| 单词 | 屋顶 |
| 释义 | 〔mansard〕A roof having two slopes on all four sides, with the lower slope almost vertical and the upper almost horizontal.复斜屋顶：四面均有两层斜坡的屋顶，下面一层近乎垂直，上面一层近乎水平〔mansard〕The upper story formed by the lower slope of a mansard roof.复折式屋顶顶层间：由复折式屋顶中下面一层形成的顶层间〔deck〕from Middle Dutch dec [roof, covering] * see (s)teg- 源自 中古荷兰语 dec [屋顶，覆盖物] * 参见 (s)teg- 〔principal〕The main truss or rafter that supports and gives form to a roof.橼木：构成或加固屋顶用的桁架或橼木〔span〕The extent or measure of space between two points or extremities, as of a bridge or roof; the breadth.跨度：两点或两端间的空间或距离，如桥或屋顶；宽度〔asphalt〕A brownish-black solid or semisolid mixture of bitumens obtained from native deposits or as a petroleum byproduct, used in paving, roofing, and waterproofing.沥青，柏油：一种黑褐色固体或半固体沥青混合物，采自天然矿藏或是石油的副产品，用于铺路，封屋顶和防水〔chimney〕The part of such a structure that rises above a roof.烟囱管：这种结构高出屋顶的部分〔ridgepole〕A horizontal beam at the ridge of a roof to which the rafters are attached.主梁：椽被附在屋顶边沿的横梁〔dormer〕A window set vertically into a small gable projecting from a sloping roof.屋顶窗，老虎窗：被垂直置于小三角墙上的窗户，小三角墙从倾斜的屋顶伸出〔slope〕a roof that slopes.See Synonyms at slant 倾斜的屋顶 参见 slant〔tholos〕A beehive-shaped stone tomb of Mycenaean Greece, roofed by corbeling and usually built into the side of a hill.圆形建筑：希腊麦锡尼时期的一种利用支柱结构来建构屋顶的蜂窝状石墓，通常建在山边〔garret〕A room on the top floor of a house, typically under a pitched roof; an attic.顶楼：位于一个房子的顶部一层的一种屋子，尤其指位于一固定屋顶之下；阁楼〔hammerbeam〕A short horizontal beam projecting inward at the top of an interior wall, used in opposite pairs instead of a tie beam as an attachment for rafters and a support for arched roof braces.锤梁：在内墙顶端往内伸出的平行短梁，取代结梁相对装设，作为连接椽并且为拱型屋顶的支撑物〔dome〕and from French dôme [roof] from Provençal doma from Greek dōma [house] * see dem- 并源自 法语 dôme [屋顶] 源自 普罗旺斯语 doma 源自 希腊语 dōma [房屋] * 参见 dem- 〔downspout〕A vertical pipe for carrying rainwater down from a roof gutter.水落管：从屋顶水槽接下的竖直导水管〔breezeway〕A roofed, open-sided passageway connecting two structures, such as a house and a garage.有顶过道：联接两幢建筑物的带屋顶的侧边敞开的过道，如房子和车库的〔palapa〕An open-sided dwelling with a thatched roof made of dried palm leaves.棕榈屋：一种边上开着的房子，有干棕榈叶覆盖而成的屋顶〔give〕The roof gave under the weight of the snow.雪压得屋顶快塌了〔canopy〕A protective rooflike covering, often of canvas, mounted on a frame over a walkway or door.帆布篷：一个保护性的屋顶状遮蔽物，常用帆布制成，置于一个走廊或门的架上〔tile〕tile floors; a tile roof.瓦面地板；瓦面屋顶〔gable〕The whole end wall of a building or wing having a gable roof.三角墙，山墙：建有人字形屋顶的房屋的整个末端墙面〔weather〕To slope (a roof, for example) so as to shed water.使成斜面：使（比如屋顶）倾斜以利于排水〔Quonset〕A trademark used for a prefabricated portable hut having a semicircular roof of corrugated metal that curves down to form walls. This trademark often occurs in attributive contexts in print:"a Quonset building that once stored grain" (Chicago Tribune); "an unassuming assemblage of clapboard buildings, Quonset storage huts, and docks" (Christian Science Monitor). It sometimes occurs in lowercase: 匡西特活动房屋：一种用来指由预制件组成的可移动小屋的商标。小屋屋顶为半圆形，为波纹金属，卷下来可组成墙壁。在印刷品中，这个商标经常出现在表定语的语境中：“曾用来贮藏粮食的匡西特式建筑物” （芝加哥论坛）； “一堆毫不起眼的隔板建筑物，匡西特储藏屋和船坞” （基督教科学箴言报）。有时它也以小写出现： 〔houseleek〕Any of various plants of the genusSempervivum native to the Old World, especially S. tectorum, having a persistent, basal rosette of fleshy leaves and a branching cluster of pinkish or purplish flowers. Also called live-forever ,old-man-and-woman 长生草属植物：长生草属 植物，产于欧洲大陆，尤指 屋顶长生草 ，具有不落的肥厚叶片，叶片的底部呈莲座型，有淡粉色或淡紫色的分枝花簇 也作 live-forever,old-man-and-woman〔bargeboard〕A board, often ornately carved, attached along the projecting edge of a gable roof.山墙封檐板：常做装饰性雕刻的木板，与三角屋顶突出来的边相连〔wattle〕A construction of poles intertwined with twigs, reeds, or branches, used for walls, fences, and roofs.柳栅：用嫩枝、芦苇或枝条编成的构架，用以筑墙、篱笆和屋顶〔teem〕roofs bristling with television antennas;充满了电视天线的屋顶；〔slate〕To cover (a roof, for example) with slate.用板岩覆盖（例如屋顶）〔slate〕A piece of this rock cut for use as roofing or surfacing material or as a writing surface.石板：一片这种岩石，切割后用作屋顶、铺面材料或书写平面〔peak〕the peak of a cap; the peak of a roof.帽檐；屋顶的尖部〔attic〕A story or room directly below the roof of a building, especially a house.顶楼，阁楼：建筑中，尤其是房子中间屋顶下面的楼层或房屋〔gutter〕Certain household words have proved important as markers for major U.S. dialect boundaries.The channels along the edge of a roof for carrying away rainwater (normally referred to in the plural) are variously known aseaves spouts or eaves troughs in New England and the Great Lakes states, spouting or rainspouts in New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania, and the Delmarva Peninsula, andgutters from Virginia southward. The transition points mark unusually clear boundaries for the three major dialect areas—Northern, Midland, and Southern—traditionally acknowledged by scholars of American dialects.Atypically, Southerngutters seems to have become the standard U.S. term. 某些常用词作为区分美国各主要方言的标志是非常重要的。在新英格兰和五大湖区，这种装在屋顶边缘用来排走雨水的沟槽（一般都是用作复数）被叫做eaves spouts 或 eaves troughs ， 而在新泽西，宾夕法尼亚州东部和德马华群岛被叫做spouting 或 rainspouts ， 弗吉尼亚以南人们把它称为gutters 。 这些转变表明了美国方言三大区域通常中比较清楚的边界，这三个地区是北部，中部和南部地区，这通常已为美国的方言学者所确认。而南方人使用的gutters 似乎已经成为美国英语中正规的名称，这种情况是不太常见的 〔receive〕The beams receive the full weight of the walls and roof.椽子承受着墙和屋顶的全部重量〔zax〕A tool similar to a hatchet, used for cutting and dressing roofing slates.石斧：类似于短柄小斧的一种工具，用来修琢屋顶石板〔lantern〕A structure built on top of a roof with open or windowed walls to admit light and air.天窗灯笼式屋顶：建在房屋顶部的一种建筑物，带有敞开的或有窗子的墙以通阳光和空气〔pitch〕pitched the roof at a steep angle.将屋顶搭成陡斜式〔rooftree〕The ridgepole of a roof.栋梁，脊梁：屋顶的主梁〔panelized〕Consisting of or characterized by prefabricated wall, floor, and roof sections that are shipped to and assembled at the building site:预制的：由预制的墙、地板和屋顶等部分构成的，或以其特征的，这些预制的部分运送到建筑现场：〔leaky〕a leaky roof; a leaky defense system.有漏缝的屋顶；被泄密的防御体系〔gallery〕In Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and southern Alabama,an open roofed porch that runs along at least one side of a house is called agallery: "Out on the small front gallery she had hung Bobinôt's Sunday clothes to air" (Kate Chopin).Craig M. Carver, the author ofAmerican Regional Dialects, points out that the word gallery, from Old French galerie, was borrowed into British English in the 15th century and was brought over to the American colonies by English-speaking settlers.Although the word in the sense "porch" did not survive in the American English of the East Coast,it was borrowed separately, probably from Acadian French,into the English of 18th-century Louisianaand there survived as part of the Gulf Southern dialect.在得克萨斯州、阿肯色州、路易斯安那州、密西西比和南部阿拉巴马，至少在房屋的一侧延伸出来的一种敞开屋顶的门廊被称作gallery： “出了前面的小门廊，她把博比内的最好的衣服晾在那里” （凯特·肖邦）。美国区域方言 的作者克雷格·M·卡弗尔指出 gallery 来源于古代法语 galerie ， 在15世纪借入英语并由讲英语的殖民者带入美国殖民地。虽然该词当作“门廊”的意义没有在东海岸的美式英语中保存下来，但是它很有可能被分开借自阿卡迪亚的法语，并在18世纪进入路易斯安那英语，并在那里保存下来而成为南部港口方言的一部分 |
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