| 单词 | 帮助 |
| 释义 | 〔obligation〕The state, fact, or feeling of being indebted to another for a special service or favor received.受恩惠状态：为了接受的特别帮助或恩惠而感激另一人的状态、事实或感觉〔scholarship〕A grant of financial aid awarded to a student, as for the purpose of attending a college.奖学金：给予学生使其能进入大学学习的经济帮助〔assist〕The clerk assisted the judge by looking up related precedents. Her breathing was assisted by a respirator.这位书记官协助那位法官查阅有关判例。她要靠呼吸器帮助呼吸〔manipulate〕manipulates people into helping him;操纵着人们去帮助他；〔Gambetta〕French political leader. After the defeat of Napoleon III (1870), Gambetta helped create the Third Republic.甘皮塔，莱昂·米歇尔：(1838-1882) 法国政治领导人，在击败拿破仑三世(1870年）之后帮助建立了第三共和国〔slot〕A gap between a main and an auxiliary airfoil to provide space for airflow and facilitate the smooth passage of air over the wing.（飞机的）翼缝：主机翼与辅机翼之间的沟，用于提供空气流动的空间和帮助空气平稳地流过机翼〔mutual〕Mutual is uncontroversially used to describe a reciprocal relationship between two or more things, in which use it can be paraphrased by expressions involvingbetween or each other. Thustheir mutual animosity means "their animosity for each other" or "the animosity between them,” anda mutual defense treaty is one in which each party agrees to come to the defense of the other. Butmutual is also widely used where one might expect "common,” as inThe bill serves the mutual interests of management and labor and particularly in the expressionour mutual friend, which was widespread even before Charles Dickens used it as the title of a novel.Critics have often objected to this use,but it is well established in reputable writing.However,mutual in this latter sense is reserved to describe relations that hold between two or more specific parties and a third person or thing. It cannot be used as a substitute forcommon in the sense "general": Mutual 毫无争议地被用来描述两者或者更多事物之间的相互关系， 可以用一些包括between 或 each other 的表达来解释。 因此他们相互的敌意 意思为“他们彼此之间产生的敌意”或者“他们之间的敌意”， 相互防御条约 意为一个政党同意帮助另一政党进行防御的条约。 但是Mutual 也广泛地用来表示“共同的”， 就象在这个议案满足劳资双方的需要。 特别是在短语我们共同的朋友， 甚至在查理·狄更斯把它作为一本小说名之前就已经广泛应用。评论家们一直以来常常反对这种用法，但是在规范的写作中它已被完全确定下来了。但是mutual 后来产生的意思被用来描述两个或者更多特定元素及物和第三者之间的关系。 当意为“普遍的”时，它不能代替common 来表述“总体”的含义： 〔heaven〕Heaven help you!愿上帝帮助你！〔improve〕Help in this sense usually implies limited relief or change for the better: Help 在这个意思上是指为了变得更好而有限的帮助或改变： 〔too〕He's only too willing to be of service.他非常愿意帮助你〔quiz〕Although we do not know the origin of the wordquiz, just as we may not know the answers to all the questions on a quiz,we can say that its first recorded sense has to do with people,not tests.The term, first recorded in 1782,meant "an odd or eccentric person.”From the noun in this sense came a verbmeaning "to make sport or fun of" and "to regard mockingly.”In English dialects and probably in American Englishthe verbquiz acquired senses relating to interrogation and questioning. This presumably occurredbecausequiz was associated with question, inquisitive, or perhaps the English dialect verb quiset, "to question" (probably itself short for obsoleteinquisite, "to investigate"). From this new area of meaning came the noun and verb senses all too familiar to students.The second recorded instance of the noun sense occurs in the writings of no less an educator than William James,who in a December 26, 1867, letter proffers the hopethat "perhaps giving ‘quizzes’ in anatomy and physiology . . . may help along.”虽然我们不知道quiz 这个词的来源， 正象我们可能并不清楚测试中所有问题的答案一样，但我们可以肯定的是这个词最初被记录时的意义与人有关，而不是测试，这个词第一次被记录下来是在1782年，意思为“一个古怪或行为怪诞的人”。从这种意义的名词派生出一个动词，意思为“嘲笑或戏弄…”和“以嘲讽的态度对待”。在英语并且很可能是在美国英语中，quiz 这个动词形成了有关审问或提问的意思， 据猜测，这一现象的发生是因为quiz 使人联想起 question ， inquisitive 或者可能 quiset 这个英国方言中的动词， 意思为“提问”（很可能是inquisite 这个过时用语的缩写形式，意思为“调查”）。 从这个意思中派生出学生们再熟悉不 过的名词和动词意思。记录下这个名词意义的第二个例子恰好出现在教育家威廉·詹姆斯的笔下。在1867年12月26日写的一封信中，他提出一条希望：或许在解剖学和物理学方面进行测试…可能有些独特的帮助。”〔rely〕To be dependent for support, help, or supply:依靠：依赖于支撑、帮助或供应：〔coattail〕With the assistance of another:得到他人的帮助：〔grant〕These verbs mean to give as a favor, prerogative, or privilege.这些动词意指作为帮助，特权和权利而给予。〔duty〕You are duty bound to help your little sister and brother.你有责任帮助你的弟弟妹妹〔amiable〕Obliging specifies willingness or eagerness to be of help to others or indulge their wishes: Obliging 专门指愿意或渴望帮助别人或满足别人愿望的人： 〔assist〕To give help or support to, especially as a subordinate or supplement; aid:帮助：给…帮助或支持，尤指作为棣属形或补充型；帮助：〔gesture〕A motion of the limbs or body made to express or help express thought or to emphasize speech.手势，姿势：身体或四肢的动作，以表达或帮助表达想法或强调所说的话〔Squanto〕Native American who helped the English colonists in Massachusetts develop agricultural techniques and served as an interpreter between the colonists and the Wampanoag.斯哥托：帮助马萨诸塞州的英国殖民者发展农业技术，并在殖民者和万帕诺亚格人之间做翻译的美洲土著人〔spontaneous〕Offering to help the accident victims seems as instinctive as breathing.对意外受难者的帮助就象呼吸一样出于本能。〔black〕To extinguish or conceal all lights that might help enemy aircraft find a target during an air raid.对…实行灯火管制：在空袭中熄灭所有可能帮助敌机寻找目标的灯火〔ministration〕The act or process of serving or aiding.帮助，服务：服务或帮助的行为或过程〔subvention〕from Latin subventus [past participle of] subvenīre [to come to help] 源自 拉丁语 subventus subvenīre的过去分词 [帮助，救助] 〔sight〕A device used to assist aim by guiding the eye, as on a firearm or surveying instrument.瞄准器：通过引导眼睛以帮助瞄准的一种装置，如火器或测量仪器上的〔grant〕To accord as a favor, prerogative, or privilege:授予：把…作为帮助，特权或权利而给予：〔shoehorn〕A smooth, curved implement, often of plastic or metal, inserted at the heel to help put on a shoe.鞋拔：装在鞋根帮助穿上鞋子的一种光滑、弯曲的用具，通常由塑料或金属制成〔Tutwiler〕American educator and reformer who was president of Livingston Normal College in Alabama (1890-1910) and gained admission for women to the University of Alabama (1896).塔特怀勒，尤莉娅·斯图维克：(1841-1916) 美国教育家、改革家，曾任阿拉巴马州的利文斯顿师范学院院长(1890年-1910年），并帮助妇女获得进入阿拉巴马州立大学学习的权力(1896年）〔instrumental〕Serving as a means or an agency; implemental:作为手段的；作为中介的；有帮助的：〔visit〕To go to see in order to aid or console:探望：为了帮助或安慰去看：〔Davenport〕English Puritan who fled to America in 1637 and helped found a colony at New Haven, Connecticut.达文波特，约翰：(1597-1670) 英国清教徒，1637年逃往美国，而且帮助建立了在康涅狄格洲的纽黑文殖民地〔acoustic〕Designed to carry sound or to aid in hearing.听觉的：用以传播声音或帮助听力的〔support〕is being supported by friends in her effort to surmount the tragedy;她正在朋友的帮助下努力战胜这一悲惨的事；〔dependent〕Relying on or requiring the aid of another for support:依赖的，不独立的：依赖或需要他人的帮助和支持的：〔Richards〕British literary critic who helped Charles Ogden develop Basic English and was a founder of the New Criticism movement.理查兹，伊（沃尔）·阿（姆斯特朗）：(1893-1979) 英国文学批评家，他帮助查理斯·奥格登发展基础英语，并是新批评运动的一个创立者〔obligation〕Something owed as payment or in return for a special service or favor.债务：为了特别的帮助或思惠所欠下的应偿还或报答的东西〔contact〕"This past January I was contacted by a lawyer who said he needed my help"(Elizabeth Loftus)“今年一月份一位声称需要我帮助的律师来找过我”(伊丽莎白·洛夫特斯)〔party〕An established political group organized to promote and support its principles and candidates for public office.政党，党派：组建起来用以宣传和支持其原则以及帮助候选人竞选政治职务的政治团体〔go〕To undertake a project, trip, or responsibility without the presence or help of others.单干：没有别人帮助独立做或承担某一计划、旅行或责任〔bestead〕stead [to help] stead[帮助] 〔deserving〕Worthy, as of reward, praise, or aid.值得（奖励、赞扬或帮助）的 |
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