| 单词 | 宣称 |
| 释义 | 〔Palestine〕A historical region of southwest Asia between the eastern Mediterranean shore and the Jordan River roughly coextensive with modern Israel and the West Bank. Occupied since prehistoric times, it has been ruled by Hebrews, Egyptians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, and Turks. A British League of Nations mandate oversaw the affairs of the area from 1920 until 1948, when Israel declared itself a separate state and the West Bank territory was awarded to Jordan. Israel occupied the Jordanian area west of the Jordan River in 1967. In November 1988 the Palestine Liberation Organization under Yasir Arafat declared its intention of forming an Arab state of Palestine, probably including the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the Arab sector of Jerusalem.巴勒斯坦，“圣地”：历史上西南亚的一个地区，位于地中海东岸和约旦河之间，大致相当于现在的以色列和约旦河西岸。从史前时代开始，它曾被希伯来人、埃及人、罗马人、拜占庭人、阿拉伯人和土耳其人统治。从1920年到1948，大布列颠民族联盟委任监管这一区事务，当时以色列宣称独立并且约旦河西部地区划归约旦。1967年以色列占领了约旦该地区领土。1988年11月，巴勒斯坦解放组织在亚瑟、阿拉法特的领导下宣布了它们建立一个巴勒斯坦的阿拉伯国家的意向，可能包括约旦河西岸、加沙走廊以及耶路撒冷的阿拉伯部分〔state〕To set forth in words; declare.宣称：用话语表达出来；宣称〔cult〕A usually nonscientific method or regimen claimed by its originator to have exclusive or exceptional power in curing a particular disease.拜神驱病法：通常为一种非科学的方法或疗法，其创始人宣称该法对治愈某一特殊疾病具有唯一的或独特的疗效〔Henson〕American explorer who accompanied Peary on seven Arctic expeditions, including the 1909 expedition that claimed to have first reached the North Pole.汉森，马修·亚历山大：美国探险家，他曾经随皮尔里参加过七次极地远征探险，包括1909年宣称首度到达北极的探险〔predicatory〕from praedicāre [to proclaim] * see preach 源自 praedicāre [宣称] * 参见 preach〔pronounce〕To declare one's opinion; make a pronouncement:发表意见：宣称某人自己的看法；宣称：〔say〕To state as one's opinion or judgment; declare:宣称：作为某人的意见或判断而陈述；宣称：〔root〕"declared that waste and fraud will be vigorously rooted out of Government"(New York Times)“宣称要强有力地铲除政府中的挥霍和欺诈现象”(纽约时报)〔allege〕To assert without or before proof:辩解，声称：在没有证据或得到证据之前宣称：〔Titoism〕The post-World War II Communist policies and practices associated with Marshal Tito, especially the assertion by a Communist nation of its interests independently of or in opposition to the Soviet Union.铁托主义：二次世界大战以后一种与铁托元帅联系在一起的共产主义政策和实践，特指一个共产主义国家宣称自己利益独立于苏联或与苏联对立〔lay〕To assert positively and often arrogantly.发号施令：肯定且通常是傲慢地宣称〔Newfoundland〕A province of eastern Canada including the island ofNewfoundland and nearby islands and the mainland area of Labrador with its adjacent islands. Newfoundland joined the confederation in 1949. Vikings probably visited the region c. 1000, but the area was not known to European fishermen and explorers until John Cabot's voyages in the late 15th century. England claimed Newfoundland in 1583, although the claims were disputed by France until the Treaty of Paris (1763). The province of Quebec continued to claim Labrador until 1927. St. John's is the capital and the largest city. Population, 567,681. 纽芬兰：加拿大东部的一个省，包括纽芬兰岛 和附近岛屿以及拉布多的主要陆地和附属岛屿。纽芬兰1949年加入联盟。北欧海盗可能在公元1000年到过此地，但是欧洲的渔民和探险家到15世纪晚期约翰·开普特的运航之后才知道这个地区。1583年英格兰宣称纽芬兰属英国，尽管这个宣告在《巴黎和约》(1763年）前一直遭到法国的反对。魁北克省在1927年前一直宣布占有拉布拉多。圣·约翰是纽芬兰的首都和最大城市。人口567,681 〔soothsayer〕One who claims to be able to foretell events or predict the future; a seer.预言者：宣称能预知未来事件或预言未来的人；先知〔enthusiasm〕When the English philospher Henry More stated in a work published in 1660 that "If ever Christianity be exterminated, it will be by Enthusiasme,”he clearly used the word differently from the way we do now.He was also using a meaning that differed from the first sense, "possession by a god,” recorded in English (1603). Enthusiasm and this sense of the word go back to the Greek wordenthousiasmos, which ultimately comes from the adjectiveentheos, "having the god within,” formed fromen-, "in, within,” and theos, "god.” Henry More in 1660 was referring to belief, either mistaken or unsupported by evidence, in one's own inspiration by the Christian God. Enthusiasm, as now most frequently used,has become secularized and at times weakened,so that one can speak of an enthusiasm for fast cars.当英国哲学家亨利·摩尔在其1660 年出版的一部书中宣称“如果基督教会消亡，那必因宗教的狂热”时，他使用该词显然不同于当今的用法。他所用的意思与第一种含义，英语中的“神灵感应”(1603年）也有所不同。 Enthusiasm 及其含义可追溯到希腊词enthousiasmos， 该词完全由形容词entheos 而来， 意为“心中有神灵，它由en-， 表“在…里”，和 theos-， 意为“神”构成。 亨利·摩尔在1660 年所指的是错误地或毫无根据地相信得到了基督教上帝的启示。 Enthusiasm 现在被经常使用，它的含义已脱离宗教的影响并不断弱化，现在我们可以说对开快车的狂热〔Platonism〕The philosophy of Plato, especially insofar as it asserts ideal forms as an absolute and eternal reality of which the phenomena of the world are an imperfect and transitory reflection.柏拉图哲学：柏拉图的哲学，尤指宣称理念形式是绝对的和永恒的实在，而世界中实在的现象却是不完美的和暂时的反映〔accredit〕To attest to and approve as meeting a prescribed standard.See Synonyms at approve 鉴定合格，确认达标：宣称并证明达到规定的标准 参见 approve〔pronounce〕pronounced the legislature to be in session; was pronounced dead on arrival.宣称议会正在开会；一到达时即被宣布死亡〔Sumatra〕An island of western Indonesia in the Indian Ocean south of the Malay Peninsula. Visited by Marco Polo c. 1292, the island came under Dutch control in the 17th century although the English continued to press territorial claims. Sumatra joined newly independent Indonesia in 1949.苏门答腊岛：印度尼西亚西部一岛屿，位于马来半岛南部、印度洋沿岸。 马可波罗于1292年游访过该岛，17世纪荷兰人控制了该岛，尽管英国人继续宣称是它的领土，但在1949年苏门答腊岛就加入了独立不久的印度尼西亚〔anthroposophy〕The doctrines and beliefs of a modern religious sect derived from theosophy and claiming to develop knowledge and realization of spiritual reality.人智学：由神智学发展出来的现代宗教派别的教条和信仰，宣称要发展关于精神实在的知识和理解〔claim〕To state to be true, especially when open to question; assert or maintain:断言，宣称：声称正确，尤指面对质疑时；极力主张或坚持：〔story〕A report, a statement, or an allegation of facts.报道：报道，陈述或对事实的宣称〔pretender〕One who sets forth a claim, especially a claimant to a throne.妄求者、觊觎王位者：认为自己有某种权利的人，尤指宣称自己是国王的人〔antipope〕A person claiming to be or elected pope in opposition to the one chosen by church law, as during a schism.伪教皇：在教会分立中宣称教皇或被选为教皇的人，与教会律法选出的教皇对立〔immaterialism〕A metaphysical doctrine asserting the nonexistence of corporeal reality.非物质论：一种形而上学的教义，宣称物质现实的不存在〔march〕A tract of land bordering on two countries and claimed by both.有争议的边界地区：两国都宣称拥有主权的两国之间的一块土地〔hype〕Exaggerated or extravagant claims made especially in advertising or promotional material:广告，夸大的诉求：夸张或过分的宣称，尤其用在做广告或促销物品：〔predicate〕from Latin [to proclaim] 源自 拉丁语 [宣称] 〔allegation〕The act of alleging.宣称：宣称的行为〔declare〕To proclaim one's support, choice, opinion, or resolution.See Synonyms at assert 宣称：表态支持，表明自己的选择、主张或决心 参见 assert〔chiliasm〕The doctrine stating that Jesus will reign on earth for 1,000 years.千禧年说：宣称耶稣统治地球一千年的教义〔declare〕To state emphatically or authoritatively; affirm.声称：强调性地或权威式地宣称；断言〔ax〕He claimed to be disinterested, but I knew he had an ax to grind.他宣称无私利，但我知道他另有企图〔aver〕To affirm positively; declare.See Synonyms at assert 断言：肯定地确认；宣称 参见 assert〔real〕 Real implies that something is genuine or authentic or that what it seems or purports to be tallies with fact: Real 暗指某事物是真实的或货真价实的，或指看上去或宣称与事实吻合的东西： 〔Louisiana〕A state of the southern United States on the Gulf of Mexico. It was admitted as the 18th state in 1812. Part of the vast region claimed by La Salle for France in 1682, it was first successfully settled in 1718 with the foundation of New Orleans. Control of the area passed to the United States in 1803, and the Territory of Orleans was created in 1804 when the northern part was split off to form the District of Louisiana (later the Territory of Louisiana and the Missouri Territory). Baton Rouge is the capital and New Orleans the largest city. Population, 4,238,216.路易斯安那：美国南部墨西哥湾的一个州，1812年被承认为美国第十八个州。作为被拉萨尔1682年宣称为法国领地的广阔地域的一部分，最初是在1718年随着新奥尔良的建立而被确定的。1803年美国获得了对该地区的控制权。1804年当北部分离出去形成路易斯安那区时，奥尔良准州被创立（后来有路易斯安那准州和密苏里准州）。培顿罗治是其首府，新奥尔良是其最大的城市。人口4,238,216〔moot〕This usage may be originally the result of a misinterpretation of its legal sense in phrasessuch asa moot question. A number of critics have objected to this use,but it was accepted by 59 percent of the Usage Panelin the sentenceThe nominee himself chastised the White House for failing to do more to support him, but his concerns became moot when a number of Republicans announced that they, too, would oppose the nomination. 起初这种用法可能是它在法律意义误释的结果，如在短语一个不重要的问题 中， 许多评论家反对这一用法，可是它被用法小组59%的成员所接受，并出现于被提名者本人强烈谴责白宫没能更多地支持他， 但是当一些共和党人宣称他也将反对此次提名时，他就变得不那么重要了一句中 〔Kossuth〕Hungarian revolutionary leader who sought Hungary's independence from Austria. Declaring the Hapsburg dynasty invalid, he briefly led a provisional government (1849) until Russia interceded on Austria's behalf.科苏特，拉约斯：(1802-1894) 匈牙利革命领导人，他为匈牙利脱离奥地利获得独立不懈努力，宣称哈布斯堡王朝灭亡，他曾作过很短一段时间的临时政府首脑(1849年） ，直到俄国代表奥地利进行干预〔jurisdiction〕dictiō dictiōn- [declaration] from dictus [past participle of] dīcere [to say] * see deik- dictiō dictiōn- [声明，宣称] 源自 dictus dīcere的过去分词 [说话] * 参见 deik- 〔Kali〕One of the manifestations and cult titles of the wife of Shiva and mother goddess Devi, especially in her malevolent role as a goddess of death and destruction, depicted as black, red-eyed, blood-stained, and wearing a necklace of skulls.时母：湿婆神（大自在天）的妻子及村庄女神所宣称及崇拜的神祇名称之一，尤其是她身为死亡及破坏女神邪恶的角色，被描绘成皮肤漆黑，红眼，沾满血渍并挂着骷髅头项链的样子〔minimal〕Under the strict interpretation ofminimal, this sentence should mean only "Alcohol has an unpleasant effect when I have eaten nothing.”If the looser interpretation is allowed, however,the sentence can also mean “ . . . when I have eaten a bit.”Presented with the sentence, 29 percent of the Usage Panel said that it could have only the "eaten nothing" (that is, the strict) interpretation;34 percent said that it could have only the "eaten a bit" (that is, the looser) interpretation;and 37 percent said that it could have either meaning.Thus the looser sense ofminimal is accepted by 71 percent of the Panel and must be considered acceptable in nontechnical use. · In an analogous shift,the verbminimize is often used to mean "to reduce,” an extension of its strict etymological sense of "to reduce to the smallest possible level.”This looser usage is the result of the imprecision that usually attaches to the use of the verb in most nontechnical contexts.When a manager announces thatThe company wants to minimize the risk of accidents to line workers, we naturally interpret the manager as meaning that the risk is to be reduced to the smallest level consistent with considerations of efficiency and cost,not that risks are to be reduced to the lowest level logically possible.Even when used with allowable imprecision, however, the verbminimize should carry some implication that the relevant quantity is reduced as much as could reasonably be expected in the circumstances.Thusminimize retains at least an approximately superlative sense and so is inconsistent with modification by adverbs such asgreatly or considerably, which imply that the verb is being used as a simple synonym forlessen or reduce. 若句中的minimal 的意思比较严格， 那么这一句就只能理解为“当我什么没吃时喝酒会搞得我很难受。”但是如果比较宽泛的词义得到承认，那么这一句同时也有“…当我吃过一点东西时”这层意思。百分之二十九的用法专题使用小组成员认为这一词只能当“什么都不吃”（即严格意义上的词义）来讲；百分之三十四的成员说它只有“吃过一点”（即宽泛一些的）词义；百分之三十七的成员说两种含义都可适用。所以minimal 宽泛的含义被用法专题使用小组的百分之七十一的成员接受。 与其相类似的是，动词minimize 经常被用来指“减少”， 是其“减少到最可能小的水平”的严格意义上的延伸。这一较宽泛的含义是非技术性文章使用这一动词的不精确性而带来的结果。当一个经理宣称公司试图将生产线上工人面临出事故的风险降至最低， 我们自然会认为经理的意思是工厂的事故风险将被降至一个同时又考虑效率和成本的最小程度，而不是逻辑上可以达到的最低程度。即使在可以允许不精确的程度内使用时，动词mininize 也应有一层隐含的意思， 即其相对数量已被减少到了情况所期望的合理的程度。这样，minimize 至少仍然保留着一种大致为最高级的意思， 因而它与这些副词如greatly 或 considerably 不能搭配使用， 因为这些副词暗示着这一动词被当成了lessen 或 reduce 简单同义词而使用 |
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