| 单词 | 威廉 |
| 释义 | 〔Giauque〕Canadian-born American chemist. He won a 1949 Nobel Prize for his research in low-temperature thermodynamic chemistry.吉奥克，威廉·弗朗西斯：(1895-1982) 加拿大裔的美国化学家，他因在低温热力化学上的研究而获得1949年的诺贝尔奖〔lucre〕When William Tyndale translatedaiskhron kerdos, "shameful gain" (Titus 1:11), as filthy lucre in his edition of the Bible, he was tarring the wordlucre for the rest of its existence. But we cannot lay the pejorative sense oflucre completely at Tyndale's door. He was merely a link,albeit a strong one,in a process that had begun long before with respect to the ancestor of our word,the Latin wordlucrum, "material gain, profit.” This process was probably controlled by the inevitable conjunction of profit, especially monetary profit, with evils such as greed.In Latinlucrum also meant "avarice,” and in Middle Englishlucre, besides meaning "monetary gain, profit,” meant "illicit gain.”Furthermore, many of the contexts in which the neutral sense of the word appeared were not that neutral,as in "It is a wofull thyng . . . ffor lucre of goode . . . A man to fals his othe [it is a sad thing for a man to betray his oath for monetary gain].”Tyndale thus merely helped the process along when he gave us the phrasefilthy lucre. 当威廉·廷代尔在他的《圣经》版本里把aiskhon kerdos （“可耻的收获”）翻译成 filthy lucre 时， 他就把lucre 这个词当作贬义了， 这个词以后也就这样解释了。但是我们不能把lucre 这个词的贬义全部归于廷代尔名下。 他只是整个过程的一个环节，尽管是个有力的环节，这个过程早在我们这个词的祖先，拉丁字lucrum （意为“物质获得，利润”）就开始了。 这个过程很可能与带有类似贪婪这样的罪恶利润，尤其是钱财利润不可避免地联系在一起。在拉丁文里，lucrum 也有“贪婪”的意思。 在中世纪英语中，lucre 除了有“钱财收入，利润”的意思之外， 还意味着“不正当的所得”。更进一步说，即使这个词意思是中性的，但上下文却不是那么的中性，比如“一个人为了钱财背弃自己的誓言。”廷代尔在给我们短语filthy lucre 时，仅仅有助于把这个过程延续下来 〔burke〕After William Burke (1792-1829), Irish-born grave robber and murderer 源自威廉姆 伯克 （1792-1829年），爱尔兰裔盗墓者和谋杀犯 〔reveal〕"A servant . . . betrayed their presence . . . to the Germans" (William Styron).The term can also mean to reveal against one's desire or will: “仆人…向德国人泄露了他们在场的秘密” （威廉·斯蒂伦）。这个词也指违背某人的愿望或意愿的泄露： 〔Humboldt〕German philologist and diplomat known for exploring the relationship between language and culture and for his study of the Basque language.洪堡男爵，（卡尔）威廉·冯：(1767-1835) 德国哲学家和外交家，以其对语言与文化的关系的探索和对巴斯克语言的研究而著名〔reparation〕"reparation for our rights at home, and security against the like future violations" (William Pitt).“对我们在国内的权利补偿以及将来可能受到的侵犯的保障” （威廉姆·皮特）。〔Chatham〕See William Pitt 1 参见 威廉 Pitt1〔Parry〕British navigator who commanded three expeditions in search of the Northwest Passage (1819-1820, 1821-1823, and 1824-1825).派瑞，威廉·爱德华爵士：英国航海探险家，曾指挥三个探险队寻找西北航路(1819-1820, 1821-1823, and 1824-1825)〔Bitzer〕American cinematographer best known for his camera work in the films of D.W. Griffith, most notablyThe Birth of a Nation (1915). 比采尔，乔治·威廉：美国电影摄影师，以其同D.W.格里菲思合作的影片闻名，最为著名的是《国家的诞生》 （1915年） 〔nonjuror〕Nonjuror A beneficed Anglican clergyman who refused to take the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy to William and Mary and their successors after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Nonjuror 一个在1688年革命后拒绝对威廉和玛丽以及他们的继承人宣誓效忠和承认他们至高无上的领圣俸的英国圣公教牧师〔toss〕"tossing their heads in sprightly dance"(William Wordsworth)“在轻盈活泼的舞步中举起他们的头”(威廉·华兹华斯)〔Horn〕A headland of extreme southern Chile in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. The southernmost point of South America, it was first rounded in 1616 by the Dutch navigator Willem Schouten (died 1625), who named it after his birthplace, Hoorn.合恩角：智利最南端的一海岬，位于火地群岛中。荷兰航海者威廉姆·史考滕（死于1625年）于1616年首次绕过这一南美最南端，并以自己的出生地“合恩”为其命名〔farrago〕"their special farrago of resentments"(William Safire)“他们气愤交加”(威廉·萨菲尔)〔equanimity〕"And the third [personal ideal] has been to cultivate such a measure of equanimity as would enable me to bear success with humility, the affection of my friends without pride" (William Osler). “第三个 是打算培养出这样一种镇静以致使我能以谦逊来对待成功， 不以朋友的爱戴而骄傲” （威廉·奥斯勒）。〔Morris〕British poet, painter, craftsman, and social reformer best remembered for his poetry, including the epicSigurd the Volsung (1876). 莫里斯，威廉：(1834-1896) 英国诗人、画家、工艺美术家和社会改革家，因诗作而为后人铭记，包括史诗《乌有乡消息》 （1876年） 〔Atlanta〕The capital and largest city of Georgia, in the northwest part of the state. It was founded in 1837 at the end of the railroad line as Terminus and renamed Atlanta in 1845. Almost entirely burned on November 15, 1864, before the start of Union general William Tecumseh Sherman's march to the sea, the city was rapidly rebuilt and became the permanent state capital in 1877. Population, 394,017.亚特兰大：美国乔治亚州首府和最大城市，位于该州西北部。建于1837年铁路线终端的边界，并于1845年改叫亚特兰大。1864年11月15日，联盟将军威廉·特库姆塞·舍曼向海洋进军行动开始之前，该市几乎完全被烧毁，很快被重建，并于1877年成为该州永久性的首府。人口394,017〔Egmont〕Flemish general and politician who refused to join William of Orange in a plan to overthrow Philip II of Spain but was beheaded nonetheless, precipitating a Flemish revolt against Spanish rule.埃格蒙特，拉莫尔德：(1522-1568) 佛兰德将领，政治家。因他拒绝参加奥兰治的威廉推翻西班牙腓力二世的计划被杀，但这件事加速了法兰德斯反抗西班牙统治的起义〔Tubman〕Liberian politician. As president of Liberia (1944-1971) he modernized the country and maintained a close relationship with the United States.杜伯曼，威廉·瓦卡纳雷特·萨德拉奇：(1895-1971) 利比里亚政治家，任利比里亚总统期间(1944-1971年）实现了国家现代化并与美国保持密切关系〔choke〕"The only top official to choke up was the Secretary of State. . . . he created a problem by insisting on solving a problem that was not acute"(William Safire)“国务卿是唯一的举止失措的高级官员…他坚持要解决一个并不严重的问题反而造成了问题”(威廉·萨菲尔)〔Moody〕American writer noted for his poetry and dramas, particularlyThe Great Divide (1906) and The Faith Healer (1909). 穆迪，威廉·沃恩：(1869-1910) 美国作家，以他的诗歌和戏剧闻名，尤其是《大分水岭》 （1906年）和 《忠实的治病者》 （1909年） 〔dimension〕"He's a good newsman, and he has that extra dimension"(William S. Paley)“他是一个优秀新闻工作者，并具备诸方面条件”(威廉S.佩利)〔Story〕American sculptor known for his neoclassical works, such asCleopatra (1858). 斯托里，威廉·韦特默：(1819-1895) 美国雕刻家，以其新古典主义作品闻名，如《克娄巴特拉》 （1858年） 〔old〕"a branch of one of your antediluvian families" (William Congreve).“你们那些快老掉牙的家族中的一支” （威廉·康格里夫）。〔Dedekind〕German mathematician best known for his theory of irrational numbers.狄德金，尤利乌斯·威廉·理查：(1831-1916) 德国数学家，因提出无理数理论而闻名〔Jevons〕British economist and logician who codeveloped the marginal utility theory (published 1886), which explains the value of goods and services in terms of the subjective valuation of consumers.杰方兹，威廉·斯坦利：(1835-1882) 英国经济学家和逻辑学家。他与人合作发展了边际效益理论(1886年发表），该理论解释了根据消费者主观估价所产生的商品及服务的价值〔Wells〕American delivery-company operator who founded the American Express Company (1850) and organized Wells, Fargo and Company (1852) with William Fargo.韦尔斯，亨利：(1805-1878) 美国投递公司的经营者。他创建了美国快递公司(1850年）并与威廉·法戈共同组织了韦尔斯与法戈公司〔Webern〕Austrian composer whose works, characterized by brevity and tonal dissonance, include two symphonies and a concerto for nine instruments (1934).韦全恩，安东·弗雷德里希·威廉·冯：(1883-1945) 奥地利作曲家。他的作品特征是短小而乐调不和诣，包括两部交响曲和由九种乐器演奏的协奏曲(1934年）〔Hazlitt〕British essayist noted for his trenchant literary criticism. His works includeThe Characters of Shakespeare's Plays (1817). 哈兹利特，威廉：(1778-1830) 因犀利的文学批评而闻名的英国散文家，他的作品包括《莎士比亚戏剧中的人物》 （1817年） 〔Allen〕English Roman Catholic cardinal who directed the work on the Douay Bible.艾伦，威廉：(1532-1594) 英国罗马天主教红衣主教，曾负责杜埃版《圣经》的工作〔Thames〕A river, about 257 km (160 mi) long, of southeast Ontario, Canada, flowing southwest to Lake St. Clair. In the War of 1812 Gen. William Henry Harrison defeated British and Native American forces in the Battle of the Thames (October 5, 1813).西蒙斯河：流程约257公里(160英里）的河，位于加拿大安大略省东南，向西南流向圣·克泊尔湖，在1812年杰思战争中，威廉·亨利·哈瑞森在西蒙斯战役中(1813年10月5日）击败英国和美洲土著部队〔tire〕"nothing so fatiguing as the eternal hanging on of an uncompleted task" (William James).Toexhaust is to wear out completely; the term connotes total draining of physical or emotional strength: “没有什么东西象一份萦绕在你心头的没有完成的工作那样累人” （威廉·詹姆士）。Exhaust 指筋疲力尽， 这个词表示体力或情感力量的完全耗尽： 〔Inge〕British prelate and writer whose pessimistic sermons and articles won him the nickname "the Gloomy Dean.”英奇，威廉·拉尔夫：(1860-1954) 英国高级教士和作家，因其充满悲观论调的传道和文章而被称为“忧伤教长”〔Pitt〕British political leader and orator who directed his country's military effort during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763).皮特，威廉：(1708-1778) 英国政治家领袖和演讲家，在七年战争(1756-1763年）时曾指挥其国内战事〔Lanfranc〕Italian-born English prelate and political adviser who was archbishop of Canterbury (1070-1089) and a counselor of William the Conqueror.兰弗朗克：意大利裔英国高级教士和政治顾问，他曾在1070-1089年间担任坎特伯雷大主教和征服者威廉的顾问〔deplete〕"The resources of civilization are not yet exhausted" (William Ewart Gladstone).“文明的源泉永远不会枯竭” （威廉姆·爱德华·哥莱德斯托恩）。〔cattleya〕after William Cattley (died 1832), British patron of botany 源自威廉 凯特利 （卒于1832年），英国植物守护神 〔Monroe〕American guitarist, singer, and songwriter widely regarded as the father of bluegrass.门罗，威廉·史密斯：美国吉他手、歌星及歌曲作家，被广为称作蓝草音乐之父〔Hoppe〕American billiards player who won 51 world titles between 1906 and 1952.霍珀，威廉·腓特烈：(1887-1959) 美国台球运动员从1906年至1952年期间获得51个世界冠军〔Post〕American manufacturer of breakfast cereals and the coffee-substitute Postum.波斯特，查尔斯·威廉：(1854-1914) 美国早餐麦片及波斯特姆咖啡代用品的制造商〔Tippecanoe〕A river, about 274 km (170 mi) long, rising in northeast Indiana and flowing generally southwest to the Wabash River. Gen. William Henry Harrison defeated the Shawnee in the Battle of Tippecanoe (1811).蒂帕卡怒河：发展于美国印第安纳州东北部的一条河流，全长约274公里(170英里），大致向西南流入沃巴什河。威廉·亨利·哈里森将军曾在蒂帕卡怒战役中打败了肖尼人 |
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