| 单词 | 州长 |
| 释义 | 〔Grasso〕American public official. As governor of Connecticut (1975-1981), she was the first woman to achieve an American state governorship in her own right.格拉索，埃拉·塔姆布斯：(1919-1981) 美国政府官员，作为康涅狄格州的州长（1975-1981年），她是凭自己的能力获得美国州长职位的第一位女性〔Huntington〕American Revolutionary leader. He was president of the Continental Congress (1779-1781 and 1783), a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and governor of Connecticut (1786-1796).亨廷顿，塞缪尔：(1731-1796) 美国独立战争领袖。曾任大陆会议主席(1779至1781年，及1783年），《独立宣言》签字者之一，康涅狄格州州长(1786-1796年）〔governor〕The American Revolution did away with much that was British,but it neglected to discard an important British political term.The wordgovernor certainly seems to denote a very American office, and England has no corresponding official with that title for its counties.Nonetheless,governor has had a long history in English with reference to political rulers. In Middle Englishgovernour, the ancestor of governor, meant both "a sovereign ruler" and "a subordinate or substitute ruler.”In the later sense it was a natural term to use for heads of the British colonies in North America as well as elsewhere.During our colonial periodroyal governors were often unpopular,yet the word was not dropped after the Revolutionary Warand in fact was chosen to designate the executive head of a state when the United States of America was created.美国独立战争扫除了英国的许多东西，但却忽略了摒弃一个重要的英国政治术语。governor 这个单词肯定被看作是一个美国官方职务， 因为英国没有这样的官方职务。然而governor 作政权统治者含义在英国有很长的历史。 在中世纪的英语里，governour 是 governor 的前身， 意思是“主权统治者”和“下一级统治者或代理统治者。”用后一个意思来指英国在北美的殖民地或其他地方的首脑是很贴切的。在美国殖民地时期，皇家总督不大为人所知，然而这个词在独立战争以后并没被废除，实际上它被用来指美国建国以后各州的州长了〔involve〕evidence that involved the governor in the scandal.州长牵连进丑闻的证据〔command〕The governor directed the attorney general to investigate allegations of police corruption.州长指示总检察长调查警察腐败的辩解之词。〔Henry〕American Revolutionary leader and orator. A member of the House of Burgesses (1765) and the Continental Congress (1774-1776), he spurred the creation of the Virginia militia with his words "Give me liberty, or give me death" (1775). He also served as governor of Virginia (1776-1790).亨利，帕特里克：(1736-1799) 美国革命领袖，演讲家。曾为弗吉尼亚议会议员(1765年）及大陆会议议员(1774-1776年）。他的宣言“不自由毋宁死”(1775年）推动了弗吉亚民兵的创立。他曾任弗吉尼亚州州长(1776-1790年）〔Roosevelt〕The 32nd President of the United States (1933-1945). Governor of New York (1929-1932), he ran for President with the promise of a New Deal for the American people. His administration was marked by relief programs, measures to increase employment and assist industrial and agricultural recovery from the Depression, and World War II. He was the only U.S. President to be reelected three times (1936, 1940, and 1944). He died in office.罗斯福，富兰克林·德拉诺：(1882-1945) 美国第三十二任总统(1933-1945年），任美国纽约州州长(1929-1932年）参加总统的竞选诺言是为美国人民实施新政，他的政策以实行和计划、采取措施增加就业、协助工业和农业从大萧条中及复苏，参加第二次世界大战为显著特征。他是唯一一位连任三届(1936,1940和1944年）的美国总统，死于任上〔Clinton〕Vice President of the United States (1805-1812) under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. As governor of New York (1777-1795) he was suspicious of centralized government and opposed New York's ratification of the U.S. Constitution.克林顿，乔治：(1739-1812) 托马斯·杰斐逊及詹姆斯·麦迪逊时期的美国副总统（1805-1812年）。任纽约州州长（1777-1795年）时对中央集权政府持怀疑态度，并且反对纽约州承认美国宪法〔Ross〕American politician who was elected (1924) to complete her deceased husband's term as governor of Wyoming (1925-1927), thereby becoming the first woman governor in the United States.罗斯，奈烈·泰洛：(1876-1977) 美国政治家，1924年当选为美国怀俄明州州长(1925-1927年）以完成她已故丈夫的任期，由此而成为美国第一位女州长〔out〕voted the incompetent governor out.投票罢免无能的州长〔approve〕The senator will give a speech endorsing her party's gubernatorial candidate.参议员将做出支持她所在党派州长候选人的演讲。〔swell〕The governor's full public disclosure only swelled the chorus of protests.州长对公众的详尽透露反而激起一片更强烈的抗议〔councilor〕A member of a council, as one convened to advise a governor.See Usage Note at council 顾问，评议员：委员会成员，例如召集来做州长参谋的人 参见 council〔hemorrhage〕a gubernatorial candidate whose popularity hemorrhaged after a disastrous debate.一位在一次灾难性的辩论之后其受欢迎度大大下降的州长侯选人〔Sevier〕American Revolutionary soldier and politician. He led the settlers who defeated the Loyalists in the Battle of King's Mountain (1780) and later served as the first governor of Tennessee (1796-1801 and 1803-1809).塞维尔，约翰：(1745-1815) 美国革命战士和政治家。在金山战役(1780年）中领导殖民者击败了英国保皇派，后来成为田纳西州的第一位州长(1796-1801和1803-1809年）〔Dole〕American jurist and first governor of the Territory of Hawaii (1900-1903).多尔，桑福德·巴拉尔：(1844-1926) 美国法学家，夏威夷准州首任州长(1900-1903年）〔Rutledge〕American politician and jurist. Governor of South Carolina (1779-1782) and a delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention, he advocated slavery and a strong central government. He also served as an associate justice (1789-1791) and the chief justice (1795) of the U.S. Supreme Court.拉特利奈，约翰：(1739-1800) 美国政治家和律师。作为美国南卡罗来纳州州长(1779-1782年）和美国联邦制宪会议代表，他主张农奴制和强硬的中央政府。他曾任美国最高法院的陪审法官(1789-1791年）和首席法官(1795年）〔Pendleton〕American Revolutionary leader and jurist. He was governor of Virginia (1774-1776) and president of Virginia's Supreme Court of Appeals (1799-1803).彭德尔顿，埃德蒙：(1721-1803) 美国独立战争领袖和法律学家，曾任美国弗吉尼亚州州长(1774-1776年）和维吉尼亚最高上诉法院主席(1799-1803年）〔Reagan〕The 40th President of the United States (1981-1989). An actor turned politician, he was governor of California (1967-1975) and defeated the incumbent Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election. His administration was marked by economic recovery, military involvement in Grenada, Central America, Lebanon, and Libya, and improved relations with the Soviet Union.里根，罗纳德·威尔逊：(生于 1911) 1981年至1989年在位的美国第四十任总统。他原是一个演员，后成为政治活动家，1967年至1975年任加利福尼亚州州长，在1980年的总统大选中，他击败了当时的在职总统吉米·卡特。他的政绩是使经济复苏，对格林纳达、中美洲、黎巴嫩和利比亚进行军事干预，改善与苏联的关系〔Mifflin〕American Revolutionary soldier and politician who served as president of the Continental Congress (1783-1784) and governor of Pennsylvania (1790-1799).米夫林，托马斯：(1744-1800) 美国独立战争期间的战士及政治家，曾任大陆会议主席(1783-1784年）及宾夕法尼亚州州长(1790-1799年）〔wake〕With the governor's defeat the party awoke to the strength of the opposition to its position on abortion.随着州长的失败那个党派清醒地认识到在堕胎问题上反对意见的力量。〔Smith〕American politician. He served as governor of New York (1919-1920 and 1923-1928) and was defeated in the 1928 presidential election by Herbert Hoover.史密斯，阿尔弗烈德·伊曼纽尔：(1873-1944) 美国政治家。1919至1920年和1923至1928年担任纽约州州长，1928年在总统竞选中败于赫伯特·胡佛〔gerrymander〕"An official statement of the returns of voters for senators give[s] twenty nine friends of peace, and eleven gerrymanders.”So reported the May 12, 1813, edition of theMassachusetts Spy. A gerrymander sounds like a strange political beast,which in fact it is, considered from a historical perspective.This beast was named by combining the wordsalamander, "a small lizardlike amphibian,” with the last name of Elbridge Gerry, a former governor of Massachusetts— a state noted for its varied, often colorful political fauna.Gerry (whose name, incidentally, was pronounced with a hardg, though gerrymander is now commonly pronounced with a soft g ) was immortalized in this way because an election district created by members of his party in 1812 looked like a salamander.According to one version of howgerrymander was coined, the shape of the district attracted the eye of the painter Gilbert Stuart,who noticed it on a map hanging in a newspaper editor's office.Stuart decorated the map with a head, wings, and clawsand then said to the editor, "That will do for a salamander!”"Gerrymander!” came the reply.A new political beast was created then and there.The word is first recorded in April 1812 with respect to the creature or its caricature,but it soon came to mean not only "the action of shaping a district to gain political advantage"but also "any representative elected from such a district by that method.”Within the same yeargerrymander was also recorded as a verb. “一份答复参议员选举人的官方声明宣布了二十九个和平伙伴和十一个不公正划分的选区。”在1813年3月12日的一期马萨诸塞州观察报 上有如上报导。 一个不公正划分选区听起来象是一个奇怪的政治怪兽，事实上它是来自历史上的观点。这个怪兽是由两个词合并而命名的，即salamander “一种蜥蜴状的两栖动物，”及马萨诸塞州州长埃尔布里奇·格里的姓。 而马萨诸萨州以其多变的、通常多姿多彩的政治动物群而闻名。格里（他的名字碰巧发重音g， 尽管 gerrymander 现在普遍发轻音 g， ）以此种方式而垂名史册， 因为1812年由他所在党成员组建的选举区就象一只蝾螈。根据一种gerrymander 如何被创造的观点， 该区的形状吸引了一位画家基尔伯特·斯图亚特，他在一家报纸的主编办公室里挂在墙上的地图中发现了它。斯图尔特又画上头、翅膀和爪子，然后对主编说，“那就象只蝾螈了！”"Gerrymander！”主编回答道。此时此地一个新的政治怪兽产生了。这个词于1812年4月首次被记录是在谈到这种牲畜或讽刺的画中，但很快，它就不仅意味“为赢得政治优势的改变区划的行动”，而且有“用此种方法选出的任何代表”的意思。同年gerrymander 也被作为一个动词而记载下来 〔Landon〕American politician who served as governor of Kansas (1933-1937) and ran unsuccessfully for President on the 1936 Republican ticket.兰登，阿尔弗烈德·莫斯曼：(1887-1987) 美国政治家，曾任堪萨斯州州长（1933-1937年），1936年作为共和党侯选人竞选总统失败〔lieutenant〕What is the connection between a lieutenant governor and a lieutenant in the army?In the etymology of the wordlieutenant, at least, the connection lies in their holding a place;that is, the wordlieutenant is from an Old French compound made up of lieu, "place,” and tenant, "holding,” the present participle of the verb tenir, "to hold.” The word in Old French and the borrowed Middle English wordlieutenant, first recorded near the end of the 14th century, referred to a person who acted for another as a deputy.This usage has survived,for example, in our termlieutenant governor, the deputy of the governor and the one who replaces the governor if need be. In military parlancelieutenant appears by itself as well as in compounds such asfirst lieutenant and second lieutenant, which muddy the water a bit,but the original notion of the word in military usage was that the officer it referred to ranked below the next one upand could replace him if need be.A lieutenant in the U.S. Army could thus step into the shoes of a captain.副州长和陆军中尉之间有什么联系?就lieutenant 这个单词的词源来说， 至少，联系在于他们都拥有一个位置；也就是说，lieutenant 这个词源于一个古法语复合词，这个词由 lieu （“场所”）和 tenant （“拥有”）及动词 tenir （“持有，拥有”）的现在分词组成。 古法语的这个词和借用的中古英语词lieutenant 的最早记录出现在14世纪末， 该词指的是代理别人做某事的人。这种用法至今仍使用，例如，我们的短语lieutenant governor（副州长） 州长的副职和必要时代替州长的人。 在军事用语中，lieutenant 单独出现， 也在复合词如first lieutenant 及 second lieutenants 中出现， 这把情况搞复杂了一些，但这个词在军事用语中的原始意义是它所指的军官低于上一级军官，在必要时可以取代他。因此，美国陆军中的一名中尉可以取代上尉〔Stassen〕American politician who served as governor of Minnesota (1938-1943) and made numerous unsuccessful bids for the Republican presidential nomination.史塔生，哈罗德·爱德华：(生于 1907) 美国政治家，曾任明尼苏达州州长(1938-1943年），并多次争取共和党总统的提名失败〔act〕We acted immediately. The governor has not yet acted on the bill.我们马上行动。州长还没有按照法案行事〔Curley〕American politician who as mayor of Boston (1914-1918, 1922-1926, 1930-1934, and 1946-1950) and governor of Massachusetts (1935-1937) was known for his colorful leadership of Boston's Democratic political machine.柯利，詹姆斯·迈克尔：(1874-1958) 美国政治家，历任波士顿市长（1914-1918年、1922-1926年、1930-1934年以及1946-1950年）和马萨诸塞州州长（1935-1937年），因其在波士顿民主党政党组织中的吸引人的领导才能而著称〔gerrymander〕(sala)mander [from the shape of an election district created while Gerry was governor of Massachusetts] (sala)mander [格里任马萨诸塞州州长时从选区形状产生] 〔governor〕The chief executive of a state in the United States.州长：美国一个州的主要行政长官〔Roosevelt〕The 26th President of the United States (1901-1909). A hero of the Spanish-American War, he served as governor of New York (1899-1900) and U.S. Vice President (1901) under William McKinley. On McKinley's assassination (September 1901), he assumed the presidency. Roosevelt's administration was marked by the regulation of trusts, the building of the Panama Canal, and a foreign policy based on the motto "Speak softly and carry a big stick.” He won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize for his mediation in the Russo-Japanese War.罗斯福，狄奥多尔：(1858-1919) 美国第二十六任总统(1901-1909年），他是美西战争的中心人物，曾任纽约州州长(1899-1900年）并在威廉·麦金利被暗杀后(1901年9月）继任总统。他的政策以调节托拉斯集团、建筑巴拿马运河及对外奉行“说话和气，手持大棒”为显著特征。他因调停俄日战争而获1906年度诺贝尔和平奖〔resident〕A colonial official acting as adviser to the ruler of a protected state, often having quasi-gubernatorial powers.殖民地官员：作为被保护国的统治者的顾问的殖民地官员，通常具有类似州长的权力〔governorship〕The office, term, or jurisdiction of a governor.州长的职位、任期或权限〔conciliar〕a conciliar appointment made by the governor; conciliar edicts.州长作出的理事会的任命；理事会社论〔Long〕American politician. As governor of Louisiana (1928-1932) and U.S. senator (1930-1935) he established dictatorial control over the state.朗，休伊·皮尔斯：(1893-1935) 美国政治家。曾任路易斯安那州州长（1928-1932年）和国会参议员（1930-1935年），在该州建立了独裁专制〔Hutchinson〕American colonial official who was unpopular as governor of Massachusetts (1771-1774) because he supported British policies.哈钦森，托马斯：(1711-1780) 美国殖民地官员，曾任马萨诸塞州州长(1771-1774年），因其支持英国的政策而不受欢迎〔hold〕held the governorship for six years.担任了六年的州长〔pin〕The reporter pinned the governor down on the issue of capital punishment.记者强求州长在死刑问题上发表确切看法〔Adams〕American Revolutionary leader whose agitations spurred Bostonians toward rebellion against British occupation and rule. He was a member of the First and Second Continental Congresses, signed the Declaration of Independence, and served as governor of Massachusetts (1794-1797).亚当斯，塞缪尔：(1722-1803) 美国独立战争的领导人，鼓动波士顿人反抗英国统治及英国法律。第一届和第二届大陆会议的成员，签署《独立宣言》并任马萨诸塞州州长（1794-1797年）〔Clinton〕American politician who as governor of New York (1817-1823 and 1825-1828) was a principal supporter of the Erie Canal (completed 1825).克林顿，德威特：(1769-1828) 美国政治家，任纽约州州长（1817-1823年及1825-1828年）时是伊利运河（1825年结束）的主要支持者 |
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