| 单词 | 实证论 |
| 释义 | 〔positivism〕"Positivism became the ‘scientific’ base for authoritarian politics, especially in Mexico and Brazil"(Raymond Carr)“实证论成为极权政治的‘科学’基础，尤指在墨西哥及巴西”(雷蒙·卡尔)〔positivism〕The system of Auguste Comte designed to supersede theology and metaphysics and depending on a hierarchy of the sciences, beginning with mathematics and culminating in sociology.实证论：为超越神学及玄学而创设的奥古斯都孔德体系，这一体系以科学的等级为依据，以数学为基础而以社会学为最高级〔Carnap〕German-born American philosopher whose antimetaphysical views, set forth in such works asThe Logical Structure of the World (1928) and The Logical Foundations of Probability (1950), were central to the development of logical positivism. 卡纳普，鲁道夫：德裔美籍哲学家，其反形而上学观点是逻辑实证论发展的核心，体现在作品《世界的逻辑结构》 （1928年）和 《或然性的逻辑基础》 （1950年） 〔positivism〕Any of several doctrines or viewpoints, often similar to Comte's, that stress attention to actual practice over consideration of what is ideal:实证论：通常与孔德的体系相似的一种主义或观点，它们都强调对理想事物因素的实践：〔Russell〕British philosopher, mathematician, social critic, and writer who had profound influence on the development of symbolic logic, logical positivism, and the set theory of mathematics. His written works includePrincipia Mathematica (1910-1913), written with Alfred North Whitehead, and A History of Western Philosophy (1945). He won the 1950 Nobel Prize for literature. 罗素，贝特朗·阿瑟·威廉：(1872-1970) 英国哲学家、数学家、社会评论家和作家。他对于符号逻辑、逻辑实证论和数学的体论体系的发展有很深的影响。他的书面作品有：《数学原理》 （1910-1913），与阿尔弗雷德·诺斯·怀特海合著和 《西方哲学史》 （1945年）。他获1950年诺贝尔文学奖 |
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