| 单词 | 尊称 |
| 释义 | 〔Mademoiselle〕mademoiselle pl. mademoiselles or mesdemoiselles Used as a form of polite address for a girl or young woman in a French-speaking area. mademoiselle 【复数】 mademoiselles 或 mesdemoiselles 小姐：在讲法语地区对女孩或年轻女子的一种尊称〔Monseigneur〕Used as an honorific in French-speaking areas, especially as accorded to princes and prelates.大人，阁下：用于讲法语地区的一个尊称，尤指称呼王子和高级教士〔goodwife〕Goodwife Used formerly as a courtesy title before the surname of a married woman not of noble birth. Goodwife 太太：以前放在已婚嫁的女人的姓氏前作为尊称而非贵族称号〔honorable〕Used in the House of Commons as a title of respect when speaking of another member.阁下：在下议院中谈到另一个成员时所用的尊称〔hafiz〕Used as a title of respect for such a person.对这种人的尊称〔honorable〕Used as a title of respect for certain high government officials:阁下：对某些高级官员的尊称：〔don〕Don Abbr. D.Used as a courtesy title before the name of a man in a Spanish-speaking area. Don 缩写 D.先生：西班牙语用于男子名前表示尊称〔majesty〕Majesty Abbr. M.Used withHis, Her, or Your as a title and form of address for a sovereign. Majesty 缩写 M.与His,Her 或者 Your 连用作为对君主的尊称 〔pandit〕Used as a title of respect for a learned man in India.博学者：印度对有学问的人的尊称〔honorable〕Used as a courtesy title for the children of barons and viscounts and the younger sons of earls.阁下：用作对男爵和子爵的子女和伯爵小儿子的尊称〔shah〕Used formerly as a title for the hereditary monarch of Iran.沙，君王：从前用作伊朗世袭君主的一个尊称〔dame〕Used formerly as a courtesy title for a woman in authority or a mistress of a household.夫人，女士：以前用作对有权威的妇女或家族中的女主人的尊称〔honorific〕A title, phrase, or grammatical form conveying respect, used especially when addressing a social superior.敬语，尊称：用于表达敬意的头衔，短语或语法形式，尤指称呼社会层次较高的人〔venerable〕Used as a form of address for an archdeacon in the Anglican Church or the Episcopal Church.副主教：用作对英国国教或苏格兰圣公会的副主教的一种尊称〔sheik〕Used as a form of address for such an official or leader.对这样的官员或领导者的尊称〔memsahib〕Used formerly as a form of respectful address for a European woman in colonial India.太太，夫人：先前在印度殖民地所使用的对欧洲妇女的尊称〔lady〕Used as a form of address for the wife or widow of a baron.男爵之妻的尊称：用来称呼男爵夫人或其寡妇的用语〔effendi〕Used as a title of respect for men in Turkey, equivalent tosir. 老爷：土耳其国家对男子的一种尊称，相当于先生 〔Madame〕Used as a courtesy title before the surname or full name of a married woman in a French-speaking area:夫人，女士：在讲法语地区用在已婚妇女姓或姓名前的尊称：〔Dom〕Used formerly as a title for men of Portuguese and Brazilian royalty, aristocracy, and hierarchy, preceding the given name.老爷：用在教名前，旧时表示对葡萄牙和巴西皇室、贵族、宗教集团人物的尊称〔aga〕Used as a title for a civil or military leader, especially in Turkey.阿迦：对文官或武官的尊称，特指用于土耳其〔goodman〕Goodman Used formerly as a courtesy title before the surname of a man not of noble birth. Goodman 先生：以前用作姓氏前作为尊称，但不是贵族称号〔Tuan〕Used in Malay as a form of respectful address for a man, equivalent to sir or mister.先生：马来亚对男人的尊称，相当于先生或阁下〔Abba〕abba Used as a title of honor for bishops and patriarchs in some Christian churches of Egypt, Syria, and Ethiopia. abba 阿爸：在埃及、叙利亚和埃塞俄比亚的一些基督教教堂里被视为对主教或教长的尊称〔abbess〕Used as a title for such a person.女修道院院长：赋予这种人的尊称〔Donna〕Used as a courtesy title before the name of a woman in an Italian-speaking area.女士：在说意大利语的地区用于妇女名字前的尊称〔dear〕Highly esteemed or regarded. Used in direct address, especially in salutations:敬爱的：极尊敬的，很敬仰的。常用于直接的称呼中，尤指用于尊称：〔Monsieur〕Abbr. M.Used as a courtesy title before the surname, full name, or professional title of a man in a French-speaking area:缩写 M.先生：用于讲法语地区的男人姓氏、全名或职业称呼之前的一种尊称：〔surly〕The fact that the wordsurly means "churlish" nicely indicates its fall in status. Churlish derives from the word churl, which in its Old English form ceorl meant "a man without rank, a member of the lowest rank of freemen,” as well as "peasant" in general. In Old Englishceorl may have been a term of contempt; it certainly became one in Middle English,wherecherl meant "base fellow, boor,” with churlish descending in meaning accordingly. Surly, on the other hand, started its life at the top of the scale but fell just as far. Looking at instances of this word in Middle English and Early Modern English,we see thatsurly was only one spelling for this word, another spelling beingsirly, which makes it clear that it came from the word sir, the term of honor for a knight or for a person of rank or importance in general. Thussirly, the form under which the early spellings of the word are entered in the Oxford English Dictionary, first meant "lordly.” Surly, entered as a separate word in the OED and first recorded in 1566, meant perhaps "lordly, majestic,” in its earliest use,subsequently being used in the sense "masterful, imperious, arrogant.” As the gloss "arrogant" makes clear, the wordsirly could have a negative sense, and it is this area of meaning that is responsible for the current "churlish" sense of the word.surly 意为“粗野的”事实生动地说明了这个词的地位下降。 Churlish 是 churl 的派生词，其古英文形式 ceorl 的意思是“没有爵位的男人，或者是自由民中最低等级的男人”，大概象“农民”一样。 古英语中ceorl 可能含有贬意； 中古英语中肯定是贬意，其cherl 的意思是“卑贱的人，粗野的人”，相应地 churlish 的意思也下降了。 另一方面，Surly 开始是个高尚的字，后来地位同样下降。 从中古英语和早期现代英语中的实例，我们可以看到，surly 的拼法只有一个， 另一个是sirly ，它清楚地表明这个字来自 sir （给于骑士或有等级或有身份的人的尊称）。 因此，sirly 这个字的最初形式记载在 牛津英语词典 中，开始的意思为（有威严的，高傲的）。 Surly 作为另一个字最初于1566年记录在 OED 中， 最初的意思是“老爷的、尊贵的”，以后的意思为“老爷般的、命令式的、傲慢的”。“傲慢”这个字条清楚地说明sirly 可能有过否定的意思， 也正是在这层意义上，它和目前“粗野的”意义有关〔lady〕Used as a form of address for a marchioness, countess, viscountess, baroness, or baronetess.对有贵族爵位之贵妇的尊称：用来称呼女侯爵、女伯爵、女子爵和男爵或女准男爵的用语〔Reb〕Used as a title of respect for a man. Used with the given name.先生：用于对某个男人的尊称.与名连用〔don〕both from Latin dominus [lord] * see dem- 都源自 拉丁语 dominus [尊称] * 参见 dem- 〔lady〕Used as a courtesy title for the daughter of a duke, a marquis, or an earl.（公爵、侯爵或伯爵）之女的尊称：用于称呼公爵、侯爵或伯爵的女儿的礼貌用语〔Excellency〕Used withHis, Her, or Your as a title and form of address for certain high officials, such as viceroys, ambassadors, and governors. 阁下：和His、Her 或 Your 连用，作为对某些高级的官员，如总督、大使和省长的头衔的称谓或尊称 〔abbot〕Used as a title for such a person.男修道院院长：给予这种人的尊称〔Negus〕Used formerly as a title for emperors of Ethiopia.对埃塞俄比亚皇帝的尊称〔lady〕A woman, especially when spoken of or to in a polite way.对女性的尊称：尤指那些言谈之间很有礼貌的妇女〔lady〕Used as the title for the wife or widow of a knight or baronet.骑士之妻的尊称：用作骑士或准男爵夫人或寡妇的称谓〔babu〕Used as a Hindi courtesy title for a man, equivalent toMr. 巴布：印度北部地区对男人的尊称，相当于Mr. |
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