| 单词 | 希腊 |
| 释义 | 〔Marathon〕A village and plain of ancient Greece northeast of Athens. It was the site of a major victory over the Persians in 490b.c. 马拉松：古希腊雅典东北方的一个小镇和平原。它是公元前 490年希腊战胜波斯的战场 〔Greek〕Greek language and literature from the middle of the eighth centuryb.c. to the end of the third century a.d. , especially the Attic Greek of the fifth and fourth centuries b.c. . 希腊文化：从公元前 8世纪中期到 公元 3世纪末的希腊语言和文学，尤指 公元前 5世纪和4世纪希腊阿提卡时期的语言和文学 〔Origen〕Greek Christian philosopher known for his interpretations of the Old Testament, contained inHexapla. 奥利金：希腊天主教哲学家，以其对旧约全书的解释而著称，其解释包含在《六种经文合璧》 一书中 〔Anacreon〕Greek poet noted for his songs praising love and wine.阿那克里翁：希腊诗人，以其歌颂美酒和爱情的诗歌而闻名〔lepton〕A unit of currency in Greece. See table at currency 雷普顿：希腊的货币单位 参见 currency〔Diana〕The virgin goddess of hunting and childbirth, traditionally associated with the moon and identified with the Greek Artemis.黛安娜（月亮和守猎女神）：狩猎和分娩女神，传统上同月亮有关系并且与希腊阿耳忒弥斯（月亮和狩猎女神）是一致的〔Grecize〕To make Greek or Hellenic in form or style.使希腊化：使其在风格或形式上像希腊的〔chorus〕The group in a classical Greek drama whose songs and dances present an exposition of or, in later tradition, a disengaged commentary on the action.歌舞队：在经典希腊戏剧中，一组演员用歌舞来展示在后期的传统中同演出脱离的评论〔Samos〕An island of eastern Greece in the Aegean Sea off the western coast of Turkey. First inhabited in the Bronze Age, it was later colonized by Ionian Greeks and became an important commercial and maritime power in the sixth centuryb.c. Subsequently controlled by Persia, Athens, Sparta, Rome, Byzantium, and the Ottoman Empire, the island became part of modern-day Greece in 1913. 萨摩斯岛：希腊东部爱琴海上一岛屿，位于土耳其西岸附近。最早于青铜器时代就有人居住，后被爱奥尼亚希腊人殖民，在公元前 6世纪成为重要的商业和海上力量。先后被波斯、雅典、斯巴达、罗马、拜占庭和奥托曼帝国占领，1913年此岛成为今天希腊的一部分 〔protagonist〕Theprotagonist of a Greek drama was its leading actor, of whom there could be but one in any play.This is an etymological nicety that many modern writers continue to observe when using the word to refer to the main character of a drama or other fiction.Thus when the members of the Usage Panel were asked "How many protagonists are there inOthello ?” the great majority answered "One"and offered substitutes such asantagonist, villain, principal, and deuteragonist to describe Desdemona and Iago. But there is reputable precedent from the 17th century on for usingprotagonist to mean simply "important actor" or "principal party,”with no implication of uniqueness,as inThere are three protagonists in this sluggish novel. Smith and Jones were the protagonists in the struggle over the future of the computer company. Thus, while some writers may prefer to confine the word to a singular sense in their own usage,it is pedantic to insist that the looser use is incorrect. ·The use ofprotagonist to refer to a proponent has become common only in the 20th century and may have been influenced by a misconception that the first syllable of the word represents the prefixpro-, "favoring.” In sentences such asHe was an early protagonist of nuclear power, this use is likely to strike many readers as an errorand can usually be replaced byadvocate or proponent with no loss of sense.希腊戏剧的protagnist 是主角， 且在任何戏剧中仅有一个主角。许多现代作家在用这个词时都注意使它指代戏剧或其他小说的主要人物，因此当用法专题小组成员被问及“在奥赛罗 里有几个主要人物?”时， 大部分人回答“一个”，而且用如antagonist、villain、principal 和 deuteragonist 等词来描述苔丝德蒙娜和雅各。 但是从十七进纪开始，有一个使用protagonist 的规范惯例， 仅表示“重要的演员”或“首要的政党”，而丝毫没有独一无二的暗示，象在句子在这部文风拖沓的小说中有三个人物。 史密斯和琼斯是为计算公司的未来而奋斗的主角中一样。 因此，当某些作家可能在他们自己的用法中偏于把这个词限制在一个简单的含义中时，仍强调自由用法不正确就是卖弄学问的了。用protagonist 来指代建议者或支持者仅在20世纪开始变得常见， 而且被对于代表意为“支持的”前缀pro- 的该词第一个音节的误解所影响。 在句子他是核武力的早期支持者 中， 这种用法可能会使读者认为是个错误，而且常被advocate 或 proponent 所替代， 同时也不会有任何意思的遗漏〔Venizelos〕Greek politician who served a number of terms as premier between 1910 and 1933 and aligned Greece with the Allies during World War I. He went into exile after an unsuccessful military and naval revolt in March 1935.凡尼济洛斯，埃留提利奥斯：(1864-1936) 希腊政治家，在1910年和1933年期间曾数任总理并在第一次世界大战期间使希腊与协约国结盟。他在1935年3月的一次失败的陆军和海军叛乱后过着流亡生活〔Hymettus〕A mountain ridge, rising to about 1,028 m (3,370 ft), in east-central Greece near Athens. Marble has been quarried here since antiquity. Hymettus is also famous for its honey.海默突斯山：一个山脊，高达大约1028米(3,370英尺），在希腊中东部，靠近雅典城，中世纪以来这儿产大理石此山还以蜂蜜而闻名〔Sappho〕Greek lyric poet considered one of the greatest poets of antiquity although only fragments of her romantic lyrics survive.萨福：希腊抒情诗人，虽然她的抒情浪漫诗只保存下一些片段，她仍被认为是古代最伟大的诗人之一〔Doris〕An ancient region of central Greece. It was the traditional homeland of the Dorians.多立斯：希腊中部一古老地区。它是多利安人的传统居住地〔opuntia〕after Opūs Opūnt- [an ancient town of east-central Greece] 源自 奥普斯 Opūnt- [希腊中东部的一座古城] 〔Elytis〕Greek poet. He won the 1979 Nobel Prize for literature.埃利提斯，奥德修斯：(生于 1911) 希腊诗人。获1979年诺贝尔文学奖〔Chalcis〕An ancient city of southeast Greece on the western coast of Euboea. It was a prosperous trading center after the eighth centuryb.c. , establishing outposts in Italy, Syria, Sicily, and mainland Greece. 哈尔基斯城：希腊东南部一座位于奥尔比亚西海岸的古城。公元前 8世纪后为繁华的贸易中心，曾在意大利、叙利亚、西西里和希腊大陆建立前哨军事基地 〔Aeolian〕One of a Hellenic people of central Greece that occupied Aeolis and Lesbos around 1100b.c. 伊奥利亚人：希腊中部的古希腊人，曾于公元前 1100年左右占领伊奥利亚和莱斯博斯岛 〔Onassis〕Turkish-born Greek financier and shipping magnate who pioneered the use of oil supertankers.欧纳西斯，亚里士多德：(1906?-1975) 土耳其裔希腊金融家和船舶业巨头，他率先使用超级油轮〔Olympian〕A native or inhabitant of the region of Olympia in Greece.奥林匹亚人：希腊奥林匹亚地区的土著人或居民〔trireme〕An ancient Greek or Roman galley or warship, having three tiers of oars on each side.三排桨古战舰：古代希腊或罗马的一种两边各有三排桨的战舰或划艇〔Seleucid〕A Hellenistic dynasty founded by Seleucus I after the death of Alexander the Great. It ruled much of Asia Minor from 312 to 64b.c. 塞琉卡斯王朝：塞琉古一世在亚历山大大帝死后建立的希腊王朝。从公元前 312到64年统治小亚细亚的大部分地区 〔strophe〕The first movement of the chorus in classical Greek drama while turning from one side of the orchestra to the other.歌咏队向左的舞动：在古典的希腊戏剧中歌咏队从一侧转到另一侧的起始动作〔Plataea〕An ancient city of central Greece southwest of Thebes. It was the site of a major Greek victory over the Persians in 479b.c. 布拉底：希腊中部底比斯西南一古城，是公元前 479年希腊本土人战胜波斯人的战役所在地 〔sarcophagus〕A gruesome name befits a gruesome thing,as in the case ofsarcophagus, our term for a stone coffin, often a decorated one, that is located above ground. The word comes to us from Latin and Greek,having been derived in Greek fromsarx, "flesh,” and phagein, "to eat.” The Greek wordsarkophagos meant "eating flesh,” and in the phraselithos ("stone") sarcophagos denoted a limestone that was thought to decompose the flesh of corpses placed in it. The Greek term used by itself as a noun then came to mean "coffin.”The term was carried over into Latin,wheresarcophagus was used in the phrase lapis ("stone") sarcophagus, referring to the same stone as in Greek. Sarcophagus used as a noun in Latin meant "coffin of any material.” This Latin word was borrowed into English,first being recorded in 1601 with reference to the flesh-consuming stone and then in 1705 with reference to a stone coffin.恐怖的名字适合恐怖的事物，如Sarcophagus （指石棺的专有名称）一词，常指一个置于地上的装饰过的石棺。 该词源于拉丁语和希腊语，即从希腊语sarx （“肉”）和 phagein （“吃”）而来。 希腊词sarkophagos 意为“吃肉”， 而在短语lithos （“石头”） sarcophagos 中则指被认为能腐蚀其中尸体腐肉的石头。 该希腊词单独作为名词使用，后来指“棺材”。该词后来被引入拉丁语，sarcophagus 在短语 lapis （“石头”） sarcophagus 中指代其在希腊文中指代的同种石头。 Sarcophagus 在拉丁文中用作名词，指“任何材料做成的棺材”。 该拉丁词后来被借用于英语中，最初记载于1601年，指腐蚀肉的石头，后来在1705年开始指石棺〔recoil〕"We did not flinch but gave our lives to save Greece" (Simonides).“我们并没有畏缩，而是将我们的毕生贡献给拯救希腊的事业中” （西摩尼得斯）〔Naucratis〕An ancient city of Egypt in the Nile River delta southeast of Alexandria. Greek colonists probably settled here in the seventh centuryb.c. 瑙克拉提斯：埃及尼罗河三角洲上的一个古城，位于亚历山大的东南部，希腊的殖民主义可能在公元前 7世纪时定居于此 〔Athos〕A peak, about 2,034 m (6,670 ft) high, of northeast Greece. It is the site of the virtually independent monastic community ofMount Athos, originally founded in the tenth century. 阿陀斯山：位于希腊东北部的一座山峰，海拔约2,034米（6,670英尺），它是实际上独立的阿陀斯山 修道院社区所在地，该修道院最初建于10世纪 〔upsilon〕Late Greek u psilon [simple u (from the fact that] oi was given the same pronunciation in Late Greek as u ) 后期希腊语 u psilon [单个u（固为] oi 在后期希腊中和 u 的发音相同） 〔phratry〕A kinship group constituting an intermediate division in the primitive structure of the Hellenic tribe or phyle, consisting of several patrilinear clans, and surviving in classical times as a territorial subdivision in the political and military organization of the Athenian state.胞族：在希腊部落或宗族的原始结构中，构成中间分类的亲属集团，包括几个父亲家族，在古典时期又存留下来，成为雅典城邦的政治合军事组织的领地亚分支〔Corfu〕An island of Greece in the Ionian Islands off the northwest coast of the mainland. Settled c. 700b.c. , the island was controlled by Rome, Byzantium, Sicily, Venice, and Great Britain before being ceded to Greece in 1864. 科孚岛，科塞拉：爱奥尼亚群岛中的一个希腊岛屿，与大陆的西北部相望，大约公元前 700年时开始有人定居，1864年割让给希腊前曾被罗马·拜占庭西西里、威尼斯和大不列颠统治过 〔Demosthenes〕Greek orator whose reputation is based mainly on hisPhilippics, a series of orations exhorting the citizens of Athens to rise up against Philip II of Macedon. 狄摩西尼：希腊演说家，他的成名主要基于勉励雅典市民起来反抗马其顿国王腓力二世的一系列演讲《强烈抨击》 〔Naxos〕An island of southeast Greece in the Aegean Sea. The largest of the Cyclades, it was famous in ancient times as a center of Dionysian worship. The island belonged to Venice and then Turkey before it became part of independent Greece in 1829.纳克索斯岛：爱琴海希腊东南部的一个岛屿。基克拉迪群岛中最大的一个，在古代作为崇拜酒神的中心而闻名。这座岛在1829年成为独立的希腊一部分，在此之前先后属于威尼斯和土耳其〔Aspasia〕Greek courtesan and lover of Pericles who was noted for her wisdom, wit, and beauty.阿斯帕齐娅：希腊的高等妓女和伯里克利的情妇，以其智慧、机智、美貌而著称〔kudos〕Kudos is one of those words like congeries that look like pluralsbut are etymologically singular:correctness requiresKudos is (not are ) due her for her brilliant work on the score. Some writers have tried to defend the use ofkudos with a plural verb, or even the introduction of a new singular form ofkudo, on the grounds that these innovations follow the pattern whereby the English words pea and cherry were re-formed from nouns ending in-s that were thought to be plural. Perhaps the singularkudo would have to be acknowledged as a legitimate formation if it came to be widely adopted in the popular language in the way that cherry and pea have. But at presentkudos is still regarded as a slightly pretentious variant for praise and can scarcely claim to be part of the linguistic folkways of the community.When writers reach for an unfamiliar Greek word for the sake of elegance,it is fair to ask that they get it right.Still, it is worth notingthat even people who are carefulto treat the word syntactically as a singularoften pronounce it as if it were a plural:etymology would require that the final consonant be pronounced as a voiceless (s),rather than as a voiced (z).Kudos 和 congeries 那些词一样， 看上去好象是复数，但从词源上看是单数：因此正确的用法应该是Kudos is （不是 are ） due her for her brilliant work on the score 。 许多作者为kudos 后跟动词复数形式的做法辩护， 他们甚至发明了一个新的词kudo 作为该词的单数形式，他们这样做是以英语单词 pea 和 cherry 的形成模式为依据的， 这些词都是从原先结尾带-s 的复数形式名词演化而来。 kudo 这种单数形式只有在象 cherry 和 pea 这样为大众语言所普遍接受之后才能被认可为一种正确的形式。 但是现在kudos 这个词仍被看作是 praise 这个词稍稍有些做作的变体， 还很难成为社群的习惯用语的一部份。当一个作家为了行文的优雅用一个生僻的希腊词的时候，他应该正确地使用它。但是值得注意的是，即使是那些非常仔细的人，他们在句子中把它用作单数，但在读的时候却读成复数的形式：根据词源来看，这个词最后一个辅音应该发成清辅音（s），而不是浊辅音（z）〔Philippi〕An ancient town of north-central Macedonia, Greece, near the Aegean Sea. It was the site of Antony and Octavian's decisive defeat of Brutus and Cassius in 42b.c. 菲利皮：希腊马其顿中北部一古镇，濒临爱琴海。公元前 42年，安东尼和渥大维在此决定性地打败了布鲁图和凯撒 〔Helle〕The daughter of a Greek king who, while fleeing with her brother from their stepmother, drowned in the Hellespont, thereafter named for her.赫勒：希腊国王的女儿，与其弟一起逃离其后母，淹死于后来以其名字命名的称赫勒斯彭特海〔Lesbos〕An island of eastern Greece in the Aegean Sea near the northwest coast of Turkey. An important Aeolian settlement, Lesbos was noted for its lyric poets, including Sappho, in the seventh centuryb.c. After occupation by various powers, the island was annexed by Greece in 1913. 莱斯博斯岛：希腊东部的一个岛屿，位于爱琴海中、土耳其西北部沿岸附近。作为伊奥利亚人的一个重要居住地，公元前 7世纪时，莱斯博斯岛以其抒情诗人、其中包括萨福而闻名。经过不同权力的占领之后，该岛最终于1913年被希腊兼并 〔Phocaea〕An ancient Ionian Greek city of western Asia Minor on the Aegean Sea in present-day Turkey. It was an important maritime state c. 1000 to 600b.c. but declined after a Persian siege in 540. 福西亚：小亚细亚西部的一个古代爱奥尼亚希腊城市，位于爱琴海上、今天的土耳其境内，从公元前 1000年到600年是一个重要的海港城邦。但在540年被波斯人围攻后败落 〔Varna〕A city of eastern Bulgaria on the Black Sea north-northeast of Burgas. Founded in the sixth centuryb.c. as a Greek colony, it came under Turkish control in 1391 and was ceded to newly independent Bulgaria in 1878. Population, 297,000. 瓦尔纳：保加利亚东部的一座城市，位于布加斯东北偏北的黑海上，作为希腊的殖民地而建于公元前 6世纪，于1391年处于土耳其控制之下，并于1878年割让给新独立的保加利亚。人口297,000 |
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