| 单词 | 孤独 |
| 释义 | 〔Kerouac〕American writer and leading figure of the beat generation. His primarily autobiographical books includeOn the Road (1957) and Desolation Angels (1965). 凯鲁亚克，杰克：(1922-1969) 美国作家，“垮掉的一代”的代表人物。他主要的自传作品包括《在路上》 （1957年）和 《孤独天使》 （1965年） 〔flow〕As the lone dissenter in the group, she was going against the flow of opinion.在这个团体里作为一名孤独的反对者，她正在逆思潮而为〔Hemingway〕American writer. A World War I ambulance driver, journalist, adventurer, and expatriate in Paris during the 1920's, he wrote short stories and novels, such asThe Sun Also Rises (1926), For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), and The Old Man and the Sea (1952), that concern courageous, lonely characters and are marked by his terse literary style. He won the 1954 Nobel Prize for literature. 海明威，欧内斯特·米勒：(1899-1961) 美国作家。第一次世界大战期间先后做过救护车司机、新闻记者、探险家和被驱逐者，本世纪20年代移居巴黎从事短篇小说和小说的写作，作品有《太阳照样升起》 （1926年）， 《表钟为谁鸣》 （1940年），及 《老人与海》 （1952年）等，作品大都描写英勇无畏而孤独的人物，带有精炼的文学风格。他1954年获诺贝尔文学奖 〔bereave〕To leave desolate or alone, especially by death:夺去，丧失：因死亡使被置于寂寞或孤独的境况：〔solipsism〕Latin sōlus [alone] * see s(w)e- 拉丁语 sōlus [孤独的] * 参见 s(w)e- 〔alone〕"I am never less alone, than when I am alone" (James Howell). “我从来不比自己独处时更孤独” （詹姆斯·豪威尔）。〔desolate〕Bereft of friends or hope; sad and forlorn.See Synonyms at sad 失去朋友或希望的；伤心而孤独的 参见 sad〔privity〕from Latin prīvus [single, alone] * see per 1源自 拉丁语 prīvus [单独的，孤独的] * 参见 per 1〔shut〕loners who shut themselves off from the community.把自己同社会隔开的孤独者〔MacLennan〕Canadian writer whose novels, such asTwo Solitudes (1945) and Return of the Sphinx (1967), are literary treatments of Canadian political and social concerns. 麦克里南，休：(生于 1907) 加拿大作家，他的小说，如《两种孤独》 （1945年）和 《凤凰回归》 （1967年）以文学作品的形式反映了加拿大的政治和社会问题 〔void〕A feeling or state of emptiness, loneliness, or loss.空虚感：空虚、孤独或失落的感觉〔overpowering〕an overpowering need for solitude.对孤独的强烈需求〔single〕"It is the lone worker who makes the first advance in a subject: the details may be worked out by a team" (Alexander Fleming).“在一个课题中往往是一个孤独的工作者取得第一个突破：而细节可以让一群人去研究” （亚历山大·弗莱明）。〔secluded〕Removed or remote from others; solitary.隐退的：与别人分离或远离别人的；孤独的〔being〕"The artist after all is a solitary being"(Virginia Woolf)“艺术家毕竟是孤独的人”(弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫)〔Jarrell〕American poet whose works, published in collections such asLittle Friend, Little Friend (1945), concern war, loneliness, and art. 贾雷尔，兰德尔：(1914-1965) 美国诗人，其作品收录成集，如《小朋友，小朋友》 （1945年），内容有关战争、孤独和艺术 〔McCullers〕American writer whose fiction explores the spiritual isolation of misfits and outcasts of the South. Her novels includeThe Heart is a Lonely Hunter (1940) and The Member of the Wedding (1946). 麦卡勒斯，卡森·史密斯：(1917-1967) 美国女作家，她的作品探讨了美国南部孤独者和流浪者精神上的孤立。她的小说包括《心灵是一个孤独的猎手》 （1940年）和 《婚礼出席者》 （1946年） 〔lone〕a lone skier on the mountain.山上一个孤独的滑雪者〔forlorn〕Appearing sad or lonely because deserted or abandoned.孤独凄凉的：由于被遗弃或抛弃而呈伤心或孤独状的〔desolation〕a sense of utter desolation following the death of his parents.父母死亡后某种极度孤独的感觉〔privy〕from prīvus [single, alone] * see per 1源自 prīvus [单独的，孤独的] * 参见 per 1〔quite〕quite alone; not quite finished.See Usage Note at perfect 十分孤独；还没完成 参见 perfect〔eremurus〕Greek erēmos [solitary] 希腊语 erēmos [孤独] 〔privilege〕prīvus [single, alone] * see per 1prīvus [单独的，孤独的] * 参见 per 1〔Paz〕Mexican writer whose essays, includingThe Labyrinth of Solitude (1950), and volumes of poetry, such as Sun Stone (1957), often explore the Mexican identity. He won the 1990 Nobel Prize for literature. 帕斯，奥科塔维奥：(生于 1914) 墨西哥作家，他的文章如《孤独的迷宫》 （1950年）和大量诗歌如 《太阳石》 （1957年），常常探求墨西哥人的个性。获1990年度诺贝尔文学奖 〔hisself〕Speakers of some vernacular American dialects, particularly in the South, may use the possessive reflexive formhisself instead of himself (as in He cut hisself shaving ) and theirselves or theirself for themselves (as in They found theirselves alone ). These forms reflect the tendency of speakers of vernacular dialects to regularize irregular patterns found in the corresponding standard variety. In Standard English, the pattern of reflexive pronoun forms shows slightly irregular patterning; all forms but two are composed of the possessive form of the pronoun and -self or -selves, as in myself or ourselves. The exceptions are himself and themselves, which are formed by attaching the suffix -self/-selves to the object forms of he and they rather than their possessive forms. Speakers who use hisself and theirselves are smoothing out the pattern's inconsistencies by applying the same rule to all forms in the set.·A further regularization is the use of -self regardless of number, yielding the forms ourself and theirself. Using a singular form in a plural context may seem imprecise, but the plural meaning of ourself and theirself is made clear by the presence of the plural forms our- and their-. Hisself and theirselves have origins in British English and are still prevalent today in vernacular speech in England. 一些美国本土方言的使用者，尤其是美国南方人，可能会用所有格的反身代词形式hisself 代替 himself （如 He cut hisself shaving﹝刮脸时他割到自己﹞ ）以及 theirselves 或 theirself 代替 themselves （如 They found theirselves alone﹝他们发觉自己很孤独﹞ ）。这些形式反映出本土方言使用者试图规则化相应标准变化中的不规则模式。在标准英语中，反身代词模式显示出略微不规则模式的形成；除两个反身代词外，所有的反身代词都由代词的所有格形式加 -self 或 -selves 构成（如 myself 或 ourselves ）。例外的就是 himself 和 themselves ，将后缀 -self/-selves 附加在 he 和 they 的宾格形式而不是所有格形式上形成。采用 hisself 和 theirselves 的本土方言使用者消除了将同一规则用于一组中所有形式时产生的模式矛盾。进一步的规则化是不考虑数量而全部使用 -self ，由此产生 ourself 和 theirself 。在复数上下文中使用单数形式似乎有失严谨，但 ourself 和 theirself 的复数含义已由复数形式的 our- 和 their-清楚表明。Hisself 和 theirselves 起源于英式英语并在英国本土语言中依然流行 〔lone〕Without accompaniment; solitary:孤独的：没有伙伴的；孤独的：〔Riesman〕American sociologist whose best-known work isThe Lonely Crowd (1950). 里斯曼，小戴维：(生于 1909) 美国社会学家，其著名的作品是《孤独的人群》 (1950年） 〔social〕a gregarious person who avoids solitude;躲避孤独的合群的人；〔Kawabata〕Japanese writer whose novels, includingThousand Cranes (1959), often concern alienated, lonely individuals in search of beauty and purity. He won the 1968 Nobel Prize for literature. 川端，康成：(1899-1972) 日本作家，其小说包括《千鹤》 （1959年），常刻划一些寻求美与纯洁的异化了的孤独人物。1968年获诺贝尔文学奖 〔private〕from prīvus [single, alone] * see per 1源自 prīvus [单一的，孤独的] * 参见 per 1〔sole〕Middle English [alone] 中古英语 [孤独的] 〔leave〕Those who do not accept these examples generally feelthatleave alone should mean simply "to depart from one who remains in solitude": 那些不赞成这些例子的人大都觉得，leave alone 只应该表示“离开处于孤独中的人”的意义： 〔quality〕"From now on an artist will be judged only by the resonance of his solitude or the quality of his despair" (Cyril Connolly). “如今艺术家只能从他对孤独的反映或失望的程度来判断” （西里尔·康纳里）。 〔alone〕"Only solitary men know the full joys of friendship" (Willa Cather).Frequently, however, it stresses physical isolation that is self-imposed: “只有孤独的人才知道友谊的全部快乐” （威拉·凯瑟）。然而这个词通常强调自己所强加的隔离状态： 〔peer〕"To stray away into these forests drear,/Alone, without a peer"(John Keats)“迷失在这沉郁的林中／孤独，无伴”(约翰·济慈)〔lonely〕the loneliest night of the week.这周最孤独的一个晚上〔anomic〕"anomic loners musing over their fate"(Francine du Plessix Gray)“精神颓废的孤独者们在思考他们的命运”(弗朗辛·杜·普莱西克斯·格雷)〔withdrawn〕Emotionally unresponsive and detached; introverted.孤独的：感情上反应冷淡且冷漠的；性格内向的〔desolation〕The state of being abandoned or forsaken; loneliness:孤独，凄凉：处于被遗弃的状态；孤独： |
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