| 单词 | 小写 |
| 释义 | 〔Photostat〕A trademark used for a photographic device for making positive or negative copies of graphic matter. This trademark often occurs in lowercase in print:影印机：用于制作印刷资料的正片或底片的拍摄仪器的商标，此商标常以小写印刷体形式出现：〔gay〕The wordgay is now standard in its use to refer to the American homosexual community and its members;in this use it is generally lowercased.Gay is distinguished from homosexual in emphasizing the cultural and social aspects of homosexuality.Many writers reservegay for male homosexuals, but the word is also used to refer to homosexuals of both sexes;when the intended meaning is not clear in the context,the phrasegay and lesbian should be used. Like the other names of social groups that are derived from adjectives (e.g.,Black ), gay may be regarded as offensive when used as a noun to refer to particular individuals, as inThere were two gays on the panel; here a phrase such asgay people should be used instead. But there is no objection to the use of the noun in the pluralto refer to the general gay community,as inGays have united in opposition to the policy. See Usage Note at homosexual 单词gay 其用法已被普遍接受， 指的是美国的同性恋团体及其成员；在这种用法中，它一般小写。Gay 区别于 homosexual， 前者强调同性恋者的文化和社会方面。许多作家把gay 限定于男性同性恋者， 但这个单词也可用于指两种性别的同性恋者，当上下文的言外之意不太明确时，词组同性恋男性和同性恋女性 可以被使用。 就象其他从形容词派生来的社会群体名词一样（如，黑人 ）， gay 如果当作为一个名词使用，指一些特殊的个体时，可能会被认为带有攻击性， 如在There were two gays on the panel； 在此处应该用词组gay people 来代替。 但是并没有人反对其名词的复数形式，指一般的同性恋团体，如句子同性恋者们已经团结起来对抗政策 参见 homosexual〔Sheetrock〕A trademark used for plasterboard. This trademark often occurs in print in lowercase:"The instrument has three scales of sensitivity calibrated for detection of moisture in most building materials such as . . . sheetrock" (Mechanical Engineering). “ [It] is excellent for installing lights, installing ceiling tile, taping sheetrock . . . and other jobs" (Engineering News-Record). It also occurs as a verb: 石膏板：一种用于塑料板的标记，这个标记通常以小写印刷体出现：“该设备具有标定的三个级别的灵敏度，能探测出大多数建筑材料，例如…石膏板中的湿度” （机械工程）。 “ ［它］ 非常适于安装灯具、天花板瓦、固定石膏板…及其它工作” （工程新闻记录）。它 也作为动词出现： 〔black〕Use of the capitalized form has the advantage of acknowledging the parallel with other ethnic groups and nationalities,such asItalian and Sioux. It can be argued thatblack is different from these other terms because it was derived from an adjective rather than from a proper name.However, a precedent exists for the capitalization of adjectives used to denote specific groups,as in theReds and the Whites (of the Russian Civil War) or the Greens (the European political party). The capitalization ofBlack does raise ancillary problems for the treatment of the term white. Orthographic evenhandedness would seem to require the use of the uppercase formWhite, but this form might be taken to imply that whites constitute a single ethnic group,an issue that is certainly debatable.On the other hand, the use of the lowercase formwhite in the same context as the uppercase form Black will obviously raise questions as to how and why the writer has distinguished between the two groups.There is no entirely happy solution to this problem.In all likelihood, uncertainty as to the mode of styling ofwhite has dissuaded many publications from adopting the capitalized form Black. See Usage Note at color 大写字母的好处在于对于其他种族和民族平等关系的承认，如意大利人 和 苏人。 有人可以争辩说black 与其他词不同， 因为他是由一个形容词而不是专有名词派生而成的。但是，大写形容词意指一组人已有前例，如Reds 和 Whites （俄国内战中）或 Greens （欧洲政党）。 大写的Black 确实引起了该如何对待 White 一词的有关问题。 正字法的公正要求使用White 的大写形式White， 但这种形式可能被认为暗示白人组成了单独的种族，这是会引起争论的问题。另一方面，在有black 大写形式White出现的相同语境中使用 White 的小写形式white， 显然会引起如何及为什么作者要对这两组人区别对待的问题。这一问题尚无令人满意的解决办法。White 书写方式的不确定性很可能已经使许多出版物不再采用大写形式的 Black 参见 color〔Lurex〕A trademark used for a yarn made of plastic-coated aluminum filaments. This trademark often occurs in print in uppercase and lowercase as an attributive:"The Lurex sock became the signature leg fashion for glitter rockers" (Women's Wear Daily). It can also occur in figurative extensions: 卢勒克斯：一种由塑料膜铝丝制成的纤维纱的商标。这一商标常以大写或小写形式出现在书面材料中作为一个定语：“卢勒克斯袜成为显耀的摇滚乐男乐师腿部的时尚标志” （女子服饰日报）。这个词也常以其比喻引申义出现： 〔Technicolor〕A trademark used for a method of making color motion pictures in which films sensitive to different primary colors are exposed simultaneously and are later superimposed to produce the full-color print. This trademark, capitalized and lowercased, often occurs in figurative contexts in print:彩色印片法：用于制作彩色动画片方法的商标，对不同的基本色彩敏感的胶片被立即曝光，然后叠加制成全彩色的照片。大写的和小写的这种商标经常出现在印刷品的表示比喻的上下文中：〔black〕Black is often capitalized in its use to denote persons, though the lowercased formblack is still widely used by authors of all races: Black 用于指人时经常大写， 虽然小写的black 仍为各个种族的作家广泛使用： 〔Jetway〕A trademark used for a telescoping corridor that extends from an airport terminal to an aircraft, for the boarding and disembarkation of passengers. This trademark often occurs in print in lowercase:登机线路标志：用于对登机和着陆的乘客指示从航空站到飞机的直接通路的标志。这种标志常以小写印刷体字母出现：〔Windbreaker〕A trademark used for a warm outer jacket having close-fitting, often elastic, cuffs and waistband. This trademark often occurs in print in lowercase and in the plural:防风外衣，风衣：用于一种温暖的茄克式外套的商标，领圈和腰部通常有松紧带且紧身。这种商标印刷时常用小写和复数：〔TelePrompTer〕A trademark used for a device employed in television to show an actor or a speaker an enlarged line-by-line reproduction of a script, unseen by the audience. This trademark often occurs in print in lowercase:读稿机，讲词提示器：一种在电视中使用、向演员或发言人显示不为观众所见的放大的一行行台词的设备的商标。这一商标经常出现在小写印刷体中：〔species〕An organism belonging to such a category, represented in binomial nomenclature by an uncapitalized Latin adjective or noun following a capitalized genus name, as inAnanas comosus, the pineapple, and Equus caballus, the horse. 有机生物体：用拉丁双名术语代表的生物种，由小写的拉丁文形容词或名词跟在大写该属名之后组成，如毛凤梨 ，指菠萝，和 马属 ，指马 〔minuscule〕Of, relating to, or written in miniscule.小写的，用小书写体的：用小写写的，与小写有关的〔Kleenex〕A trademark used for a soft facial tissue. This trademark sometimes occurs in print, capitalized or lowercased, with the general meaning "a facial tissue":"handed out police badges to a platoon of extras and later dispensed Kleenexes to the same extras dressed in funereal black" (Los Angeles Times). “‘Does somebody have a Kleenex?’ she asked" (New York Times). The trademark is also used in print in figurative extensions as an adjective: 克里内克斯：用于一种柔软的面部用的纸巾的商标。这一商标有时在印刷、大写的或小写中出现，一般意为“面部用的纸巾”“向一队临时演员分发警徽，后来又向这些穿着黑色丧服的临时演员分发克里克斯纸巾” （洛杉矶时报） “‘有人有克里内克斯纸巾吗？’她问道” （纽约时报）、这一商标还作为一个形容词比喻的外延用于出版物中： 〔website〕The transition fromWorld Wide Web site to Web site to website seems to have progressed as rapidly as the technology itself. The development of website as a single uncapitalized word mirrors the development of other technological expressions which have tended to evolve into unhyphenated forms as they become more familiar. Thus email has recently been gaining ground over the forms E-mail and e-mail, especially in texts that are more technologically oriented. Similarly, there has been an increasing preference for closed forms like homepage, online, and printout. 从使用World Wide Web（万维网） 一词到 Web site（网络网站） 一词，再到 website（网站） 一词，其渐进过程，似乎就像网络科技本身那样进步快速。当 website 发展成为一个小写单词时，也正反映出其它科技字眼的发展也趋向于成为一般无连字符号单词，而且越来越为人所熟知。所以， email 一字近来已逐渐普遍取代 E-mail 及 e-mail ，尤其是在比较科技类范围的文章中。同样的，也有越来越喜欢采用封闭形态字型的趋势，例如 homepage（首页）、online（在线） 和 printout（印出） 〔Playbill〕A trademark used for a program of a theatrical performance. This trademark often occurs in lowercase in print:剧场节目单：用作戏剧演出节目单的商标，这一商标常以小写形式出现在印刷中：〔Plexiglas〕A trademark used for a light, transparent, weather-resistant thermoplastic. This trademark, which often occurs in attributive contexts, also occurs in many instances lowercased and spelledplexiglass : 耐热有机玻璃：用作一种轻质、透明、防风雨的热塑料的商标这一商标常出现在定语的上下文中，也在许多小写的和拼写成plexiglass 的例子中出现： 〔deaf〕Some writers have lately introduced a distinction between the lowercase noundeaf, which is used to refer simply to people with extensive hearing disorders, and the capitalized noun Deaf, which refers to the culture and community that has grown up around the use of American Sign Language as a primary means of communication.最近，一些作家提出小写的名词deaf 和大写的名词 Deaf 之间的一个不同点，前者仅用于指全面听力障碍的人；而后者指一种文化和一个团体， 他们通过把美国手势语言作为首要使用的交流方式而逐渐形成的〔majuscule〕A large letter, either capital or uncial, used in writing or printing.大字母：书写或印刷中的大字母、大写或小写〔Velcro〕A trademark used for a fastening tape consisting of a strip of nylon with a surface of minute hooks that fasten to a corresponding strip with a surface of uncut pile, used especially on cloth products, such as outerwear, luggage, and athletic shoes. This trademark sometimes occurs in print in lowercase:"dart boards with velcro balls for darts" (American Banker). It also occurs as a verb: "We might Velcro the camera to the window, to steady it" (Washington Post). The trademark occurs in figurative contexts as well: 维可牢：一种尼龙刺粘搭链的商标，该搭链由一条表面有细小钩子的尼龙条与表面有毛圈的对应的尼龙条粘合面构成，尤指用于布制品上，如外套、箱包以及田径鞋等。该商标有时用小写母排印：“在掷镖游戏中用的带维可牢球的靶” （美国银行家）。它也以动词的形式出现： “我们可以把照相机用维可牢粘在窗上，使其固定下来” （华盛顿邮报）。该商标也同样出现在象征性的语境中： |
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