| 单词 | 希腊哲学 |
| 释义 | 〔cynic〕Cynic A member of a sect of ancient Greek philosophers who believed virtue to be the only good and self-control to be the only means of achieving virtue. Cynic 犬儒学派：古代希腊哲学学派的成员，认为美德是唯一的善的东西，自制是唯一获得美德的方法〔Proclus〕Greek philosopher and the last major Neo-Platonic teacher. He maintained that reality is fundamentally mental rather than material.普罗克洛斯：希腊哲学家，最后一个重要的新柏拉图主义的导师，他认为现实从基础上说是精神的而非物质的〔sophist〕A professional philosopher and teacher, especially one belonging to a group of fifth-centuryb.c. Greek philosophers who specialized in dialectic, argumentation, and rhetoric and who were often known for their elaborate and specious arguments. 智者派，诡辩派：职业哲学家或教师，尤其指属于公元前 5世纪的一群专攻辩证法、辩论术以及修辞法的希腊哲学家，他们常以其精彩巧妙和似是而非的辩论而闻名 〔Plato〕Greek philosopher. A follower of Socrates, he founded the Academy (386), where he taught and wrote for much of the rest of his life. Plato presented his ideas in the form of dramatic dialogues, as inThe Republic. 柏拉图：希腊哲学家，苏格拉底的信徒，他创办了学园（公元前386年），在这里他教书写作度过他余生的大部分时间柏拉图以戏剧对话的形式表述了他的思想，如在《理想国》 中 〔Anaximander〕Greek philosopher and astronomer who speculated that the universe arose out of the separation of opposite qualities from one primordial substance.阿那克西曼德：希腊哲学家和天文学家，他猜测宇宙由一个原生质的相反品种分裂产生〔sophist〕A Greek philosopher of pre-Socratic times who inquired about and speculated on theology, metaphysics, mathematics, and the natural and biological sciences.诡辩哲学家：前苏格拉底时代对神学、形而上学、数学以及自然和生物科学进行探索和思考的希腊哲学家〔Callisthenes〕Greek philosopher who chronicled the eastern expedition of Alexander the Great.卡利赛内斯：希腊哲学家，他记录了亚历山大大帝东征这一历史事件〔Democritus〕Greek philosopher who developed an atomist theory of the universe and espoused the doctrine that pleasure, along with self-control, is the goal of human life.德谟克利特：希腊哲学家，他发展了宇宙原子论，并拥护以自制和安乐为人生目标的学说〔Parmenides〕Greek philosopher and a founder of the Eleatic school.帕曼尼迪思：希腊哲学家，伊利亚德学派的创始人〔Antisthenes〕Greek philosopher who founded the Cynic school.安提西尼：希腊哲学家，他创建了犬儒学派〔Socrates〕Greek philosopher who initiated a question-and-answer method of teaching as a means of achieving self-knowledge. His theories of virtue and justice have survived through the writings of Plato, his most important pupil. Socrates was tried for corrupting the minds of Athenian youth and subsequently put to death (399).苏格拉底：希腊哲学家，首创了问答工教学方法，作为获得认识自我的一种方法。他关于道德和正义的理论，通过柏拉图（他最著名的学生）的著作而得以流传下来。苏格拉底因被指控毒害雅典年轻人的头脑而受到审判，并因此被处死（公元前339年）〔Cleanthes〕Greek philosopher who succeeded Zeno as head of the Stoic school.克里安西斯：希腊哲学家，在季诺之后继任斯多葛学院的院长〔Xenophanes〕Greek philosopher who was a founder of the Eleatic school.色诺芬尼：希腊哲学家，埃利亚学院的创建者〔Thales〕Greek philosopher who is traditionally considered the first Western philosopher and a founder of geometry and abstract astronomy. He maintained that matter is composed of water.赛勒斯：希腊哲学家，被认为是第一个西方哲学家以及几何学和抽象天文学的奠基人，他认为物质由水组成〔Empedocles〕Greek philosopher who believed that all matter is composed of elemental particles of fire, water, earth, and air and that all change is caused by motion.恩培多克勒：希腊哲学家，他认为所有物质都是由元素微粒组成，即火、水、土和空气，所有的变化都是运动所引起的〔Longinus〕Greek philosopher. The volume of literary criticismOn The Sublime is attributed to him. 朗吉弩斯，迪奥尼西·卡修斯：() 希腊哲学家。文学批评著作《高尚论》 被认为是他的作品 〔Theophrastus〕Greek philosopher who succeeded Aristotle as leader of the Peripatetics and refined the work of Aristotle in botany and natural history.西奥佛雷特斯：继亚里斯多德之后的作为逍遥派领袖的希腊哲学家，并改进了亚里斯多德在植物学和自然史方面的著作〔Diogenes〕Greek philosopher who founded the Cynic school of philosophy, stressing self-control and the pursuit of virtue. He is said to have once wandered through the streets of Athens with a lantern, searching for an honest man.第欧根尼：希腊哲学家，哲学犬儒学派奠基人，强调自我控制和推崇善行。说他曾提着灯在雅典大街漫步寻找诚实的人〔Heraclitus〕Greek philosopher who maintained that strife and change are natural conditions of the universe.赫拉克利特：希腊哲学家，他坚持斗争和变化是宇宙的自然状态的观点〔Aristotle〕Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry.亚里士多德：希腊哲学家。柏拉图的学生，亚历山大大帝的教师，他的著述论及逻辑学，形而上学，伦理学，自然科学，政治学和诗学，对西方思想产生了深远影响，在其哲学体系里，理论服从实地观察和逻辑，以三段论为基础，基本上是理性研究的理论方法 |
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