| 单词 | 宗教画 |
| 释义 | 〔iconoclast〕from Medieval Greek eikonoklastēs [smasher of religious images] 源自 中世纪希腊语 eikonoklastēs [毁坏宗教画像的人] 〔Nolde〕German painter and printmaker. His Expressionist works include landscapes and religious paintings.诺尔德，埃米尔：德国画家与版画家。他的表现派作品包括了风景与宗教画等〔Correggio〕Italian High Renaissance painter known for his use of chiaroscuro. Among his works are devotional pictures, includingHoly Night, and frescoes, such as those in the convent of San Paolo in Parma (1518). 科勒乔，安东尼奥·阿莱格林·达：(1494-1534) 文艺复兴高潮期意大利画家，以其运用阴暗对照法著名。他的作品包括宗教画（如《平安夜》 ）和壁画（如1518年帕尔马市圣保罗修道院的壁画） 〔Melchers〕American painter of genre scenes, religious works, and the muralsThe Arts of War and The Arts of Peace (1893). 梅尔彻斯，加利：(1860-1932) 美国风俗画及宗教画画家，作品有壁画《战争艺术》 及 《和平艺术》 （1893年） 〔Holbein〕German-born artist in Switzerland and England noted for his portraits and religious paintings.霍尔班，汉斯：(1497?-1543) 德裔艺术家，在瑞士及英国以其人物画和宗教画出名〔iconoclast〕An iconoclast can be unpleasant company,but at least the modern iconoclast only attacks such things as ideas and institutions.The original iconoclasts destroyed countless works of art.Eikonoklastēs, the ancestor of our word, was first formed in Medieval Greek from the elements eikōn, "image, likeness,” and -klastēs, "breaker,” fromklan, "to break.” The images referred to by the word are religious images,which were the subject of controversy among Christians of the Byzantine Empire in the 8th and 9th centuries, when iconoclasm was at its height.Those who opposed images did not, of course, simply destroy them, although many were demolished;they also attempted to have the images barred from display and veneration.During the Protestant Reformationimages in churches were again felt to be idolatrous and were once more banned and destroyed.It is around this time thaticonoclast, the descendant of the Greek word, is first recorded in English (1641), with reference to the Greek iconoclasts.In the 19th centuryiconoclast took on the secular sense that it has today, as in "Kant was the great iconoclast" (James Martineau).亵渎偶像者可能令人生厌，但至少现代的偶像毁坏者只是攻击思想和制度这类东西。最初的偶像破坏者却毁掉了无数的艺术作品。Eikonoklastes 最早见于中世纪希腊语，是我们现代词的前身，由 eikon 意为“图象，相象”和 -klastes 意为“毁坏者”组成， 它又来源于klan “打碎”的意思。 此词所说的肖像是指宗教的肖像，8至9世纪当毁坏偶像主义在拜占庭帝国盛行时，宗教偶像成为基督教徒中争执的焦点。反对宗教肖像的人尽管销毁了不少画像，但这并不是他们唯一的形式，他们也试图禁止偶像展览和偶像崇拜。在新教改革时期，教堂里的宗教画像再次被认为是盲目崇拜而遭到禁止和毁灭。正是在这一时期iconoclast 一词开始作为希腊语的衍生词在英语中出现， 第一次记录于1641年。到19世纪，iconoclast 一词开始有了现代的含意， 比如在“康德是一位伟大的传统叛逆者”（詹姆士·马提诺）〔Greco〕Greek-born Spanish painter of religious works, such asChrist Stripped of His Garments (1579) and Assumption (1577), characterized by elongated human figures, contrasting colors, and deep shadows. 葛雷柯，埃尔：(1541-1614) 希腊裔西班牙宗教画画家，作品有《除去外衣的耶稣》 （1579年）和 《圣母升天》 （1577年）。其作品以修长的人物、对比鲜明的色调和幽深的阴影为特色 〔tanka〕A Tibetan religious painting on fabric, usually portraying the Buddha or lamas in stereotyped aspects.唐卡：一种绘于织物上的西藏宗教画，通常描绘传统的佛陀或喇嘛形象〔Fouquet〕French artist who produced religious paintings, unidealized portraits, and book illuminations.富凯，简：(1420?-1480?) 法国画家，作品有宗教画、现实主义表现手法的肖像画以及书的插图〔Teniers〕Flemish painter of religious subjects. His sonDavid (1610-1690), known as "the Younger,” painted landscapes, religious subjects, and genre scenes, such as Company at Table (1634). 坦尼尔斯，戴维：(1582-1649) 法兰德斯宗教画家。其子大卫 （1610-1690年），即“小坦尼尔斯”，作品有风景画、宗教题材画和风俗画，如 《桌边的聚会》 （1634年） |
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