| 单词 | 定律 |
| 释义 | 〔Ricardo〕British economist whose major work,Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817), supported the laws of supply and demand in a free market. 李嘉图，戴维：(1772-1823) 英国经济学家，其主要著作《政治经济与税收原理》 （1817年），证实供求在自由市场的定律 〔Hertz〕German physicist. He shared a 1925 Nobel Prize for discovering the laws that describe the impact of electrons upon atoms.赫兹，古斯塔夫·路德维希：(1887-1975) 德国物理学家。他因发现中子冲击原子定律，获1935年诺贝尔奖〔Alembert〕French mathematician and philosopher who defined the laws of dynamics governing equilibrium and centrifugal force. He also contributed to Diderot'sEncyclopédie. 达兰贝尔，简·李·龙达：(1717-1783) 法国数学家及哲学家，他定义了保持均衡和离心力的力学定律。他也曾向迪德洛特的《百科全书》 供稿 〔Bernoulli〕Family of Swiss mathematicians and scientists, includingJakob or Jacques (1654-1705), an important theorist of ordinary calculus and the calculus of variations. His brother Johann or Jean (1667-1748) developed integral and exponential calculus. Johann's son Daniel (1700-1782) anticipated the law of conservation of energy, did pioneering work in the molecular theory of gases, and contributed to probability theory and the theory of differential equations. 伯努利：瑞士数学家和科学家家族，包括雅各 或 雅克 （1654-1705年），是关于一般微积分和变分微分的重要理论家。其兄弟 约翰 或 让 （1667-1748年）发展了整数和指数微积分。约翰的儿子 丹尼尔 （1700-1782年）提前发现了能量守恒定律，在气体分子理论方面做了开拓性的工作，并对概率理论和微分方程理论有所贡献 〔geometrize〕To bring into conformance with the laws and principles of geometry.使…符合几何原理或定律〔heteronomous〕Greek nomos [law] * see -nomy 希腊语 nomos [法律，定律] * 参见 -nomy〔Brahe〕Danish astronomer whose accurate astronomical observations formed the basis for Johannes Kepler's laws of planetary motion.布雷赫，第谷：(1546-1601) 丹麦天文学家，其精确观测构成了关于天体运动的约翰尼斯·克普勒定律的基础〔Kepler〕German astronomer and mathematician. Considered the founder of modern astronomy, he formulated three laws to clarify the theory that the planets revolve around the sun.开普勒，约翰尼斯：(1571-1630) 德国天文学家和数学家，被认为是现代天文学的奠基人，他创立了三大定律，说明行星围绕太阳转的理论〔Helmholtz〕German physicist and physiologist who formulated the mathematical law of the conservation of energy (1847) and invented an ophthalmoscope (1851).亥姆霍兹，赫尔曼·路德维希·费迪南德·冯：(1821-1894) 德国物理学家，生理学家，创立了能量守恒的数学定律(1847年），并发明了一台检眼镜(1851年）〔generalize〕To reduce to a general form, class, or law.使一般化：赋予一普遍形式、种类或定律〔Joule〕British physicist who established the mechanical theory of heat and discovered the first law of thermodynamics.焦耳，詹姆斯·普雷斯科特：(1818-1889) 英国物理学家，为热量机械理论奠定基础，并发现了热力学第一定律〔Clausius〕German mathematician and physicist noted for his contributions to the laws of thermodynamics.克劳修斯，鲁道夫：德国数学家和物理学家，因其对热点学定律的贡献而闻名〔nomology〕Greek nomos [law] * see nem- 希腊语 nomos [法则，定律] * 参见 nem- 〔Cohen〕Russian-born American educator and philosopher known for his work on the philosophy of law and for a number of writings, includingReason and Nature (1931). 科汉，莫里斯·拉斐尔：(1880-1947) 俄裔美国教育家和哲学家，以其对哲学定律的工作和许多著作而闻名，包括《理性与本质》 （1931年） 〔Nernst〕German physicist and chemist. He won a 1920 Nobel Prize for his work in thermochemistry, particularly his proposal of the third law of thermodynamics (1906).能斯脱，瓦尔特·赫尔曼：(1864-1941) 德国物理学家、化学家，由于他在热化学方面，尤其是对于热力学第三定律的假设(1906年）所做的工作，于1920年获诺贝尔奖〔Boyle〕Irish-born British physicist and chemist whose precise definitions of chemical elements and reactions began the separation of chemistry from alchemy. In 1662 he formulated Boyle's law.波义耳，罗伯特：(1627-1691) 爱尔兰裔英籍物理学家和化学家，他的化学元素和反应的精确定义将化学开始从冶金术中分离出来。在1662年他提出了波义耳定律〔Avogadro〕Italian chemist and physicist who advanced the hypothesis that has come to be called Avogadro's law. From this hypothesis other physicists were able to calculate Avogadro's number.阿伏加德罗，阿梅代：(1776-1856) 意大利化学家及物理学家，他发展了后来被称为阿伏加德罗定律的假说。以这个假说出发，其他物理学家计算出了阿伏加德罗常数〔law〕A formulation describing a relationship observed to be invariable between or among phenomena for all cases in which the specified conditions are met:定律：各种现象之间恒定关系的简洁陈述，在所有符合特定条件的例子中都能适用：〔Wien〕German physicist. He won a 1911 Nobel Prize for formulating laws on the radiation of heat.维恩，威廉：(1864-1928) 德国物理学家。因发现热量辐射的定律而获1911年诺贝尔奖〔Mendel〕Austrian botanist and founder of the science of genetics. Through years of experiments with plants, chiefly garden peas, he discovered the principle of the inheritance of characteristics through the combination of genes from parent cells.孟德尔，格雷戈尔·约翰：(1822-1884) 奥地利植物学家，遗传学之创始人。经过几年的植物实验，主要是对豌豆做的实验，他发现了母体特征之遗传是通过母体细胞之基因组合来实现的这一遗传定律 |
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