| 单词 | 家庭 |
| 释义 | 〔foster〕foster parents; foster grandparents; a foster home.养父母；寄养的祖父母；寄养的家庭〔alienation〕Alcoholism often leads to the alienation of family and friends.酗酒常常导致家庭和朋友间的疏远〔Menninger〕Family of American psychiatrists, includingCharles Frederick (1862-1953) and his sons Karl Augustus (1893-1990) and William Claire (1899-1966). The family founded the Menninger Clinic in Topeka, Kansas (1920), and the Menninger Foundation (1941), both dedicated to psychiatric treatment, research, training, and public education. 门宁格：美国精神病医生之家，包括查尔斯·弗雷德里克 (1862-1953年）及其子 卡尔·奥古斯塔斯 (1893-1990年）和 威廉·克莱尔 (1899-1966年）。这个家庭在堪萨斯的托皮卡建立了门宁格诊所(1920年）以及门宁格基金会(1941年）。两者都致力于精神病的治疗、研究、训练及公众教育 〔obscure〕an obscure poet; an obscure family.不出名的诗人；卑微的家庭〔Medici〕Italian noble family that produced three popes (Leo X, Clement VII, and Leo XI) and two queens of France (Catherine de Médicis and Marie de Médicis).Cosimo "the Elder" (1389-1464) was the first of the family to rule Florence. Lorenzo "the Magnificent" (1449-1492) was an outstanding patron of learning and the arts, whose clients included Michelangelo and Botticelli. 美第奇家族：出了三个教皇（利奥十世，克莱蒙七世及利奥十一世及两个法国皇后凯瑟琳·美第奇和玛丽·美第奇）的意大利贵族家庭。“大”科西莫 (1389-1464年）是这个家庭中第一个统治佛罗伦萨的人。“高贵的” 洛伦索 (1449-1492年）是一位杰出的学者与艺术家的赞助人，受到其赞助的包括米开朗基罗和波提比利 〔bereaved〕the bereaved family.失去亲人的家庭〔gross〕"The trick in making a family film . . . is finding ways to interest grown-ups without boring, confusing, or grossing out the younger set"(Christian Science Monitor)“拍家庭戏时正试图运用一些技巧。既能引起成年人的兴趣，又不使年轻人感到厌倦，迷惑或是恶心”(基督教科学箴言报)〔plate〕Household articles, such as hollowware, covered with a precious metal, such as silver or gold.家庭日用品：用贵金属，如银或金覆盖的家用物品，如凹形器皿〔goodman〕The male head of a household.一家之主：家庭中的男性主人〔surrogate〕A person or an animal that functions as a substitute for another, as in a social or family role.替代者：代替另一个行使职责的人或动物，如在社会或家庭中〔birth〕Until recently, the use ofbirth as a verb meaning "to bear (a child)” has been confined to Southern speech: "Heap o' good it do a woman to birth a mess o' young uns and raise 'em and then have 'em all go off to oncet" (Marjorie K. Rawlings).Recently, however, the nonstandard Southern usage has coincided with widespread usage of verbs derived from nouns, such asparent, network, and microwave. Birth in this new usage is most commonly found in its present participial form and is used as an adjective in the compound birthing room. 以前birth 意为生育（孩子）的动词用法仅限于南方语言： 一个女人生养一大堆孩子，然后他们都一起离开家庭，这对于她来说有很大好处。” （玛乔里·K·罗林斯）。但是最近，这种不标准的南方用法与广泛使用名词作动词的用法相吻合，如作父母，连网络 和 传送微波。 Birth这种新的用法常见于现在分词形式并用于合成词中的形容词 育婴室 〔disgrace〕The family was disgraced by the scandal.这个家庭由于丑闻而失去名望〔resonance〕"It is home and family that give resonance . . . to life"(George Gilder)"Israel, gateway to Mecca, is of course a land of religious resonance and geopolitical significance"(James Wolcott)“正是家庭和家族给予人生以共鸣”(乔治·吉尔德)“以色列，通往麦加的大门，当然是产生具有宗教共鸣与地理政治重要性的地方”(詹姆斯·沃尔科特)〔Tobin〕American economist. He won a 1981 Nobel Prize for his analyses of financial markets and their influence on the finances of families and businesses.托宾，詹姆斯：(生于 1918) 美国经济学家，他因对财政市场和其对家庭和企业财政的影响的分析研究而获得1981年的诺贝尔奖〔situated〕a family that has always been well situated.有充足的金钱供应的家庭〔genealogy〕genea [family] * see genə- genea [家庭] * 参见 genə- 〔exogamy〕The custom of marrying outside the tribe, family, clan, or other social unit.异族通婚：同外部部落、家庭、部族或其他社会单元通婚的风俗〔cherish〕cherish one's family; fine rugs that are cherished by their owners.爱家庭；为主人所珍爱的精美地毯〔Madam〕madam The mistress of a household. madam 太太：家庭中的女主人〔stink〕a family that stinks with money; a deed that stinks of treachery.金钱多如粪土的家庭；充满背叛意味的行为〔clan〕from Scottish Gaelic clann [family] 源自 苏格兰的盖尔语 clann [家庭] 〔adopt〕To take into one's family through legal means and raise as one's own child.收养，过继：通过合法手段吸收为家庭中的一员并作自己的孩子抚养〔passionate〕a family of passionate personalities.一个热情的家庭〔swerve〕won't depart from family traditions;不要背离家庭传统；〔homespun〕Made of a homespun fabric:家庭织物制成的：〔family〕Lineage, especially distinguished lineage.名门：家庭，尤指闻名的家族〔popcorn〕Popcorn is very much an American institution.Particularly enjoyed by people in the United States,it is grown as a native product and denoted by a word that is an Americanism,a word or expression that was first used in English in the United States.Popcorn, from the verb pop and the noun corn, fits these criteriabecause the first recorded use of the word is found inMemorable Days in America, an account written by the British traveler William Faux and published in London in 1823: "I crossed the Big Wabash . . . at La Valette's ferry,where is beautiful land . . . and two lonely families of naked-legged French settlersfrom whom I received two curious ears of poss corn.”Notice that either Faux misunderstood the termor the French settlers mispronounced it.This type of corn, introduced to the settlers by Native Americans,was long grown by them,little knowing that their benefaction would one day be consumed by countless moviegoers while watching Westerns.爆玉米是美洲人非常熟知的事物。尤其为美国人喜欢，这种作物被他们作为本地作物而大量种植并以一个美国单词来命名，这个词首先在美国被用于英语中。Popcorn 源于动词 pop 和名词 corn， 并且它适应这些标准，因为有关这个词的最早记录见于由英国旅行者威廉·福克斯所著的、1823年在伦敦出版的游记在美国的难忘日子 中，福克斯在其中写道： “我在瓦莱特码头渡过大沃巴什河，那儿有美丽的田地…及两个孤零零的法国家庭，他们都是赤脚的法国拓荒者，从他们那儿我得到了两根奇怪的玉米棒。”请注意，要么也许是福克斯误解了该词，要么也许是法国拓荒者发错了音。这种类型的玉米是美洲印第安人介绍给这些拓荒者的，且已被这些印第安人种植很久了，但他们几乎无法料到他们的施惠有一天会被无数电影观众一边嚼着一边看西部片。〔womenfolk〕The women of a community or family.社团或家庭中的妇女〔close〕Her comment hit close to home.她的看法受家庭影响〔cyprinodont〕Any of various small, soft-finned fishes of the family Cyprinodontidae, which includes the killifishes, topminnows, and many species popular in home aquariums.鳉：鳉科中的一种小软鳍鱼，其中包括鳉、底鳉和许多家庭观赏鱼中常见的品种〔washday〕A day set aside for doing household washing.洗衣日：家庭中固定的洗衣服的日子〔Astor〕American-born British capitalist who used his considerable family fortune to buy interests in newspapers and endow public causes.阿斯特，威廉·沃尔多夫：(1848-1919) 美裔美国资本家，曾倾注大量家庭资产购买报业股份并资助公众事业〔deprived〕"Preschool is designed to give children from educationally deprived households an early boost"(Jeff Brody)“幼儿园，是为了给来自缺乏教育环境的家庭的孩子一个早期帮助”(杰夫·布罗迪)〔need〕The family needs money.这个家庭需要钱〔caring〕Some critics have objected to the use ofcaring as an adjective, perhaps because it appears to treat compassion as a chronic condition.The acceptability of the usage may therefore vary according to the relation between the source and object of the caring.Thus 74 percent of the Usage Panel accepts the sentence A child has a right to certain things: a secure home, a healthful environment, and caring parents. A smaller majority, 58 percent,acceptsWe are looking for a few caring people to help with this program, where the adjective appears to ascribe an undiscriminating disposition to care about whatever object of concern may present itself.Finally, only 29 percent of the Panel accepts 一些评论家反对把caring 当作形容词用， 也许是因为该词看起来把同情作为一种长期的状态来对待。对该词形容词用法的可接受性也许会因此根据同情的缘由和对象的关系而变化。所以有74％的用法专题使用小组成员认为 儿童有权享受一定的事物：安定的家庭，健康的环境以及充满爱心的父母一句可接受。 比例少一些的多数人。即58％的成员，认为我们正在寻找一些有同情心的人帮助实施这项计划 一句可接受。 该句中的形容词似乎把一种不加区别的性情当作关心任何一个可能出现的需要关心注意的对象。最后，只有29％的小组成员接受 〔sympathy〕His sympathies lie with his family.他的忠诚与他的家庭同在〔char〕To work as a charwoman.做家庭打杂女工〔adoptive〕"increased honesty and sharing between birth families, adoptive families and adoptees"(Robyn S. Quinter)See Usage Note at adopt “忠实和苦乐共享在生身家庭，收养家庭及被收养者之间不断增加”(罗宾S.昆特) 参见 adopt〔credit〕She is a credit to her family.她为家庭增了光〔Truth〕American abolitionist and feminist. Born into slavery, she was freed in 1827 and became a leading preacher against slavery and for the rights of women.特鲁斯，索乔尔纳：(1797?-1883) 美国废奴主义者和女权主义者，她生于奴隶家庭；1827年获得自由，并成为反对奴隶制并维护女性权利的主要倡导者 |
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