and H.W. Fowler (who called it a "superstition"),and the stricture has been ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Virginia Woolf.Members of the Usage Panel were asked whether they paid attention to the rule in their own writing:24 percent answered "always or usually,” 36 percent answered "sometimes,” and 40 percent answered "rarely or never.”See Usage Note at both ,but ,try ,with 通常认为用and 或 but 开始的句子表达“不完整的思想”，因而是不正确的。 但这条规则被一些语法学家所嘲弄，如威尔逊·弗莱特（称之为“古板的修辞”），和H·W福勒（称之为“迷信”），从莎士比亚到弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫之间的作家都忽视了这条规定。当用法专题小组的成员被问到在他们的自己写作中是否也注意到这条规则时：24%的人回答“一直是这样或一般是这样”，36%的人回答“有时这样”，40%的人回答“很少或从来没有” 参见 both,but,try,with〔Wilson〕American physicist. He won a 1982 Nobel Prize for studying the changes in matter under pressure and temperature.威尔逊，肯尼思·格迪斯：(生于 1936) 美国物理学家。因其对在压力和温度下物质变化的研究作出贡献而获1982年诺贝尔奖〔distance〕"Telephone poles stretched way into a distance I couldn't quite see"(Leigh Allison Wilson)“电话杆一直延伸很远，我几乎都看不清楚了”(利·阿利森·威尔逊)〔Wilson〕American literary critic whose influential works includeAxel's Castle (1931), a study of the symbolist movement, and Patriotic Gore (1962), a critique of literature from the Civil War era. 威尔逊，埃德蒙：(1895-1972) 美国文学评论家。他富有影响的作品包括评析象征主义运动的《阿克瑟尔的城堡》 （1931年）和美国内战后的文学评论集 《爱国的血液》 （1962年） 〔aesthetic〕"a generous Age of Aquarius aesthetic that said that everything was art"(William Wilson)“认为任何事物都是艺术的新纪元的美学标准”(威廉·威尔逊)〔Howard〕American journalist and publisher. He was chairman of the board (1921-1936 and 1953-1964) and president (1936-1953) of the United Press Association.霍华德，罗伊·威尔逊：(1883-1964) 美国记者及出版商他是联合出版协会的董事长(1921年-1936年和1953年-1964年）以及主席(1936年-1953年）〔Baruch〕American stock broker, public official, and political adviser for every President from Woodrow Wilson to John F. Kennedy.巴鲁克，伯纳德·曼内斯：(1870-1965) 美国财政家和政府官员，并担任过从伍德罗·威尔逊到约翰·F·肯尼迪的总统顾问 |
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