| 单词 | 实例 |
| 释义 | 〔immersion〕The act or an instance of immersing.浸没，沉浸：浸没的动作或实例〔descent〕The act or an instance of descending.下降，降落：下降的动作或实例〔difference〕An instance of disparity or unlikeness.相异的实例：不等或不同的实例〔overcall〕An instance of overcalling in bridge.桥牌中争叫过高的实例〔gerrymander〕The act, process, or an instance of gerrymandering.不公正划分选区的行为、过程或实例〔contention〕The act or an instance of striving in controversy or debate.See Synonyms at discord 争辩：在讨论或辩论中据理力争的行为或实例 参见 discord〔duplicity〕An instance of deliberate deceptiveness; double-dealing.有意欺骗的实例；两面派〔cannot〕The construction has sometimes been criticized as a redundancy,but it is by now an established idiom with reputable precedent on its side. ·The expressioncannot (or can't ) seem to has occasionally been criticized as illogical, and so it is. 这一结构有时被指责是一个赘语，但现在它已是一个有规范实例的习惯用法。另一个表达法cannot （或 can't ） 好象 有时被批评为不符合逻辑， 而它确实也是不合逻辑。 〔imposture〕The act or instance of engaging in deception under an assumed name or identity.冒名，欺骗：冒名欺骗的行为或实例〔shootdown〕An instance of such destruction.这种击毁的实例〔inaccuracy〕An instance of being inaccurate; an error.不准确：不准确的实例；错误〔flex〕The act or an instance of flexing; a bending.弯曲：弯曲的行为或实例；弯曲〔breakup〕The act or an instance of breaking up, as a division, dispersal, or disintegration.分散，分离：分离的行为或实例，如分裂、分散或分解〔flight〕The act or an instance of running away; an escape.逃跑：逃跑的行为或实例；逃走〔ribaldry〕Vulgar, lewdly humorous language or joking or an instance of it.下流语言，粗俗幽默：粗鄙的、猥亵的诙谐言语或玩笑或其实例〔spillover〕The act or an instance of spilling over.溢出：溢出的行为或实例〔oblivion〕The act or an instance of forgetting; total forgetfulness:头脑一片空白：遗忘，遗忘的实例；完全忘记：〔wobble〕The act or an instance of wobbling; unsteady motion.前后摇晃：摇摆不定的动作或实例；不稳定的行动〔transformation〕The act or an instance of transforming.转变：转变的动作或实例〔implantation〕The act or an instance of implanting.植入，移植：移植的动作或实例〔consolation〕The act or an instance of consoling.安慰：安慰（他人）的行为或实例〔felicity〕An instance of appropriate and pleasing manner or style.恰当的手法，得体的方式：运用恰当和令人愉快的态度或方式的实例〔example〕One that is representative of a group as a whole:实例：做为整体的一组事物的代表：〔equal〕It has been argued thatequal is an absolute term— two quantities either are or are not equal—and hence cannot be qualified as to degree.Therefore one cannot logically speak ofa more equal allocation of resources among the departments. However, this usage was accepted by 71 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey.What is more, objection to the usage betrays a widespread but questionable assumptionthat it is in mathematics and logic that we find the model of accuracy most appropriate to the everyday use of language,a supposition that also underlies traditional grammatical discussions of words such asunique, parallel, and center. According to this account,the "precise" or "literal" meaning ofequal is realized in the use of the equal sign in an arithmetic expression such as 5 + 2 = 7; and the ordinary-language uses of the term,though they may be permissible,represent "loose" or "imprecise" extensions of that sense.But in fact the mathematical concept of equality is a poor model for using the wordequal to describe relations between things in the world. As applied to such things,statements of equality are always relative to an implicit standard of tolerance.When someone saysThe two boards are of equal length, we assume that the equality is reckoned to some order of approximation determined by the context;if we did not,we would be required always to usenearly equal when speaking of the dimensions of physical objects. What is more,we often want to predicate equality of things that do not admit of quantitative measurement,as when we sayThe college draft was introduced in an effort to make the teams in the National Football League as equal as possible, orThe candidates for the job should all be given equal consideration. In all such cases,equality is naturally a gradient notionand so is amenable to modification in degree.This much is evident from the existence of the wordunequal. The prefixun- attaches only to gradient adjectives: we sayunmanly but not unmale; and the worduneven can be applied to a surface (whose evenness may be a matter of degree) but not to a number (whose evenness is an either-or affair). ·The adverbequally is generally regarded as redundant when used in combination with as, and the following examples employingequally as were termed unacceptable by 63 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey: 单词equal 一向被认为是一个很绝对的词语—— 两个数量要么相同要么不同——这样就不能有程度上的差别。所以，如果有人说在各部门间对资源更公平的分配 ，那么就不合逻辑了。 但是这种用法在早先的用法调查中被百分之七十一用法使用小组的人接受。而且，对这种用法的反对体现出了一种很流行但却值得怀疑的假设，那就是我们从数学和逻辑中得出适用于日常语言准确性的实例，而这种假设也可从我们对一些词，如unique，parallel 和 center 传统的语法讨论中体现出来。 根据这个解释，equal “准确”或“书面”的意思则是由在算术表达式，如5+2=7中所运用的相同的符号而表达清楚的； 而该词在日常语言中的用法，虽然被允许，但却代表了其含意“松散”或“不严谨”的引申。但是实际上用数学概念上的相等来运用equal 这个词描述世上各种事物之间的关系是一个很差劲的例子。 当该词应用于生活中的事物时，相等的观念往往与暗含的容忍相关联。当有人说两块木板同样长 时， 我们会认为由于上下文的关系，相等可以被看作大约近似；如果我们不这样想，那么当我们谈到物体的尺寸时，就要经常使用nearly equal 。 另外，我们常常会预测和数量无关的事物的相同性，比如我们会说，引入大学的要求是为了使全国足球联合会中的各队尽可能平等 ， 或者应给予该项工作的应征者同等的考虑 。 在所有这些例子中，相等是个可变化的概念，所以可在程度有所不同。Unequal 这个词的存在就是很好的证明。 un- 这个前缀只附加于有程序变化的形容词， 我们说unmanly 但不说 unmale ； 而uneven 这个词只能用于某物的表面（其平坦可有程度上的差别）， 而不能用于数目（数目只能说相等或不相等）。Equally 这一副词在与 as 连用时通常被认为是多余的， 在早先的用法调查中，以下这些使用equally as 的句子遭到百分之六十三使用小组的人反对： 〔flinch〕An act or instance of starting, wincing, or recoiling.退缩，畏缩：惊起、退缩或畏缩的行为或实例〔surly〕The fact that the wordsurly means "churlish" nicely indicates its fall in status. Churlish derives from the word churl, which in its Old English form ceorl meant "a man without rank, a member of the lowest rank of freemen,” as well as "peasant" in general. In Old Englishceorl may have been a term of contempt; it certainly became one in Middle English,wherecherl meant "base fellow, boor,” with churlish descending in meaning accordingly. Surly, on the other hand, started its life at the top of the scale but fell just as far. Looking at instances of this word in Middle English and Early Modern English,we see thatsurly was only one spelling for this word, another spelling beingsirly, which makes it clear that it came from the word sir, the term of honor for a knight or for a person of rank or importance in general. Thussirly, the form under which the early spellings of the word are entered in the Oxford English Dictionary, first meant "lordly.” Surly, entered as a separate word in the OED and first recorded in 1566, meant perhaps "lordly, majestic,” in its earliest use,subsequently being used in the sense "masterful, imperious, arrogant.” As the gloss "arrogant" makes clear, the wordsirly could have a negative sense, and it is this area of meaning that is responsible for the current "churlish" sense of the word.surly 意为“粗野的”事实生动地说明了这个词的地位下降。 Churlish 是 churl 的派生词，其古英文形式 ceorl 的意思是“没有爵位的男人，或者是自由民中最低等级的男人”，大概象“农民”一样。 古英语中ceorl 可能含有贬意； 中古英语中肯定是贬意，其cherl 的意思是“卑贱的人，粗野的人”，相应地 churlish 的意思也下降了。 另一方面，Surly 开始是个高尚的字，后来地位同样下降。 从中古英语和早期现代英语中的实例，我们可以看到，surly 的拼法只有一个， 另一个是sirly ，它清楚地表明这个字来自 sir （给于骑士或有等级或有身份的人的尊称）。 因此，sirly 这个字的最初形式记载在 牛津英语词典 中，开始的意思为（有威严的，高傲的）。 Surly 作为另一个字最初于1566年记录在 OED 中， 最初的意思是“老爷的、尊贵的”，以后的意思为“老爷般的、命令式的、傲慢的”。“傲慢”这个字条清楚地说明sirly 可能有过否定的意思， 也正是在这层意义上，它和目前“粗野的”意义有关〔insurgence〕The action or an instance of rebellion; an insurrection.起义叛乱：叛乱的行为或实例；造反〔move〕The act or an instance of moving.移动：移动的行为或移动的实例〔rewrite〕The act or an instance of rewriting.重写的行为或实例〔insufflation〕The act or an instance of insufflating.吹入的行为或实例〔fix〕An instance of arranging a special consideration, such as an exemption from a requirement, or an improper or illegal outcome, especially by means of bribery.贿赂，串通：安排特殊报酬的实例，尤指通过贿赂手段免除某种要求或不正当的、非法的结果〔treachery〕The act or an instance of such betrayal.背叛：这种背叛的行为或实例〔substitution〕The act or an instance of substituting.代替：代替或取代的行为或实例〔marshal〕marshal facts in preparation for an exam.See Synonyms at arrange 为准备考试而列举实例 参见 arrange〔shiver〕An instance of shivering or trembling.哆嗦或颤抖的实例〔filibuster〕An instance of the use of this delaying tactic.阻挠议事的情形：应用这种拖延策略的实例〔shorthand〕A system, a form, or an instance of abbreviated or formulaic reference:简略的表达方法：一种缩略或公式表达的方法，形式或实例：〔elegancy〕Elegance or an instance of it.优雅的事物：幽雅的事物或其实例〔trope〕An instance of this use; a figure of speech.比喻用语：上述用法的一个实例；比喻〔resumption〕The act or an instance of resuming; a beginning again:重新进行：重新进行的行动或实例；又一个开始： |
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