| 单词 | 局面 |
| 释义 | 〔insurance〕an insurance run.保持领先局面的步跑〔checkmate〕The position or condition of a king so attacked.将死：“国王”处于被将死的位置或局面〔resource〕The ability to deal with a difficult or troublesome situation effectively; initiative:才略，急智：有效对付困难或麻烦局面的能力；开创精神：〔war〕A piece of liverwurst may perhaps help us gain some insight into the nature of war,at least into the semantic history of the wordwar. War and the -wurst part of liverwurst can be traced back to the same Indo-European root, wers-, "to confuse, mix up.” In the Germanic family of the Indo-European languages,this root gave rise to several words having to do with confusion or mixture of various kinds.In the case of the ancestry ofwar, the hypothetical Germanic stem .werza-, "confusion,” became .werra-, which passed into Old French, a language descended from spoken Latin but supplemented by more than 200 words borrowed from the Frankish invaders of the 5th century.From the Germanic stem came both the formwerre in Old North French, the form borrowed into English in the 12th century, and guerre (the source of guerilla ) in the rest of the Old French-speaking area. Both forms meant "war,” a very confused condition indeed.Meanwhile another Indo-European form derived from the same Indo-European root had developed into Old High Germanwurst, meaning "sausage,” from an underlying sense of "mixture,” which is, of course, related to the sense of the root "to confuse, mix up.”Modern Germanwurst was borrowed into English in the 19th century, first by itself (recorded in 1855) and then as part of the wordliverwurst (1869), the liver being a translation of Germanleber in leberwurst. 一块肝肠也许会帮助我们对战争的性质增加些认识，至少可了解war这一词的语义史。 War和 liverwurst 的一部分 -wurst 可以追溯到同一印欧语系词根 wers- “使迷惑，混杂”。 在印欧语系中的日耳曼语系中，该词根造出了好几个与迷惑或各种东西的混合物有关的词语。在war 的词源一例中，假定的日耳曼语词干 werza- “迷惑”变成了 werra- ， 又传入了来自拉丁语口语的古法语中，但是又附加了由5世纪法兰克侵略者带来的200多个单词。从日耳曼语词干中，既产生了古老的北部法语中的werre (12世纪该词传入英语），又产生了其它讲古法语地区的人用的 guerre ( guerilla 的词源）。 两个形式都表示“战争”，一个的确很糟糕的局面。同时，另一个从相同的印欧语系词根派生来的印欧语形式发展成了旧高地德语wurst “香肠”， 这是从其潜含义“混合物”而来的，“混合物”显然与“使困惑，混杂”的词根的含义有关。现代德语中的wurst 于19世纪传入英语中， 首先是它的独立形式（记载于1855年），然后是liverwurst 的一部分(1869年）， “肝”这层含义是由德语leberwurst 中的 leber 翻译而来 〔appeasement〕The policy of granting concessions to potential enemies to maintain peace.绥靖政策：为保持和平局面而向潜在的敌人做出让步的政策〔relieve〕relieved all his symptoms; relieved the tension.减轻了他的所有症状；缓和紧张局面〔thing〕Let's deal with this thing promptly.我们迅速处理这种局面吧〔joke〕An amusing or ludicrous incident or situation.可笑的事：有趣的或滑稽可笑的事情或局面〔snarl〕A confused, complicated, or tangled situation; a predicament.错综的局面：混乱的、复杂的、交织在一起的形势；困境〔facet〕One of numerous aspects, as of a subject; a phase.See Synonyms at phase 某一方面：众多方面中的一个，如主题的某个方面；局面 参见 phase〔jumble〕A disordered state; a muddle:一团乱：凌乱无序的状态，混乱状态，糟糕的局面：〔oil〕an attorney who tried to oil the judge's hand in order to obtain a directed verdict favorable to his client.为使判决导向有利于其委托人的局面而试着向法官行贿的律师〔fix〕A difficult or embarrassing situation; a predicament.See Synonyms at predicament 困境，窘境：很困难的或发窘的局面；难题 参见 predicament〔tragicomedy〕An incident or a situation having both comic and tragic elements.悲喜交加：同时具有可笑及悲剧成分的事件或局面〔mess〕A confused, troubling, or embarrassing condition; a muddle:混乱的局面：混乱的、扰乱的或令人困窘的情境；混乱：〔dexterous〕Adroit implies ease and natural skill, especially in dealing with challenging situations: Adroit 暗示自在，自然巧妙尤指处理引起争议的局面： 〔shambles〕A scene or condition of complete disorder or ruin:混乱的局面：一种完全混乱或毁坏的景象或状态：〔impasse〕A situation that is so difficult that no progress can be made; a deadlock or a stalemate:僵局：很困难以致于不能取得进展的局面；僵持或对峙：〔thing〕A particular state of affairs; a situation:局面：事物的特殊状态；形势：〔gridlock〕"the political gridlock that prevented . . . the President and Congress from moving expeditiously to cut the budget"(Robert D. Hormats)“目前政局的僵持局面使总统和国会都不能迅速地采取行动以削减预算”(罗伯特D.霍马茨)〔moral〕moral scrutiny; a moral quandary.道德上的审查；道德上的两难局面〔carry〕carried off the difficult situation with aplomb.镇静地应付了困难的局面〔thorny〕a thorny situation; thorny issues.棘手的局面；棘手的问题〔situation〕The combination of circumstances at a given moment; a state of affairs.See Synonyms at state 形势，局面：在特定时刻各种情况的综合；事态 参见 state〔imbroglio〕A difficult or intricate situation; an entanglement.错综复杂的局面：一种困难的或复杂的情况；纠纷〔fusion〕A fusion of religion and politics emerged.出现了政教合一的局面〔chess〕short for Old French esches [pl. of] eschec [check in chess] * see check 古法语 esches的简写 eschec的复数 [象棋中被“将军”的局面] * 参见 check〔where〕Whenwhere is used to refer to a point of origin, the prepositionfrom is required: Where did she come from? When it is used to refer to a point of destination,the prepositionto is generally superfluous: Where is she going? ( preferable toWhere is she going to? ). When it is used to refer to the place at which an event or a situation is located,the use ofat is widely regarded as regional or colloquial: Where is the station? (not Where is the station at? ). The idiomatic phrasewhere it's at, widely used in the 1960's to refer to "the current state of things,” is now largely pass?, except when used for stylistic effect: 当where 被用来指起源方面时， 介词from 就需要用上： 她从哪里来? 当它被用来指目的地时，介词to 就通常是多余的： 她要去哪里? ( 比起她要向哪里去? 更可取）。 当它被用来指事件所发生的场合或一种局面形势所处的地方时，使用at 则被广泛认作是地区性的或口语化的： 车站在哪里? （而不是 车站位于什么地方? )。 惯用语短语where it's at 在20世纪60年代广泛被用来指“事情的当前状态”，现已很大程度上过时了， 除非当我们用它来加强文体效果： 〔ground〕An area or a position that is contested in or as if in battle:阵地：在战争或类似战争的局面中争夺的地区或阵地：〔equal〕Having the requisite qualities, such as strength or ability, for a task or situation:胜任的：具备所需要的条件，如体力或能力，以应付一项工作或局面：〔insurance〕Of, relating to, or being a score that increases a team's lead enough to prevent the opposing team from tying the game with one more score:巩固球队领先局面，使对手不能因增加一分而成平局的： |
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