| 单词 | 家人 |
| 释义 | 〔Noah〕In the Old Testament, the patriarch who was chosen by God to build an ark, in which he, his family, and a pair of every animal were saved from the Flood.诺亚：在旧约圣经中，被上帝选去建造方舟的大主教，藉此方舟，诺亚、其家人以及每种动物各一对，在大洪水中保全了性命〔Frank〕German Jewish diarist who fled from Nazi Germany to Amsterdam with her family (1933) and kept a diary during her years in hiding (1942-1944). She and her family were captured (August 1944) and sent to concentration camps. Anne died of typhus in the camp at Belsen. Her diary was published in 1947.弗兰克，安妮：(1929-1945) 德国犹太人，日记作者，随其家人(1933年）从纳粹德国飞往阿姆斯特丹，那段岁月里她一直藏着她的日记(1942-1944年）。她及家人被捕(1944年8月）并被送往集中营。安妮在贝尔森的集中营里死于斑疹伤寒。她的日记在1947年被出版〔pity〕We extended our condolences to the bereaved family.我们向死难者的家人表示哀悼：〔boycott〕Charles C. Boycott seems to have been forced by his strong sense of duty into becoming a household word.Boycott was the estate agent of the Earl of Erne in County Mayo, Ireland.The earl was one of the absentee landowners who as a group held most of the land in Ireland.Boycott was chosen in the fall of 1880 to be the test case for a new policy advocated by Charles Parnell, an Irish politician who wanted land reform.Any landlord who would not charge lower rents or any tenant who took over the farm of an evicted tenant would be given the complete cold shoulder by Parnell's supporters.Boycott, a former British soldier, refused to charge lower rents and ejected his tenants.At this point members of Parnell's Irish Land League stepped in,and Boycott and his family found themselves isolated—without servants, farmhands, service in stores, or mail delivery.Boycott's name was quickly adopted as the term for this treatment,not just in English but in other languages such as French, Dutch, German, and Russian.查理斯·C·博伊考特看来是因为其强烈的责任感而成为一个家喻户晓的词。博伊考特是爱尔兰麦奥县俄内伯爵的房地产经纪人。俄内是占有爱尔兰大部分土地的不在地主集团中的一员。博伊考特于1880年秋季被选为一项新政策的试点，此项政策是由一个企图进行土地改革的爱尔兰政治家──查理斯·帕内尔提出的。那些不愿降低地租的地主或接管被驱逐佃户土地的佃农都被帕内尔的支持者疏远。作为原英军士兵的博伊考特，拒绝收取低地租并且驱逐佃户。此时帕内尔爱尔兰土地联盟成员插手了，博伊考特及其家人发现他们被孤立了──没有仆人，农业工人，得不到商店服务，也没有人送信。博伊考特的名字很快就被用作这种对待方法的专有名词，不仅用于在英语中，而且也用于如法语、荷兰语、德语和俄语的其他语言中〔flesh〕One's family; kin.家人：某人的家人；亲属〔Alexandra〕Last czarina of Russia (1894-1917). The wife of Nicholas II, she was influenced by Rasputin and meddled in politics. After the Bolshevik revolution, she and her family were imprisoned and executed.亚历山德拉：俄罗斯末代沙皇之妻（1894-1917年）。作为尼古拉二世的妻子，她受到了拉斯普廷的影响并参与了政治活动。布尔什维克革命后与其家人一同被捕入狱，后被处死〔people〕Family, relatives, or ancestors.家人，亲戚，祖先〔piety〕Devotion and reverence to parents and family:孝顺，孝敬：对父母和家人的爱和恭敬：〔commit〕She confided her plans to her family. Torelegate is to assign to a specific and especially an inferior category or position: 她把自己的计划吐露给家人。 relegate 是分配给一定的和特殊的下级类别和位置： 〔less〕had less time to spend with the family.有较少时间和家人在一起〔underling〕People trying to build their vocabulary often study affixes,a not unreasonable way to proceed.But studying a group of words that share an affix can be fascinating in its own right in the way that studying common features in a photograph of an extended family can be fascinating.The suffix-ling is Germanic in origin and had several uses already in Old English.For example, it could be added to a noun to make a second noun that referred to something connected with or similar to the first noun;thus, adding the suffix to the Old English wordyrth, "ploughland,” produced the Old English word yrthling, "plowman.” The suffix could also be added to an adjective to make a noun that referred to something having the quality denoted by the adjective:from Old Englishdēore, "dear, beloved,” was derived dēorling (Modern English darling ). Adding-ling to an adverb produced a noun referring to something having the position or condition denoted by the adverb: from Old Englishunder came underling. The last use of the-ling family to be described here was actually borrowed from another Germanic source, Old Norse. The Old Norse version of the-ling suffix was used to form diminutives; thus, our wordgosling was a borrowing in Middle English of an Old Norse word, gæslingr, "gosling.” 想要扩大词汇量的人常常去研究词缀，这不失为一种明智的方式。就象研究一个扩大了的家庭的照片中家人的共同特征一样吸引人，研究一组词缀相同的单词本身可能也会令人意醉神迷。-ling 这一后缀源于日耳曼语， 在中古英语中便已有已几种用法。例如，它可以和一个名词相连形成另一个与之关联或相似的名词；这样，把这个后缀加到古英语单词yrth “耕地”后边便形成了另一古英语单词 yrthling “农夫”。 这个后缀还可以加在一个形容词后边形成具有该形容词所示特征的名词：从古英语单词deore, “亲爱的，被爱的”中派生出 deorling （现代英语中的 darling )。 把-ling 加在一副词后边可以产生具有该副词所示情况或状态的名词： 从中古英语的under 形成 underling 。 这里所要描述的-ling 家族的最后一个用法事实上是来源于另一支日耳曼语言，古挪威语。 在古挪威语中-ling 这一后缀被用作小后缀； 这样，我们的单词gosling 便是中世纪英语中的一个外来词，来源于古挪威语单词 goeslingr, “小鹅” 〔Yekaterinburg〕A city of west-central Russia in the eastern foothills of the Ural Mountains. Nicholas II and his family were executed here (1918) after the Russian Revolution. Population, 1,256,600耶卡特林堡：俄罗斯中西部城市，位于乌拉山麓东部。俄国革命后尼古拉斯二世及其家人在此被处决（1918年）。人口1,256,600〔with〕stood with the rabbi; sat with the family.与教士站在一起，与家人坐在一块儿〔solitude〕After the funeral the widow and family spent several days in seclusion.葬礼过后，遗孀和家人过了几天没有与社会接触的日子。〔forget〕forget one's family.忘了某人的家人〔seat〕The ushers will seat the members of the bride's family.引座员会引导新娘的家人就座〔miss〕Do you miss your family?你想念家人吗?〔remember〕Remember me to your family.代我向你的家人问好〔acquaint〕Let me acquaint you with my family.请让你认识一下我的家人〔abstinence〕She practiced self-denial in order to provide for her family's needs.为了家人的需要，她克制着自己。〔Hergesheimer〕American writer whose popular novels of manners includeThe Three Black Pennys (1917) and Java Head (1919). 赫格希默，约瑟夫：(1880-1954) 美国作家，他的通俗社会风俗小说包括《三代黑皮肤的彭尼家人》 （1917年）和 《爪哇岬》 （1919年） 〔family〕All the members of a household under one roof.家人：同住一家的家庭成员〔lift〕"Her family reared a sumptuous mausoleum over her remains" (Macaulay).“她的家人在她的遗体上立了一座华丽的陵墓” （麦考利）。 |
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