| 单词 | 将军 |
| 释义 | 〔generalcy〕The rank, appointment, authority, or tenure of a general.将军的任职或任期：一个将军的官衔、委任权力或保存权〔Atlanta〕The capital and largest city of Georgia, in the northwest part of the state. It was founded in 1837 at the end of the railroad line as Terminus and renamed Atlanta in 1845. Almost entirely burned on November 15, 1864, before the start of Union general William Tecumseh Sherman's march to the sea, the city was rapidly rebuilt and became the permanent state capital in 1877. Population, 394,017.亚特兰大：美国乔治亚州首府和最大城市，位于该州西北部。建于1837年铁路线终端的边界，并于1845年改叫亚特兰大。1864年11月15日，联盟将军威廉·特库姆塞·舍曼向海洋进军行动开始之前，该市几乎完全被烧毁，很快被重建，并于1877年成为该州永久性的首府。人口394,017〔Braddock〕British general in America during the French and Indian War. He was mortally wounded during his unsuccessful expedition against Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh).布拉道克，爱德华：(1695-1755) 法印战争时期在美国服役的英国将军。在一次对杜奎森堡（今匹兹堡）失败的远征中他受了重伤〔Spaatz〕American general who became chief of staff of the U.S. Air Force (1947) when it was established as a separate branch of the services.斯帕茨，卡尔：(1891-1974) 美国将军，在美国空军作为军队的独立一支成立时(1947年），曾任空军参谋长〔stratagem〕from stratēgos [general] 源自 stratēgos [将军] 〔Gaines〕American general who defended Fort Erie in the War of 1812.盖恩斯，埃德蒙·彭德尔顿：(1777-1849) 美国将军，于1812年的战争中击败福特埃尔〔Alvarado〕Spanish general and colonial administrator who took part in the conquest of Mexico and became governor of Guatemala (1530).阿尔瓦拉多，佩德罗·德：(1485-1541) 西班牙将军和殖民地行政官，曾参加征服墨西哥的战争并在1530年成为危地马拉总督〔tycoon〕Used formerly as a title for a Japanese shogun.太君，将军：以前用作日本将军的头衔〔shogun〕Japanese shōgun [general] 日语 shōgun [将军] 〔Cato〕Roman politician and general who wrote the first history of Rome. As censor he attempted to restore simplicity to Roman life.卡托，马库斯·波希乌斯：(234-149) 罗马政治家和将军，著有罗马的第一部历史。在任监察期间，他试图恢复罗马社会生活的简朴作风〔Ireton〕English Parliamentary general during the Civil War (1642-1651). Ireton helped bring Charles I to trial and was a signer of his death warrant.爱尔顿，亨利：(1611-1651) 英国内战(1642-1651年）时期的议会党将军。爱尔顿帮助使查理一世受审并且是他的死刑执行令的签署者之一〔Bourbon〕French general who served Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, led a failed invasion of France (1524), and was killed while leading a German-Spanish assault on Rome.波旁，查尔斯·德：(1490-1527) 神圣罗马帝国查理五世时的法国将军，领导过一次侵略法兰西遭致失败（1524年），在一次领导袭击罗马城的日耳曼-西班牙战争中阵亡〔Napier〕British general, civil engineer, and colonial administrator in India who also led military expeditions into Ethiopia and China.纳皮尔，罗伯特·科尔内利斯：(1810-1890) 英国将军、土木工程师和印度殖民总督。曾指挥军队远征埃塞俄比亚和中国〔check〕A move in chess that directly attacks an opponent's king but does not constitute a checkmate.将军：下棋中直接进攻对方的“国王”但并没有彻底将死的一着〔check〕The wordscheck , chess , and shah are all related. Shah, as one might think, is a borrowing into English of the Persian title for the monarch of that country.The Persian wordshāh was also a term used in chess, a game played in Persia long before it was introduced to Europe.One saidshāh as a warning when the opponent's king was under attack. The Persian word in this sense,after passing through Arabic,probably Old Spanish, and then Old French,came into Middle English aschek about seven hundred years ago. Chess itself comes from a plural form of the Old French word that gave us the word check. Checkmate, the next stage after check, goes back to the Arabic phraseshāh māt, meaning "the king is stymied.”Through a complex development having to do with senses that evolved from the notion of checking the king,check came to mean something used to ensure accuracy or authenticity. One such means was a counterfoil, a part of a check, for example,retained by the issuer as documentation of a transaction.Check first meant "counterfoil" and then came to mean anything,such as a bill or bank draft, with a counterfoil—or eventually even without one.单词check ， chess 和 shah 是互相关联的。 Shah 就象有人可能想象的那样， 是英语里的外来词，原指波斯国王的称号。波斯词语shah 也是国际象棋中的术语， 国际象棋在被引进欧洲之前早就在波斯流传。当对手的“国王”受到攻击时我们说shah 作为一种警告。 这个意义的波斯单词，通过阿拉伯语，可能还有古西班牙语和后来的古法语，大约在七百年前被收入中世纪英语中chek 。 Chess 本身来自于古法语 check 的复数形式。 Checkmate ，是 check 的下一步， 来自于阿拉伯短语shah mat， 意思是“国王进退两难”。从对“国王”将军这个概念演化而来，check 的含义经历了复杂的发展过程，它后来指用以确保准确性或真实性的某种东西。 例如，其中一个含义是指作为支票的一部分的存根，由签发支票的人保留作为交易的单据。Check 最初是指“存根”， 后来指任何有存根的东西，如帐单或银行汇票等，最后甚至指没有存根的东西〔Keitel〕German general and chief of the supreme command of Nazi armed forces during World War II. He signed the unconditional surrender of Germany to Russia and the Allies (May 1945) and was executed as a war criminal.凯特尔，威廉：(1882-1946) 德国将军，二战中是纳粹武装力量的高级统帅司令。他签署了德国对俄罗斯和盟军的无条件投降条约（1945年），并作为战犯被处决〔Ewell〕American Confederate general who took part in the battles of Gettysburg (1863) and the Wilderness (1864) and was captured in Pennsylvania with all his men (1865).尤厄，理查德·斯托德：(1817-1872) 美国南方邦联的将军，参加了盖茨堡战役（1863年）和威尔德尼斯战役（1864年），1865年与所部一起在宾夕法尼亚被俘〔Rundstedt〕German general who took part in the invasions of Poland, France, and Russia during World War II and was commander in chief of the western front (1942-1945).隆施泰特，卡尔·鲁道夫·杰尔德·冯：(1875-1953) 德国将军，第二次世界大战期间指挥入侵波兰、法国和苏联，是西线的总司令(1942-1945年）〔Lindsay〕American poet who traveled the United States exchanging poems for room and board. His volumes includeGeneral William Booth Enters Heaven and Other Poems (1913) and The Congo and Other Poems (1914). 林赛，（尼古拉斯）瓦契尔：(1879-1931) 美国诗人，以诗歌换食宿的方向遍游美国，其诗集包括《威廉，布思将军进入天堂及其它诗作》 （1913年）和 《刚果河及其它》 （1914年） 〔Flaminius〕Roman politician and general who defeated the Macedonian forces at Cynoscephalae (197).弗莱明尼斯，提图斯·昆克提斯：(227?-174) 罗马政治家和将军，在锡诺斯克法莱山（公元前197年）击败马其顿军队〔Tudjman〕Croatian general and historian who was president of Croatia from 1990 to 1999.图季曼，法兰约：克罗地亚将军和历史学家，1990至1999年为克罗地亚总统.〔Rosecrans〕American Union general. After successful campaigns in West Virginia and Mississippi, he was defeated at Chickamauga, Georgia (1863), and relieved of his duties.罗兹克兰斯，威廉·斯塔克：(1819-1898) 美国联邦军将军。曾在美国西弗吉尼亚州和密西西比州多次取得胜利，后因在乔治亚州的奇克莫加战役中失利(1863年）而被解职〔chess〕short for Old French esches [pl. of] eschec [check in chess] * see check 古法语 esches的简写 eschec的复数 [象棋中被“将军”的局面] * 参见 check〔Kesselring〕German general who was active on virtually all European and North African fronts during World War II. Appointed commander in chief in the West (1945), he was later imprisoned for war crimes (1947-1952).凯塞林，阿尔贝特：(1885-1960) 二战期间活跃于所有欧洲和北非前线的德国将军，是西线作战总司令（1945年），后来被作为战犯关押（1947-1952年）〔Farnese〕Italian general and diplomat in service to Philip II of Spain. He engaged the Turks in the Battle of Lepanto (1571), in which the Ottoman fleet was destroyed.法尔内塞，亚历山德罗：(1545-1592) 为西班牙腓力二世效劳的意大利将军及外交官。他在勒班陀战役(1571)中与土耳其人交战，此次战役中奥斯曼舰队全均覆没〔Scipio〕Roman general and politician who commanded the final destruction of Carthage (146) in the Third Punic War.小西庇阿，普布留斯·科内利乌斯：(185?-129) 罗马将军和政治家，曾在第三次布匿战争中最终摧毁迦太基(146年）〔Wallace〕American general, diplomat, and writer known especially for his novelBen Hur (1880). 华莱士，刘易斯：(1827-1905) 美国将军、外交家、作家，尤因其小说《本·赫尔》 （1880年）著名 〔Veracruz〕A city of east-central Mexico on the Gulf of Mexico east of Puebla. Founded in 1599 on a site visited earlier (1519) by Hernando Cortés, it was frequently sacked by buccaneers in the 17th and 18th centuries. U.S. troops led by Gen. Winfield Scott captured the city in 1847 during the Spanish-American War. Population, 284,822.维拉克鲁斯：墨西哥中东部的一个城市，位于普韦布拉以东的墨西哥湾沿岸，1599年创建于一个赫南多·科尔特斯早先到过(1519年）的地方，在17和18 世纪期间通常被西印度海盗劫掠。在美西战争期间该城于1847年被温菲尔德·斯科特将军率领的美国军队攻陷。人口284,822〔fall〕fell over themselves to impress the general's wife.他们争相给将军夫人留下深刻的印象〔Alcibiades〕Athenian politician and general whose brilliant military career foundered during the Peloponnesian War (431-404), during which he changed allegiance three times.亚西比德：雅典政治家及将军，在伯罗奔尼撒战争（公元前431-404年）中因三易其主而使其卓越的军事生涯毁于一旦〔Lincoln〕American general who commanded the troops that put down Shays's Rebellion (1787).林肯，本杰明：(1733-1810) 美国将军，在1787年领导军队镇压了谢可叛乱〔Wolseley〕Irish-born British general and colonial administrator. He defeated Egyptian forces in the struggle for control of the Suez Canal (1882) and was commander in chief of the army (1895-1901).吴士礼：爱尔兰裔的英国将军和殖民统治者。他在(1882年）争夺苏伊士运河控制权时打败了埃及军队，于1895年至1901年任英军总司令〔Hull〕American general who surrendered Detroit to the British during the War of 1812. He was convicted of cowardice and sentenced to death but was pardoned by President James Madison.赫尔，威廉：(1753-1825) 美国将军，在1812年战争中向英军投降并交出了底特律市。他受控懦弱而被判死刑，但后被詹姆斯·麦迪逊总统赦免〔Carson〕American frontiersman who was the renowned guide of John C. Frémont's western expeditions in the 1840's, an agent for the Ute (1853-1861), and a Union general in the Civil War.卡森，克里斯托夫：(1809-1868) 美国边疆开拓者，1840年间约翰·C·弗来门的西部远征队的著名向导，犹特人的一个代理人（1853-1861年），内战期间担任联邦军队的将军〔Smith〕American army officer who served as chief of staff to Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower (1942-1946), ambassador to the Soviet Union (1946-1949), and director of the Central Intelligence Agency (1950-1953).史密斯，沃尔特·贝德尔：(1895-1961) 美国军官，曾任德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔将军手下的总参谋长(1942-1946年），驻苏联大使(1946-1949年），中央情报局主任(1950-1953年）〔Cynoscephalae〕Two hills of southeast Thessaly in northeast Greece. The Theban general Pelopidas was killed in battle here (364b.c. ). Later (197) the Roman general Flaminius decisively defeated Philip V of Macedon at Cynoscephalae. 库诺斯克法莱：色萨利东南的两座山，位于希腊东北部。塞尔维亚将军佩罗皮达斯在此地战死( 公元前 364年）。后来(197年）在库诺斯克法莱，罗马将军弗拉米尼决定性地战胜了马其顿国王菲利浦五世 〔Pickett〕American Confederate general known for leading the disastrous Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg (1863), in which three fourths of his troops were lost.皮克特，乔治·爱德华：(1825-1875) 美国南方邦联军将军，因在葛底斯堡战役(1863年）中领导了灾难性的“皮克特冲锋”而闻名，在此战斗中他丧失了其部队的四分之三〔Hunyadi〕Hungarian general and nationalist leader who fought to protect Hungary from Turkish conquest (1437-1456).匈雅提，亚诺斯：(1387?-1456) 匈牙利将军，民族领袖，曾率军抵抗土耳其人的入侵(1437-1456年）〔pass〕The officers passed their troops in review before the general.在阅兵大典中，军官指挥他们的部队经过将军面前接受检阅〔envy〕"When I peruse the conquered fame of heroes and the victories of mighty generals, I do not envy the generals" (Walt Whitman). “当我细细咀嚼那些英雄的盛名和伟大的将军们的胜利时，我并不羡慕那些将军” （沃特·惠特曼）。 |
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