| 单词 | 尔斯 |
| 释义 | 〔Badajoz〕A city of southwest Spain on the Guadiana River near the Portugal border. An ancient fortress city, it rose to prominence under the Moors as the seat (1022-1094) of a vast independent emirate. Population, 92,800.巴达霍斯：西班牙西南部一城市，位于葡萄牙边界附近的瓜迪亚纳河岸边。为古代要塞城市，曾在摩尔斯（1022-1094年）的庞大独立酋长国统治下繁荣昌盛。人口92,800〔Melkite〕A member of the Christian churches in Egypt and Syria that accepted the Council of Chalcedon.麦尔凯特：接受恰尔斯丹会议的埃及和叙利亚之基督教教徒〔Socinus〕Italian theologian who based his anti-Trinitarian teachings on the doctrine formulated by his uncleLaelius Socinus (1525-1562), originally Lelio Francesco Maria Sozzini. Their system of Socinianism greatly influenced the development of Unitarian theology. 索齐尼，福斯图斯：(1539-1604) 意大利神学家，他反对三位一体论，其教义以他的叔叔利力尔斯·索齐尼 (1525-1562年），原名莱利奥·弗朗西斯科·马利亚·索齐尼所构想的教义为基础。他们的索齐尼斯主义体系极大地影响了唯一神教派神学的发展 〔iridescent〕"The prelude was as iridescent as a prism in a morning room"(Carson McCullers)“这个序曲就象清晨房间里的一块三棱镜一样灿烂辉煌”(卡森·麦克卡勒尔斯)〔Geordie〕A native or inhabitant of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, or its environs.北英格兰人：英格兰泰恩河上纽尔斯卡及其周围的本地人或居民〔Wigglesworth〕English-born American cleric and poet whose works include the popular poemThe Day of Doom (1662). 威格尔斯沃思，迈克尔：(1631-1705) 英裔美国牧师和诗人，他的作品包括受广大人民喜欢的诗歌《世界末日》 （1662年） 〔Natal〕A region of southeast Africa on the Indian Ocean. First sighted by Vasco da Gama on Christmas Day 1497 and namedTerra Natalis, it was acquired by the British in the 1820's and 1830's and settled by the Boers after 1836. Natal became a British colony in 1843 and was later a separate colony (after 1856) and then a founding province of the country of South Africa (1910). 纳塔尔省：印度洋边非洲东南部的一个地区。最先被凡斯科·达·伽马于1497圣诞节那一天发现，并且命名为特拉· 纳塔利斯 ，在19世纪20年代和30年代归于英国。1836年后被伯尔斯占据，纳塔尔在1843年成为英国的殖民地，不久成为一个独立的殖民地(1856年以后），以后又成为南非国家的基础省(1910年） 〔transitory〕"the disorder of his life: the succession of cities, of transitory loves"(Carson McCullers)See Synonyms at transient “他混乱的生活：不断的变换他生活的城市和转瞬即逝的爱情”(卡森·麦克卡勒尔斯) 参见 transient〔strip〕"He stripped the skin from the banana" (John Galsworthy).“他剥去了香蕉皮” （约翰·盖尔斯威斯）。〔Norilsk〕A city of northern Siberian U.S.S.R. Founded in 1935, it is the center of an important mining region. Population, 180,000.诺里尔斯克：苏联西伯利亚北部的城市。建于1935年，是重要矿区的中心。人口180,000〔Forbes〕American publisher and businessman who founded and edited (1916-1954)Forbes magazine. His son Malcolm Stevenson Forbes (1919-1990), who assumed the editorship in 1957, was an avid collector and set six world records in hot-air ballooning in 1973. 福布斯，贝（尔蒂尔）·查（尔斯）：(1880-1954) 美国的出版家和商人，他创立并编辑了（1916-1954年）《福布斯》 。其子 马尔科姆·史帝芬生·福布斯 （1919-1990年）1957年继承了他的事业，是个热心的收藏家，1973年在热气球飞行中创下了六个世界记录 〔tillandsia〕after Elias Tillands (1640-1693), Finno-Swedish botanist 源自伊来尔斯 蒂兰斯 （1640-1693年），芬兰-瑞典植物学家 〔revere〕"O come, let us adore him, Christ the Lord!” ("Adeste Fideles"). “哦，来，让我们敬爱他，基督!” （“阿迪斯特·菲得尔斯”）。 〔Palencia〕A city of northern Spain north-northeast of Valladolid. Site of an ancient Roman settlement, it was recovered from the Moors in the tenth century. Spain's first university was founded here in 1208 but moved to Salamanca in 1238. Population, 74,311.帕伦西亚：西班牙北部城市，位于法来多利省东北偏北。它是古罗马人的聚居区，在10世纪时从摩尔斯地区被发现。公元1208年西班牙的第一所大学在此建立，但于1238年迁至萨拉曼卡。人口74,311〔Dean〕American baseball player. A right-handed pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals (1930-1937), he is best remembered for his 1934 season, in which he won 30 regular-season games, led the league in strikeouts, and won two World Series games.迪安，杰·汉纳：(1911-1974) 美国棒球运动员。他是圣路易卡迪纳尔斯队的投球手（1930-1937年），用右手投球，他在1934年赛季中的表现最让人们难以忘怀，当时他赢得30场定期季赛的胜利，率领全队多次打出三振出局并两次获得世界棒球联赛冠军〔hooker〕In hisPersonal Memoirs Ulysses S. Grant described Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker as "a dangerous man . . . not subordinate to his superiors.” Hooker had his faults, of course.He may indeed have been insubordinate;undoubtedly he was an erratic leader.But there is one thing of which he is often accused that "Fighting Joe" Hooker certainly did not do:he did not give his name to prostitutes.According to a popular story,the men under Hooker's command during the Civil War were a particularly wild bunch.When his troops were on leave,we are told, they spent much of their time in brothels.For this reason, as the story goes,prostitutes came to be known ashookers. It is not difficult to understand how such a theory might have originated.The major general's name differs from the wordhooker only in the capital letter that begins it. And it is true that Hooker's men were at times ill-disciplined (although it seems that liquor, not women, was the main source of their difficulties with the provost marshal).However attractive this theory may be,it cannot be true.The wordhooker, with the sense "prostitute,” is in fact older than the Civil War. It appeared in the second edition (although not in the first) of John Russell Bartlett'sDictionary of Americanisms, published in 1859.Bartlett definedhooker as "a strumpet, a sailor's trull.” He also said that the word was derived from Corlear's Hook,a district in New York City,but this was only a guess.There is no evidence that the term originated in New York.Norman Ellsworth Eliason has traced this use ofhooker back to 1845 in North Carolina. He reported the usage inTarheel Talk; an Historical Study of the English Language in North Carolina to 1860, published in 1956. The fact that we have no earlier written evidence does not mean thathooker was never used to mean "prostitute" before 1845. The history ofhooker is, quite simply, murky; we do not know when or where it was first used,but we can be very certain that it did not begin with Joseph Hooker.Also, we have no firm evidence that it came from Corlear's Hook.Scholarly evidence or lack thereof notwithstanding,the late Bruce Catton, the Civil War historian, did not go so far as to exonerate completely the Union general.Although "the term ‘hooker’ did not originate during the Civil War,”wrote Catton, "it certainly became popular then.During these war years, Washington developed a large [red-light district] somewhere south of Constitution Avenue.This became known as Hooker's Division in tribute to the proclivities of General Joseph Hookerand the name has stuck ever since.”If the termhooker was derived neither from Joseph Hooker nor from Corlear's Hook, what is its derivation?It is most likely that thishooker is, etymologically, simply "one who hooks.” The term portrays a prostitute as a person who hooks, or snares, clients.尤利西斯·S·格兰特在他的个人回忆录 中把陆军少将约瑟夫·胡克描写成“一个危险人物…从不服从于他的顶头上司”。 胡克当然有他的缺点。他也许曾是一个难以屈服的人；但他无疑是一个怪癖的军官。但是“好战的乔”，胡克却因为一件他肯定没有干过的事情而屡遭指责；他从不对妓女透露他的姓名。根据一个流行故事，内战中胡克的手下有一伙特别狂野的人们。当他的队伍即将离开时，据说他们总在妓院里消磨时日。故事还说正因为如此，妓女开始被叫做hookers。 我们不难理解这样一个故事的起源的推测。这个将军的名字和hooker 只差开头的一个大写字母。 而且胡克的手下在当时确实纪律涣散（尽管看来是酒而非女人才导致了他们与宪兵司令之间的矛盾）。不管这个故事多么诱人，它不可能是真实的。事实上hooker 一词作为“妓女”的意思比内战的历史还要早。 它出现于约翰·罗素·巴特利特编纂的美国俗语词典 的第二版（尽管第一版中没有）， 出版于1859年。巴特利特把hooker 定义为“一个妓女，水手的妓女”。 他还说这个词来源于科利尔的胡克，纽约市的一个地区，但这只是一个猜想。没有证据证明这一说法源于纽约。诺曼·爱尔斯华斯·艾利森把hooker 的用法追溯到1845年的北卡罗来纳州。 他在1956年出版的北卡罗来纳州闲话； 1860年前北卡罗来纳英语历史研究 中说明了这一用法。 缺乏早期书面证据这一事实并不意味着在1845年之前hooker 没有被用作“妓女”一义。 很简单，hooker 的历史隐晦难知； 我们不知道它在何时何地被首次使用，但我们可以肯定它并不始于约瑟夫·胡克。而且我们没有确凿证据证明它来源于科利尔的胡克。不管有无学术性的证据，已故的内战历史学家布鲁斯·卡通并没有做到为联邦将军彻底开脱的地步。尽管“‘hooker’这一词语并不是来源于内战，”卡通写道，“在那之后它肯定流行了起来。在战争年代，华盛顿在宪法大街南部某个地方发展了很大的［红灯区］。人们把这里称作胡克的辖区，作为对约瑟夫·胡克将军怪癖的献礼，这个名字从此便生根发芽”。如果hooker 这一词语既不是源于约瑟夫·胡克也不来自于科利尔的胡克， 那么它的词源究竟是什么呢?从词源学上来说hooker 很有可能仅仅是“引…上钩的人”。 这一词语把妓女描绘成一个勾引或引诱客人的人〔aggravate〕It is sometimes claimed thataggravate should be used only to mean "to make worse" and not "to irritate.” Based on this view it would be appropriate to sayThe endless wait for luggage aggravates the misery of modern air travel, but not It's the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most. But the latter use dates back as far as the 17th century and is accepted by 68 percent of the Usage Panel. As H.W. Fowler wrote, "the extension from aggravating a person's temper to aggravating the person himself is slight and natural,and when we are told that Wackford Squeers [in Dickens'sNicholas Nickleby ] pinched the boys in aggravating places we may reasonably infer that his choice of places aggravated both the pinches and the boys.”有时认为aggravate 应当只被用来表示“加重；使恶化”的意思而不表示“使恼火；激怒”。 根据这种观点，The endless wait for luggage aggravates the misery of modern air travel（无休止地等待行李加重了现代飞机旅行的困难） 这个句子是正确的，而 It's the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most（无休止地等待行李最为令我恼火） 这一句则不正确。 但是后一种用法可以追溯到17世纪，并且被百分之六十八的用法使用小组成员所接受。正如H·W·福勒写道，“从使一个人的脾气变得更坏到使一个人恼火的延伸是微小和自然的，当我们看到威克福特·斯贵尔斯［出自狄更斯的小说尼古拉斯·尼克尔贝 ］往令人恼火的地方拧孩子们时， 我们可以合理地推断出他所选择的地方既加剧了拧的疼痛又令孩子们大为恼火。”〔Lewis〕British writer and critic. His works includeThe Allegory of Love (1936) and a series of fictional books for children collectively known as The Chronicles of Narnia (1950-1956). 刘易斯，克（莱武）·斯（特普尔斯）：(1898-1963) 英国作家和文学评论家。著作包括《爱情寓言》 （1936年）和一系列儿童故事集，合称 《纳尼亚记事》 （1950年至1956年） 〔hinder〕"Do not block the way of inquiry" (Charles S. Peirce).“不要妨碍询问” （查尔斯·S·派尔斯）。〔Kennedy〕A peak, 4,241 m (13,905 ft) high, in the St. Elias Mountains of Yukon Territory, Canada, near the Alaskan border. Discovered in 1935, it was named for President John F. Kennedy and climbed for the first time in 1965.肯尼迪峰：圣伊来尔斯山的一个山峰，海拔4,241米（13,905英尺），位于加拿大育空地区，靠近美国阿拉斯加州边界。于1935年被发现，以约翰·F·肯尼迪总统命名，1965年首次有人攀登此峰〔Daugavpils〕A city of western European U.S.S.R. southeast of Riga. Founded in the 13th century, it was held by Lithuania and Poland before being ceded to Russia in 1771. Population, 124,000.陶格夫匹尔斯：苏联西欧部分一城市，位于里加东南部。建成于13世纪，1771年割让给俄国之前归属立陶宛和波兰。人口124,000〔Eskilstuna〕A city of southeast Sweden west of Stockholm. It was chartered in 1659. Population, 88,664.埃斯基尔斯土纳：瑞典东南部位于斯德哥尔摩西面的一座城市，659年被特许为特区。人口88,664〔strength〕"The same energy of character which renders a man a daring villain would have rendered him useful to society, had that society been well organized" (Mary Wollstonecraft).“要是社会秩序良好的话，同样的使一个人成为无所不为的恶棍的性格中的潜力说不定会使他成为一个对社会有用的人” （玛丽·伍尔斯通克拉芙特）。 |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。