| 单词 | 帆船 |
| 释义 | 〔cringle〕A small ring or grommet of rope or metal fastened to the edge of a sail.索环：一种固定于帆船边沿的绳索或金属上的小环圈或索眼〔turn〕Our sailboat turned turtle during the squall.在风暴中我们的帆船翻了个底朝天〔mainsail〕A quadrilateral or triangular sail set from the after part of the mainmast on a fore-and-aft rigged vessel.主帆：在船头船尾都装有帆的帆船上装在桅后部的呈四角形或三角形的帆〔junk〕The wordjunk is an example of the change in meaning known as generalization, and very aptly too, since the amount of junk in the world seems to be generalizing and proliferating rapidly. The Middle English wordjonk, ancestor of junk, originally had a very specific meaning restricted to nautical terminology.First recorded in 1353,the word meant "an old cable or rope.”On a sailing ship it made little sense to throw away useful materialsince considerable time might pass before one could get new supplies.Old cable was used in a variety of ways,for example, to make fenders,that is, material hung over the side of the ship to protect it from scraping other ships or wharves.Junk came to refer to this old cable as well. The big leap in meaning taken by the word seems to have occurred whenjunk was applied to discarded but useful material in general. This extension may also have taken place in a nautical context,for the earliest, more generalized use ofjunk is found in the compound junk shop, referring to a store where old materials from ships were sold.Junk has gone on to mean useless waste as well. Junk 一词是被称为词义扩大化的例子；由于世界上垃圾的数量正在迅速扩散和激增，该词词义的扩大也是很适宜的。 junk 一词源自古英语单词 jonk ， 其最初的意思只限于航海术语当中。1353年首次记载下来时，该词义为“旧缆绳或旧绳子”。在帆船上，扔掉有用的东西是不明智的，因为也许要过去好长一段时间才有可能得到新的供应品。旧缆绳可用在很多不同的方面，例如用来做防撞物，即悬在船舷上保护船舷不受其它船只或码头刮擦的材料。Junk 同样也用来指旧缆绳。 当junk 普遍地被用来指丢弃了的然而有用的材料时，该词的词义发生了巨大的变化。 该词的词义延伸也可能已经出现在与航海有关的背景中，因为junk 一词最早的、更为概括性的使用是在 junk shop 这一复合词中发现的。 该词指出售船上旧材料的商店。Junk 仍继续用来指没用的废旧物品 〔mainsail〕A square sail set from the main yard on a square-rigged vessel.主帆：横帆式帆船上从主桅装上的方形帆〔cutter〕A single-masted, fore-and-aft-rigged sailing vessel with two or more headsails and a mast set somewhat farther aft than that of a sloop.独桅纵帆船：一种单桅杆的，有纵帆装置的帆船，具有两个或多个船首斜帆，其单桅杆的位置比单桅帆船的要稍微靠后一点〔caravel〕Any of several types of small, light sailing ships, especially one with two or three masts and lateen sails used by the Spanish and Portuguese in the 15th and 16th centuries.小帆船：任一种轻快的小型帆船，尤指15和16世纪西班牙人和葡萄牙人乘坐的带两三个船桅和大三角帆的帆船〔sloop〕A single-masted, fore-and-aft-rigged sailing boat with a short standing bowsprit or none at all and a single headsail set from the forestay.单桅纵帆船：一种只有一根桅杆，纵向帆索的帆船，船首斜桅很短或根本没有，前索只有一面首帆〔brigantine〕A two-masted sailing ship, square-rigged on the foremast and having a fore-and-aft mainsail with square main topsails.双桅帆船：带两根桅杆的帆船，前桅挂横帆，纵帆装置的船挂方形斜桁帆〔bark〕A sailing ship with from three to five masts, all of them square-rigged except the after mast, which is fore-and-aft rigged.三桅帆船：有三至五个桅杆的帆船，除了后部的桅杆有纵帆装置其余桅杆都有横帆装置〔power〕turbines turned by steam power; a sailing ship driven by wind power.用蒸汽力转动涡轮机；帆船靠风力行驶〔sailboard〕A small light sailboat with a flat hull.帆船：具有平的船体一种轻型小帆船〔trimaran〕A fast sailboat with three parallel hulls.三体船：一种有三个平行的船身的，速度快的帆船〔centerboard〕A movable keel in a sailboat that can be pivoted upward to reduce the boat's draft in shallow water.活动防浪板：帆船上一活动龙骨，可以绕枢轴扯起以减少船在浅水的吃水深度〔proa〕A swift Malayan sailboat with a triangular sail and a single outrigger.马来帆船：马来人的速度很快的帆船，只有一根叉架和三角帆〔foresail〕The triangular sail hung to the forestay of a cutter or sloop.前桅帆：挂在独桅帆船或单桅帆船上的关桅支索上的三角帆〔ketch〕A two-masted fore-and-aft-rigged sailing vessel with a mizzenmast stepped aft of a taller mainmast but forward of the rudder.双桅纵帆船：一种两桅杆的纵向帆船，后桅竖于较高的主桅后的桅座上，同时又位于船舵前面〔sailboard〕To engage in the activity or sport of sailing a small, flat-hulled sailboat.参加帆船双赛：参加航行平船体的帆船比赛〔maintop〕A platform at the head of the mainmast on a square-rigged vessel.主桅上平台：在横帆式帆船的主桅顶端的一个平台〔push〕wind propelling a sailboat;帆船乘风前进；〔mainmast〕The second mast aft of a sailing ship with three or more masts.主桅：有三根桅或更多桅帆船的第二根船尾桅〔auxiliary〕A sailing vessel equipped with a motor.机帆船：装备有发动机的帆船〔cut〕a sailboat cutting the water.破浪前进的帆船〔ship〕A sailing vessel having three or more square-rigged masts.三桅船：装有三个或三个以上横帆装桅杆的帆船〔singlesticker〕A sailboat with one mast; a sloop.单桅帆船：只有一根桅的帆船；单桅帆船〔midget〕A class of small objects, as a class of very small sailboats or racing cars.小型的东西：一组小型的东西，如小型帆船或小型赛车〔foresail〕The principal square sail hung to the foremast of a square-rigged vessel.前桅帆：挂在有横帆装置的帆船的前桅上的至关重要的方帆〔leeboard〕One of a pair of movable boards or plates attached to the hull of a sailing vessel to reduce downwind drift.下风板，减横漂板：装在帆船船体外侧的一对可移动的木质板或金属板的一块，用于减弱顺风漂移〔foremast〕The forward mast on a sailing vessel.前桅：帆船前部的桅杆〔barkentine〕A sailing ship with from three to five masts of which only the foremast is square-rigged, the others being fore-and-aft rigged.三桅船：有三至五个桅杆且只有前部桅杆有横帆装置其余均有纵帆装置的帆船〔junk〕A Chinese flatbottomed ship with a high poop and battened sails.中国式帆船：一种中国式平底帆船，有高高的艉楼和固定的船帆〔sailing〕The sport of operating or riding in a sailboat.帆船运动：驾驶或航行帆船的一项体育运动〔pink〕A sailing vessel with a narrow overhanging stern.尖尾渔船，尖尾帆船：船尾尖而高耸的帆船〔knighthead〕Either of two timbers rising from the keel of a sailing ship and supporting the inner end of the bowsprit.艏副肋材：两根肋材中的任一根，从帆船的龙骨伸出并支撑船首斜桁内端〔sail〕To move across the surface of water, especially by means of a sailing vessel.航行：（尤指乘帆船）在水面上行驶〔heave〕To turn a sailing ship so that its bow heads into the wind and the ship lies motionless except for drifting, in order to meet a storm:将帆船顶风停船：转动正在航行的船只使船头迎风，船除了漂泊外一动也不动地停在水中，以便迎接暴风： |
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