| 单词 | 实际的 |
| 释义 | 〔criticize〕criticized the decision as unrealistic.See Usage Note at critique 批评这个决定是不合实际的 参见 critique〔substantive〕Not imaginary; actual; real.真实的，实际的〔idealist〕One who is unrealistic and impractical; a visionary.空想家：不现实和不实际的人；幻想者〔chagrin〕The ultimate etymology of the wordchagrin, which comes directly to us from French, is considered uncertain by many etymologists. At one timechagrin was thought to be the same word as shagreen, "a leather or skin with a rough surface,” derived from French chagrin. The reasoning wasthat in French the word for this rough material, which was used to smooth and polish things,was extended to the notion of troubles that fret and annoy a person.It was later decided, however,that the sense "rough leather" and the sense "sorrow" each belonged to a different French wordchagrin. Other etymologists have offered an alternative explanation,suggesting that the French wordchagrin, "sorrow,” is a loan translation of the German word Katzenjammer, "a morning-after-the-night-before feeling.” A loan translation is a type of borrowing from another languagein which the elements of a foreign word,as inKatzen, "cats,” and Jammer, "distress, seediness,” are assumed to be translated literally by corresponding elements in another language,in this case,chat, "cat,” and grigner, "to grimace.” The actual etymology is less colorful,with the word probably going back to a Germanic word,.gramī, meaning "sorrow, trouble.”Chagrin is first recorded in English in 1656 in the now obsolete sense "anxiety, melancholy.”我们从法语直接借用的词chagrin 的最终词源被许多词源学家认为是不能确定的。 Charin 曾经被认为和由法语词 chagrin 派生出来的 shagreen “有粗糙表面的皮革或皮肤”是同一个词。 理由是，这种粗糙材料是用来打磨和抛光物品用的，法语里的这个词被引申到有了使人懊恼和烦恼的意思。但后来才确定，“粗糙的皮革”的含义和“沮丧”的含义分属于一个不同的法语词chagrin 。 别的词源学家提出了另外一种解释，说法语词chagrin “沮丧”是借译于日耳曼语词 Katzenjammer “醉后的难受感”。 借译是借用另一种语言，即外语词的成分，如Katzen “猫”，和 Jammer “沮丧，不舒服”， 并照那种语言的对应成分直译过来，在这种情况下为chat “猫”和 grigner “做怪相”。 实际的语源没有这么富于趣味，这个词极可能要追溯到日耳曼语词grami ， 意思为“愁苦，麻烦”。Chagrin 第一次出现在英语里有记载的时间是在1656年， 当时的含义“焦虑，忧郁”现已过时不用〔plat〕A map showing actual or planned features, such as streets and building lots.地图：标示一块土地上实际的或计划的区划，如街道和建筑物区的地图〔use〕 Utilize is especially appropriate in the narrower sense of making something profitable or of finding new and practical uses for it: Utilize 更适合指使某事有利可图或寻找某物新的和实际的用法这种较狭窄的意思： 〔practicum〕from Late Latin prācticum [neuter of] prācticus [practical] * see practical 源自 后期拉丁语 prācticum prācticus的中性 [实际的，实践的] * 参见 practical〔divorce〕an idea that was completely divorced from reality.See Synonyms at separate 完全脱离实际的想法 参见 separate〔base〕 Ground may denote an actual working surface,as in art(a white design on a blue ground) ; more often it is used figuratively in the sense of a justifiable reason: Ground 表示一种实际的起作用的表面，如在艺术中（蓝底上的白色图案） ； 经常更多地用作比喻，表示合理的原因、正当的依据或理由： 〔virtual〕Existing or resulting in essence or effect though not in actual fact, form, or name:实质上的，实际上的：虽然没有实际的事实、形式或名义，但在实际上或效果上存在或产生的：〔actuality〕The state or fact of being actual; reality.See Synonyms at existence 现实存在：实际的状态或事件；现实 参见 existence〔clever〕These adjectives are compared as they refer to mental adroitness or to practical ingenuity and skill.这些形容词在表示心地机智灵敏或实际的独创性和能力上有所区别。〔practice〕from Late Latin prācticē [practical] * see practicable 源自 后期拉丁语 prācticē [实际的，实用的] * 参见 practicable〔grievance〕An actual or supposed circumstance regarded as just cause for protest.不平之事，委屈：被认为是抗议的合理理由的一种实际的或设想中的情况〔pragmatism〕A practical, matter-of-fact way of approaching or assessing situations or of solving problems.实用性，实用观点：分析、估计形势或解决问题的实际的、可行的方法〔pratique〕ultimately from Greek praktikē [from feminine of] praktikos [practical] * see practical 最终源自 希腊语 praktikē 源自praktikos的阴性词 [实际的] * 参见 practical〔university〕The universe in the worduniversity is not the universe as we know it, thoughuniversity is derived from the ancestor of our word universe. This ancestor, Latinūniversus, was made up of ūnus, "one,” and versus, "in a specified direction.” Universus thus literally meant "in one specified direction" but actually meant "the whole of, entire,” and "regarded as a whole, regarded as a group.”Universum, the neuter singular of ūniversus, used as a noun, meant "the universe,”as did the derivativeūniversitās, which also meant "a corporate body of persons, community.” During the Middle Ages, when Latin continued to be used in areas such as government, religion, and education,the wordūniversitās was applied to the new corporate bodies of teachers and students, as at Salerno, Paris, and Oxford, that were the ancestors of our universities of today.Our worduniversity, going back to the Latin word, is first recorded around 1300, with reference to this corporate body.University 一词中的"universe"并不是我们所知道的宇宙这个词， 虽然university 是由我们的 universe 这个词的前身派生而来的。 这一前身，即拉丁文中的universus 是由表示“一”的 unus 和表示“沿着某一特定的方向”的 versus 构成的。 Universus 字面上的意思因此就是“沿着一个特定的方向”， 但它实际的意思却是“整个、全部”和“被视为一个整体的，被视为一个群体的”。Universum ，是 universus 的中性单数形式， 用作名词时指“宇宙”，同样派生词universitas 也指“一群个人的联合体，社团”。 在中世纪，拉丁文继续在诸如政府、宗教和教育等领域得到使用，universitas 这个词被用来指由教师和学生所构成的新联合体，比如在萨勒诺、巴黎和牛津出现的这种联合体， 而这类联合体即是我们今天的大学的最初形式。我们今天的university 这个词可以上溯到拉丁词， 它首次被记录下来是在大约1300年，当时就是用来指这种联合体〔hard〕brought some hard common sense to the discussion.将实际的常识带到讨论中来〔closet〕Based on theory and speculation rather than practice.不实际的：建于理论和推测之上而非实践的〔quixotic〕Caught up in the romance of noble deeds and the pursuit of unreachable goals; idealistic without regard to practicality.堂吉珂德式的：沉湎于传奇故事中崇高业绩并追求无法实现的目标的；不考虑到实际的观念的〔impracticable〕Impracticable applies to a course of action that is impossible to carry out or put into practice;impractical, though it can be used in this way, also can be weaker in sense,suggesting that the course of action would yield an insufficient return or would have little practical value.A plan for a new baseball stadium might be rejected asimpracticable if the site was too marshy to permit safe construction; but if the objection was merely that the site was too remote for patrons to attend games easily,the plan would better be described asimpractical. See Usage Note at practicable Impracticable 用于不可能实行或行不通的动作过程；impractical 虽然也能这样用， 但也有较弱意思的用法，指动作过程能产生不足的回报或者几乎没有实际的价值。如果建筑地点过于湿软而不能保证稳固的建筑，那么修建棒球体育场的计划就可能因其impracticable （不可行）而遭到反对； 但是如果反对的理由仅仅是场址太偏远而使得爱好者们不能轻易到场观看比赛的话，这个计划还是应该被看成是impractical（不切实际的） 参见 practicable〔practical〕Of, relating to, governed by, or acquired through practice or action, rather than theory, speculation, or ideals:实践的，实际的：实践或行动的，而不是理论、猜测或理想的，与实践或行动有关的，由实践和行动控制的，通过实践和行动获得的：〔specie〕From (in) specie [(in) the actual form] 源自 (in) specie [（以）实际的形式] 〔impractical〕Not a part of experience, fact, or practice; theoretical.理论的：不属于经验、事实或实际的；理论上的〔pragmatic〕Dealing or concerned with facts or actual occurrences; practical.实际的，实干的：讲究事实或实际的；重实效的〔perspective〕The ability to perceive things in their actual interrelations or comparative importance:洞察力：在实际的相互关系或相对重要性上感觉事物的能力：〔superstructure〕A physical or conceptual structure extended or developed from a basic form.上部结构：从一基本结构延伸出来或发展而来的实际的或概念上的结构〔practicable〕from Greek praktikē [feminine of] praktikos [practical] * see practica 源自 希腊语 praktikē praktikos的阴性词 [实际的，实用的] * 参见 practica〔pacification〕Practical measures or policy aiming to effect this type of submission.安抚手段：实际的措施或政策，以期实施这种安定〔businesslike〕The couple maintained a businesslike attitude toward their divorce.这对夫妇以一种实际的态度对待他们的离婚〔real〕True and actual; not imaginary, alleged, or ideal:实际存在的：真的及实际的；非想象、推测的或理想化的：〔hard〕Free from illusion or bias; practical:公正的，实际的：抛开幻想和偏见的；实际的：〔life〕Actual environment or reality; nature.世事：实际的环境或现实；自然〔actual〕Existing and not merely potential or possible.See Synonyms at real 1事实上的，实际的：存在着的，不仅仅是潜在的或可能的 参见 real1〔underprice〕To price lower than the real, normal, or appropriate value.定低价：低于实际的、正常的或合适的价值定价〔practical〕Being actually so in almost every respect; virtual:实质上的：几乎在每一方面都实际的；实质上的：〔exaggerate〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to represent something as being larger or greater than it actually is": 这些动词所共有的中心意思是“把某事物描述得比实际的更大”： 〔concrete〕Of or relating to an actual, specific thing or instance; particular:具体的：实际的、特定的事物或事例的，或与之有关的；具体的：〔nonviable〕a nonviable idea.一个不实际的想法〔utilitarian〕Exhibiting or stressing utility over other values; practical:实用的：显示或强调实用比其他价值更高的；实际的： |
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