| 单词 | 定形 |
| 释义 | 〔figuration〕The act of forming something into a particular shape.定形：把…做成独特形状的行为〔rib〕A part or piece similar to a rib and serving to shape or support:类似肋骨之物：类似肋骨且用作定形或支撑的一部分或一片：〔diesinker〕One that makes or engraves metal dies for stamping or shaping.制模工：制作或镌刻用于冲压或定形用的金属模具的人〔rib〕One of many transverse pieces that provide an airplane wing with shape and strength.飞机翼的小骨部分：为航空飞机的机翼定形和提供强度的横向部分〔comet〕Comets have been feared throughout much of human history,and even in our own time their goings and comings receive great attention.Perhaps a comet might seem less awesome if we realized that our name for it is based on a figurative resemblance between it and human beings.This figurative name is recorded first in the works of Aristotle,in which he useskomē, the Greek word for "hair of the head,” to mean "luminous tail of a comet.” Aristotle then uses the derived wordkomētēs, "wearing long hair,” as a noun meaning "comet.” The Greek word was adopted into Latin ascomētēs, which was refashioned in Late Latin and given the formcomēta, furnishing Old English with comēta, the earliest English ancestor of our wordcomet. 在大多数人类历史期间，人们害怕彗星，甚至在我们自己的时代彗星的到来与离去仍受到很大注意。如果我们认识到我们对它的名字是基于它和人在外形上的相似性，也许彗星看起来就不太可怕了。比喻的名字首先记录在亚里士多德的著作中，他使用的kome 是希腊语中意为“头发”的词，表示“彗星明亮的尾巴。 然后亚里士多德使用导出的单词kometes “戴长发”，作为名词意义的"comet"。 希腊单词被采用到拉丁语为cometes， 它再形成晚期拉丁语，给定形式为cometa， 以 cometa 的形式出现于老式英语， 这就是我们单词comet 的最早英语原形 〔pocketbook〕The link between the senses "billfold, purse,” and "pocket-sized book" of the wordpocketbook can be clarified with a little historical information. The compound is first recorded in 1617 in the sense of "a small book designed to be carried in a pocket.”It is only recently that such books have looked like the paperbound books we are familiar with;these early paperbacks were bound like any book but were smaller in size.The next recorded use ofpocketbook (1685) is again for a book designed to fit in the pocket but this time used for notes or memoranda.The same word was then applied to a case that was shaped like a bookand in which money or papers could be kept.Finally, the wordpocketbook was transferred to yet another container for keeping things, a purse or handbag,rarely fitting in the pocketand not necessarily shaped like a book.Pocketbook 一词的两种词义“钱夹，手袋”和“口袋大小的书”之间的关联通过一点历史知识予以澄清。 这一复合词在1617年被首次记录为“被设计放在口袋里携带的一本小书”的意思。只是到不久前这种书看上去才象我们所熟悉的纸质封皮的书籍；这些早期的纸皮书装订得除了大尺寸上小点之外与其它书都一样。Pocketbook (1685年）的下一个记录下来的用法又是指设计的以适合口袋大小的书， 但这次它却被用来做笔记或便笺。这一词后来又被用来指定形为本书一样的盒子，并且里面可以存放钱或纸张。最后，pocketbook 这个词又转指另一种存放物品的容纳物， 比如一只手袋或手提包，它很少会放得进口袋，形状也不一定象书。〔form〕To assume a specified form, shape, or pattern.具有特殊的形态：排成一定形式、形状或模式〔tool〕A machine, such as a lathe, used to cut and shape machine parts or other objects.刀具机床：用来切割机器零件或其他物体或给零件或其他物体定形的工具，例如车床〔Boyden〕American inventor of processes for the manufacture of patent leather, workable forms of iron, and shaped hats. His brotherUriah Atherton Boyden (1804-1879) improved the turbine water wheel. 博伊登，塞特：(1788-1870) 美国发明家，发明了漆皮、可塑铁和定形帽的加工处理工艺，其弟犹里亚·亚得顿·博伊登 （1804-1879年）改进了水涡轮 〔pad〕A thin, cushionlike mass of soft material used to fill, to give shape, or to protect against jarring, scraping, or other injury.护垫，衬：薄的、象靠垫一样的柔软材料，用来填装、定形或防止挤压、刮擦或其它伤害〔formalize〕To give a definite form or shape to.使定形：予以定形或使具有一定的形状 |
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