| 单词 | 实用 |
| 释义 | 〔functional〕Designed for or adapted to a particular function or use:实用的：适应某种功能或用途的：〔utility〕The quality or condition of being useful; usefulness:功用，效用：有效用的特征或状态；有用，实用：〔Venturi〕American architect who led the postmodern reaction to functionalism. His eclectic, sometimes humorous designs often incorporate historical references.文丘里，罗伯特·查尔斯：(生于 1925) 美国建筑学家，曾领导了对实用建筑主义的后现代主义反击。他的颇具幽默感及不拘一格的设计通常含有历史参照因素〔shrewd〕Characterized by keen awareness, sharp intelligence, and often a sense of the practical.机敏的，精明的：有敏锐的感知、机敏的智力以及通常为实用感的特征的〔applicative〕Practical; applicatory.实用的；适用的〔paragon〕a suspension bridge that is the nonesuch of beauty and utility;一座成为美观和实用典范的吊桥；〔practical〕Capable of being used or put into effect; useful:实用的，有实用价值的：可用的或起作用的；有用的：〔proverb〕A short, pithy saying in frequent and widespread use that expresses a basic truth or practical precept.See Synonyms at saying 谚语：经常而广泛使用的短小、精悍的格言，表明一个基本的真理或实用的箴言 参见 saying〔Avenzoar〕Spanish-Arab physician and writer whosePractical Manual of Treatments and Diet showed an advanced understanding of the human body based on science rather than speculation. 阿文祖尔：具有西班牙和阿拉伯血统的医生和作家，他的《实用治疗与饮食手册》 阐明了他对人体基于科学而不是臆测的先进的理解 〔LED〕A semiconductor diode that converts applied voltage to light and is used in digital displays, as of a calculator.发光二极管：一种半导体二极管，可将实用电压转变成亮光，用于数字显示，如计算器〔Loewy〕French-born American industrial designer. His practical designs include a 1934 Sears refrigerator and the interiors of NASA spacecraft.洛伊，雷芒德·费尔南德：(1893-1986) 法裔美籍工业设计家。他的实用的设计包括1934年的一台西尔斯冰箱和美国航空和宇宙航行局宇宙飞船的内部构造设计〔Zworykin〕Russian-born American physicist and inventor of the iconoscope (1923), the first practical television camera.兹沃尔金，弗拉基米尔·科斯马：(1889-1982) 俄裔美国物理学家，他发明了光电摄像管(1923年），第一部实用的电视摄像机〔practical〕practical knowledge of Japanese.See Usage Note at practicable 日本人的实用哲学 参见 practicable〔shaker〕Relating to or constituting a style produced by Shakers that is distinctively simple, unornamented, functional, and finely crafted:夏克尔风格的：关于或建立由夏克尔派创立的风格的，其特征为简洁、无装饰、实用并做工精良：〔saying〕Proverb refers to an old and popular saying that illustrates something such as a basic truth or a practical precept: Proverb 是指表达基本事实或实用概念的流行的旧说法： 〔Alexanderson〕Swedish-born American electrical engineer and inventor who demonstrated the first practical television system (1930).亚历山德森，厄恩斯特·弗雷德里克·沃纳：(1878-1975) 瑞典裔美国电气工程师及发明家，他演示了第一套实用电视系统（1930年）〔utilitarian〕plain, utilitarian kitchenware.简单实用的厨具〔furbish〕To restore to attractive or serviceable condition; renovate.刷新，恢复：更新恢复到原来吸引人或实用的状态；整修一新〔outmoded〕No longer usable or practical; obsolete:废弃的：不再有用或实用的；废弃的：〔use〕The quality of being suitable or adaptable to an end; usefulness:适用，实用：适宜或适合某种目的特征；实用：〔utilitarian〕Exhibiting or stressing utility over other values; practical:实用的：显示或强调实用比其他价值更高的；实际的：〔practice〕from Late Latin prācticē [practical] * see practicable 源自 后期拉丁语 prācticē [实际的，实用的] * 参见 practicable〔Rumsey〕American engineer and inventor of a practical steamboat (1787) and steam boiler.拉姆齐，詹姆斯：(1743-1792) 美国工程师，实用汽船(1787年）和蒸汽锅炉的发明者〔applicatory〕Readily applicable; practical.易于使用的；实用的〔Stephenson〕British railway pioneer who built a practical steam locomotive (1814) and the first passenger railway (1825). His sonRobert (1803-1859) built railroads, locomotives, and bridges. 史蒂芬森，乔治：(1781-1848) 英国铁路的先驱，制造了第一辆实用蒸气机车(1814年）并修建了第一条客运铁路(1825年）。他的儿子罗伯特 (1803-1959年）建造铁路、火车并架设桥梁 〔applied〕Put into practice or a particular use:应用的，实用的：投入实践或特定用途的：〔Hyatt〕American inventor who developed celluloid (1868), the first useful plastic.海厄特，约翰·韦斯利：(1837-1920) 美国发明家，1868年制造出赛璐璐，这是最早的实用塑料制品〔realpolitik〕real [practical] from Late Latin reālis [real] * see real 1real [实用的] 源自 后期拉丁语 reālis [真实的] * 参见 real1〔practical〕Concerned with the production or operation of something useful:可用的，实用的：有关有用事物的生产或操作的：〔useful〕a useful job; useful members of society.实用的工作；社会的栋梁之才〔economic〕Of or relating to the practical necessities of life; material:实用的：有关实际生活必需品的；物质的：〔practicable〕from Greek praktikē [feminine of] praktikos [practical] * see practica 源自 希腊语 praktikē praktikos的阴性词 [实际的，实用的] * 参见 practica〔practical〕Manifested in or involving practice:可实现的，实用的：在实践中显示的或牵涉到实践的：〔hopefully〕And though this use ofhopefully may have been a vogue word when it first gained currency 30 years ago, it has long since lost any taint of jargon or pretentiousness for the general reader.The well-attested acceptance of the usage reflects an implicit popular recognition of its usefulness;there is no precise substitute.Someone who saysHopefully, the treaty will be ratified makes a hopeful prediction about the fate of the treaty,whereas someone who saysI hope (or We hope or It is hoped ) the treaty will be ratified expresses a bald statement about what is desired. Only the latter could be continued with a clause such asbut it isn't likely. · It might have been expected, then, that the initial flurry of objections tohopefully would have subsided once the usage became well established. Instead, increased currency of the usage appears only to have made the critics more adamant.In the 1969 Usage Panel survey the usage was acceptable to 44 percent of the Panel;in the most recent survey it was acceptable to only 27 percent.(By contrast, 60 percent accepted the analogous use ofmercifully in the sentence Mercifully, the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score. ) Yet the Panel has not shown any signs of becoming generally more conservative:in the very same survey panelists were disposed to accept once-vilified usagessuch as the employment ofcontact and host as verbs. · It seems that this use ofhopefully has been made a litmus test, which distinguishes writers who take an active interest in questions of grammar or usage from the great mass of people who keep their own linguistic counsel.No one can be blamed who useshopefully in blithe ignorance of the critics' disdain for it, since the rule could not be derived from any general concern for clarity or precision.But writers who are aware of the critical controversy face a more delicate decision.Some will simply flout the rule,seeing no reason that they should be deprived of a useful construction.Others may choose to avoid the usage,whether they are motivated by discretion or civility. ·Like other sentence adverbs such asbluntly and happily, hopefully may occasionally be ambiguous. In the sentenceHopefully, the company has launched a new venture, the word hopefully might be construed as describing the point of view of either the speaker or the subject. Such ambiguities can be resolved either by repositioning the adverb (as inThe company has launched the new venture hopefully ) or by choosing a paraphrase ( One may hope that the company has launched the new venture ). 尽管hopefully 的这一用法在30年前首次通用的时候曾是个时兴词， 但对于广大读者来说它早已失去了俚语或矫饰的色彩。屡经证实的对这一用法的接受反映了对其实用性的普遍默认；而且并不存在其他精确的代用词。有人如果说但愿条约能被批准 ， 便是对条约的命运作了充满希望的预测，反之如果有人说我希望 （或 我们希望 或 希望 ) 条约将会被批准 则表达了对其期望之物的大胆声明。 只有后者可以接从句象但这不大可能 。 也许我们本可以期待当这一用法已变得根深蒂固之后， 对hopefully 的一片反对声可稍事平息。 然而，这一用法的流行似乎反而使批评家们更为坚定。在1969年用法调查使用小组的调查中44%的成员接受这一用法；在最近一次的调查中却只有27%的成员接受。（相比之下，60%的人接受mercifully 在句子 幸好，在对手能够给这一边倒的比分再加上一分之前，比赛就结束了 中的类似用法） 但是并没有任何迹象表明调查小组成员正在普遍变得更保守：在同一次调查中小组成员们倾向于接受被一度废除的某些用法，如把contact 和 host 用作动词看来。 似乎hopefully 的用法已经成了一块试金石， 它把对语法和用法怀有浓厚兴趣的作家和保留着他们自己的语言学顾问的广大民众区分开来。那些全然忽视批评家们的蔑视使用hopefully 的人不该受到指责， 因为规则并不来源于任何对清晰和精确的关注。但是意识到了批评界争议的作者们面对着一个更为微妙的决定。有些人干脆违反规则，他们认为没有理由要失去这么一个实用的结构。另外一些人则选择避免这一用法，无论其动机是出于谨慎还是出于礼貌。象许多其它句中副词如bluntly 和 happily一样，hopefully 经常出现歧义。 在下句 Hopefully, the company has launched a new venture 中， hopefully 一词可以解释为记述说话者的观点或者句中主语的观点。 这种歧义可以通过调换副词位置（如公司已经满怀希望地到办了一个新企业 )或选择另一种说法( 有人希望这个公司已经创办了一个新企业 )来消除 〔practically〕In a way that is practical.实用地，实际地：通过实用的方式〔practicable〕Usable for a specified purpose:实用的，适用的：能实际使用的：〔Fulton〕American engineer and inventor who developed the first useful submarine and torpedo (1800) and produced the first practical steamboat, theClermont (1807). 富尔顿，罗伯特：(1765-1815) 美国工程师和发明家，发明了第一艘实用潜艇和鱼雷（1800年）和制造了第一艘可航行汽船克莱蒙脱 （1807年） 〔cheese〕from Old Persian *ciš-ciy [something] * see k wo- 源自 古波斯语 *ciš-ciy [实用之物] * 参见 k wo- 〔realist〕One who is inclined to literal truth and pragmatism.现实主义者：注重确确实实的事实和实用的人〔realism〕An inclination toward literal truth and pragmatism.现实态度：注重确确实实的事实和实用的倾向 |
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