| 单词 | 尊敬 |
| 释义 | 〔kiss〕To touch or caress with the lips as an expression of affection, greeting, respect, or amorousness.接吻：用嘴唇接触或抚摸，以表达慈爱、欢迎、尊敬或情爱〔veneration〕Profound respect or reverence:崇敬：极深的尊敬或敬重：〔defer〕To submit to the opinion, wishes, or decision of another through respect or in recognition of his or her authority, knowledge, or judgment.See Synonyms at yield 服从，遵从：出于尊敬他本人或由于承认他的权威、学识或判断力，听从他的意见，遵从他的愿望，服从他的决定 参见 yield〔venerable〕Commanding respect by virtue of age, dignity, character, or position.See Synonyms at elderly 值得敬重的，令人崇敬的：由于年龄、德行、品质或职位而应受到尊敬的 参见 elderly〔name〕Title, applied to people, indicates rank or positionand generally connotes distinction and respect ( Title 用于人，指头衔或职位，通常含有显赫和尊敬之意( 〔homage〕Special honor or respect shown or expressed publicly.See Synonyms at honor 尊敬：公开表现或表达的特殊敬意或尊重 参见 honor〔toady〕A person who flatters or defers to others for self-serving reasons; a sycophant.谄媚者：出于私利而吹捧或尊敬他人的人；拍马者〔regard〕"The near-unanimity of esteem he enjoyed during his lifetime has by no means been sustained since" (Will Crutchfield).“在世期间他所受到的一致尊敬在他去世后却一去不复返” （威尔·克拉士弗尔德）。〔sunbeam〕The period of European history from the 5th to the 11th century,although often called the Dark Ages,in fact did much to preserve and extend the light of civilization.One of the relatively minor contributions of the time, albeit a fortunate one for us, is the addition of the wordsunbeam to the English language. The word is believed to have entered English in the 9th century through the work of the English king Alfred the Great. A scholar as well as a king, Alfred undertook a number of translations of great Latin writings,rendering them into the English of his time, now known as Old English.Among the works translated during Alfred's reign was a store of narratives and information about England's earliest connections with the Church,called theHistoria Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum, or The Ecclesiastical History of the English People, a work composed by the Venerable Bede. Several times in his book Bede uses the Latin phrasecolumna lucis, which we would today translate as "a column of light.”Since the Old English translator did not have the wordcolumn in his vocabulary, he substituted the word beam, which meant "a tree" or "a building post made from a tree.”Columna lucis thus became sunnebeām, or "sun post,” which survives as our sunbeam. Ifsunbeam is perhaps a less stately expression than "column of light,” it has nevertheless served us well. From it the wordbeam alone came to mean "a ray or rays of light"; it subsequently became a verb meaning "to radiate.”It now allows us not only to beam with pride or happinessbut also to beam our broadcasts to other countries and ourselves, as some would have it, through space.Column would never do. 欧洲历史上从5世纪到11世纪这段时期，尽管经常成为黑暗的年代，但为保存和发展文明之光做了很多努力。这个时期相对不太重要的贡献之一，但对我们来说 十分幸运的就是阳光光束 这个单词加进了英语语言中。 人们相信这个词是通过英格兰国王阿尔费雷德大帝的努力于9世纪进入英语的。阿尔费雷德不仅是位国王，他还是位学者，他着手翻译了许多部重要的拉丁文作品，他将它们译成他那个时代的英文，即现在所说的古英语。在阿尔费雷德统治时期翻译的作品中，有一部有关于英格兰与教会的最早联系的丰富叙述和信息，书名是Historia Ecclesiastic Gentis Anglorum 或 The Ecclesiastical History of the English People （英国人民的基督教历史），作者是尊敬的比德。 在这本书中，比德数次使用了拉丁文短语columna hucis ， 今天我们将其译为“一束阳光”。因为古英语翻译家在他所掌握的词汇中还没有column （柱子）这个词，所以他用 beam 这个词代替， 当时的意思是“树”或“用树做成的建筑物的支柱”。Columna lucis 就这样成了 sunnebeam 或“光束”， 它以 sunbeam 的形式存在。 或许sunbeam（阳光光束） 这种表达方法不如“光柱”这么堂皇，但是它很合我们用。 由此，beam 这个词单独也可作“一束光或多束光”讲， 而且它逐渐地变成了动词，意思是“发射，发光”。现在我们不仅可以说因骄傲或幸福而散发光彩，还可以说通过大气向其它国家和我们自己广播，如果他们进行的话。Column 可不行 〔uncover〕To bare the head in respect or reverence.脱帽致敬：脱帽子以示尊敬或敬重〔honorable〕Deserving or winning honor and respect:值得尊敬的，尊敬的：值得或赢得荣誉和尊敬的：〔genuflect〕To be servilely respectful or deferential; grovel.屈膝服从：奴颜卑膝地尊敬或服从；卑躬屈膝〔disgrace〕 Dishonor means loss of esteem, respect, or good reputation previously enjoyed: Dishonor 意为失去重视、尊敬或以前所拥有的好名声： 〔awe〕A mixed emotion of reverence, respect, dread, and wonder inspired by authority, genius, great beauty, sublimity, or might:敬畏的：由权力、才华、美貌、卓越或能力而引起的包含尊敬、敬重、恐惧和惊异的复杂情绪：〔grand〕August describes what inspires solemn reverence or awe,as because of exalted rank or character: August 描绘激发严肃的尊敬或敬畏的事物，如因为崇高的地位或性格： 〔compliment〕To show fondness, regard, or respect for by giving a gift or performing a favor.向…致意：通过赠送礼物或提供帮助来表达喜爱、致意或尊敬之情〔venerate〕To regard with respect, reverence, or heartfelt deference.See Synonyms at revere 1尊敬，崇拜：带着敬重、敬畏或诚挚的崇敬对待 参见 revere1〔regard〕To hold in esteem or respect:尊敬：带着尊敬或敬重：〔estimation〕Favorable regard; esteem.尊重：尊敬；尊重〔incense〕Flattering or fawning attention; homage.赞美，奉承：奉承或逢迎的态度；尊敬〔irreverence〕Lack of reverence or due respect.不虔诚，不尊敬：缺乏虔诚或应有的尊敬〔religion〕Belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe.宗教信仰：对超自然的力量或被当成是造物主和宇宙的主宰的力量的相信或尊敬〔prestige〕The level of respect at which one is regarded by others; standing.声望：被他人尊敬的程度；身份，名声〔piety〕Religious devotion and reverence to God.虔诚，虔敬：宗教中对上帝的爱和尊敬〔esteem〕esteemed it an honor to help them.把帮助他们看作是一种尊敬〔admire〕To have a high opinion of; esteem or respect.夸赞，恭维，褒奖：对…很高的评价；尊重或尊敬〔regardful〕Showing deference; respectful.尊重的；尊敬的〔stateswoman〕A woman who is a respected leader in a given field.在某一领域内受到尊敬的女权威〔fearful〕Feeling reverence, dread, or awe.敬畏的：感到尊敬，害怕或崇拜的〔laurel〕Honor and glory won for great achievement.荣誉：因巨大成就而获得的尊敬和荣誉〔ennoble〕"that chastity of honor . . . which ennobled whatever it touched, and under which vice itself lost half its evil"(Edmund Burke)“那荣誉的贞洁使它所接触的一切都更尊敬，而在此贞洁之下便是邪恶本身也会失去它一半的罪恶”(埃德蒙·伯克)〔revere〕 Worship implies reverent love and homage rendered to God or a god: Worship 指给予上帝或神的尊敬的爱及尊崇： 〔reverence〕An act showing respect, especially a bow or curtsy.尊敬：表现尊敬的行为，尤指鞠躬或屈膝礼〔observe〕We are planning a surprise party to celebrate her birthday. Tocommemorate is to honor the memory of a past event; 我们正为他的生日而准备着一个惊奇的派对。 而commemorate 是对过去的事件的记忆的尊敬； 〔honor〕 Veneration is both the feeling and the reverential expression of respect, love, and awe: Veneration 既为情感也是对尊敬、热爱或敬畏的虔诚表达方式： 〔dishonor〕Loss of honor, respect, or reputation.See Synonyms at disgrace 不名誉，名声败坏：失去荣誉、尊敬或名望 参见 disgrace〔reverence〕To consider or treat with profound awe and respect; venerate.尊敬，崇敬，敬畏：带着深切的敬畏或尊重来考虑或对待；崇敬〔macabre〕The wordmacabre is an excellent example of a word formed with reference to a specific context that has long since disappeared for everyone but scholars. Macabre is first recorded in the phrase Macabrees daunce in a work written around 1430 by John Lydgate. Lydgate expressed it so because he thoughtMacabree was a French author, although he was actually dealing with the Old French phraseDanse Macabre, "the Dance of Death,” a subject of art and literature.In this dance,Death leads people of all classes and walks of life to the same final end.Themacabre element is thought by some to be an alteration of Macabe , "a Maccabee.” The Maccabees were Jewish martyrswho were honored by a feast throughout the Western Church,and reverence for them was linked to reverence for the dead.One of the biblical books of Maccabees also contains a passage (II Maccabees 12:43-45) mentioning sacrifices for the dead and their future resurrection,which has been used to defend the doctrine of Purgatory.Todaymacabre has no connection with the Maccabees and little connection with the Dance of Death,but it still has to do with death.单词macabre 是一个极好的例子，创造该词的来龙去脉除了学者之外早已被世人所遗忘。 Macabre 最早见于短语 Macabrees daunce 是在1430年前后约翰·利德盖特写的一本书中。 利德盖特这样表达是因为他认为Macabree 是源于法语的词， 实际上他指的是一个古老的法语短语Danse Macabre， “死神之舞，” 一个艺术与文学的主题。在这个舞蹈中，死神把各种各样的人带到了同一个终点。有人认为macabre 是 Macabe 的变体，“马加比人”。 马加比们就是那些犹太殉道者，在天主教会中通过节日表达对他们的敬意，对他们的尊敬和对死的敬畏是联系在一起的。基督教典籍中关于马加比人的书中有一段文字（Ⅱ马加比人12:43-45)提到对死者的祭祀和他们未来的复活，这段文字被用来捍卫关于炼狱的教义。今天macabre 与马加比人毫无联系， 与死神之舞相关甚少，但它仍与死亡有关〔esteem〕Favorable regard.See Synonyms at regard 崇敬：赞成的尊敬 参见 regard〔hallowed〕our hallowed war heroes.我们极为尊敬的战斗英雄 |
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