| 单词 | 平息 |
| 释义 | 〔quell〕To put down forcibly; suppress:用武力平息；镇压：〔suave〕The manager pacified the irate customer with a smooth apology for the error.经理就错误向顾客作了彬彬有礼的道歉，从而平息了顾客的怒气。〔pacify〕To ease the anger or agitation of.使平静，安抚：平息…怒气或激动〔quash〕To put down or suppress forcibly and completely:镇压，平息：用武力彻底地平息或镇压：〔spend〕The storm finally spent itself.风暴最后平息了〔quell〕Police quelled the riot.警察平息了暴动〔lay〕"chas'd the clouds . . . and laid the winds"(John Milton)“追逐云朵…平息风儿”(约翰·米尔顿)〔appease〕To bring peace, quiet, or calm to; soothe.缓和，抚慰：使和平、平静和平息；抚慰〔solace〕To allay or assuage:减轻：减缓或平息：〔implacable〕Impossible to placate or appease:不能和解或平息的：〔smooth〕To soothe or tranquilize; make calm.安抚，平息：缓和或平静；使平静〔pacific〕Tending to diminish or put an end to conflict; appeasing.求和的：试图减小或停止冲突的；平息的〔taper〕The storm finally tapered off.风暴渐渐平息下去〔appeasement〕The condition of being appeased.平息：被平息的状态〔Castlereagh〕British politician who as chief secretary for Ireland (1798-1801) was able to quell the 1798 rebellion and form a political union between Ireland and Great Britain (1800).卡索里：英国政治家，任爱尔兰首席大臣时（1798-1801年）平息了1798年的叛乱，并使爱尔兰和英国组成了一个政治联盟（1800年）〔Qianlong〕Chinese emperor (1735-1796) of the Qing dynasty who subdued the Turkish and Mongolian threats to northern China, expanded the empire, and was a patron of the arts.乾隆：中国清代皇帝(1735-1796年），他平息了土耳其和蒙古对中国北部的威胁，扩大了帝国，并是艺术的支持者〔subside〕To become less agitated or active; abate.See Synonyms at decrease 平静下来，平息 参见 decrease〔set〕followed set procedures for filing a grievance.以平息怨恨的约定步骤进行〔Tilden〕American politician. The Democratic presidential nominee in 1876, he won the popular election but lost the presidency in an electoral college controversy that was settled by a Senate committee in favor of Rutherford B. Hayes.狄尔登，塞缪尔·琼斯：(1814-1886) 美国政治家，1876年民主党总统候选人，他赢得了公众支持率选举，但在竞选论战中失败而失去总统宝座，一个支持拉瑟福德·B·海斯的参议员委员会平息了这场论战〔intelligent〕"The dullard's envy of brilliant men is always assuaged by the suspicion that they will come to a bad end" (Max Beerbohm).蠢人对智者的妒忌总是被智者将不得善终的怀疑所平息” （麦克斯·比尔博姆）。〔scotch〕The prime minister scotched the rumors of her illness with a public appearance.总理在公从场合的出现平息了关于她得病的传言〔make〕To resolve a quarrel:和好：平息一场争吵：〔halcyon〕A fabled bird, identified with the kingfisher, that was supposed to have had the power to calm the wind and the waves while it nested on the sea during the winter solstice.神翠鸟：一种神话中的鸟，人们认为它即是翡翠鸟，据说当它在冬至期间在海上筑巢时，具有平息风浪的力量〔conciliate〕To overcome the distrust or animosity of; appease.安抚：克服厌恶或敌对情绪；平息〔blow〕To subside, wane, or pass over with little lasting effect:（风雨）平息、衰退或轻拂：〔placate〕To allay the anger of, especially by making concessions; appease.See Synonyms at pacify 平息，安抚，调解：平息怒火，尤指通过达成协议；使和解 参见 pacify〔detumescence〕From Latin dētumēscere [to subside] 源自 拉丁语 dētumēscere [消减，平息] 〔appeasement〕An act of appeasing.平息：平息的行为〔Shaba〕A region of southeast Zaire bordering on Zambia. It proclaimed itself the republic of Katanga in 1960 and seceded from Congo (now Zaire). The insurrection was put down in 1963 with the aid of United Nations troops.塞巴，喀坦噶：扎伊尔与赞比亚接界的东南地区。它于1960年宣称自己为喀坦加共和国且脱离刚果（现扎伊尔）。1963年在联合国部队帮助下平息了叛乱〔Trudeau〕Canadian prime minister (1968-1979 and 1980-1984) whose administration was marked by efforts to contain the French separatist movement in Quebec and by the Constitution Act of 1982, which granted Canada full independence.特鲁多，皮尔·埃利奥特：(生于 1919) 加拿大总理（1968-1979年和1980-1984年），他任期内的政绩有平息魁北克法国分裂主义运动，并通过了使加拿大获得彻底独立的1982年宪法法案〔pay〕Given the unpeaceful feelings one often has in paying bills or income taxes,it is difficult to believe that the wordpay ultimately derives from the Latin word pāx, "peace.” However, it is not the peace of the one who pays that is involved in this development of meaning.Frompāx, meaning "peace" and also "a settlement of hostilities,” was derived the word pācāre, "to impose a settlement on peoples or territories.” In Late Latinpācāre was extended in sense to mean "to appease.” The Old French wordpaiier that developed from Latin pācāre came to have the specific application "to pacify or satisfy a creditor,”a sense that came into Middle English along with the wordpaien (first recorded around the beginning of the 13th century), the ancestor of our wordpay. 人常常在支付帐单或收入调节税时有不安之感情，因而很难令人相信单词pay 来源于拉丁词语 pax “和平”。 但是，并不是支付人内心的平和与这个词意义的延伸意有关连。因为意思是“和平”和“敌视的和解”的单词pax 源于 pacare “给人民或领土以安宁”。 在后拉丁语中pacare 的意义被引申为“抚慰，使缓和。” 古法语单词paiier 来源于拉丁语 pacave， 后来开始具有“缓和、平息或使债主满意”这个具体用意，这种意思随同单词paien （大约在13世纪初首次记录）进入中世纪英语， 这个词就是单词pay 的前身 〔paper〕To downplay or gloss over (differences, for example), especially in order to maintain a nominal, apparent, or temporary unity.虚饰：掩饰或暂平息（如不同点），尤其为了维持名义上的、表面的或暂时的团结〔placable〕from plācāre [to calm] * see plāk- 1源自 plācāre [平息] * 参见 plāk- 1〔Manning〕British cleric who became archbishop of Westminster in 1865 and cardinal in 1875. He intervened to settle the 1889 London dock strike.曼宁，亨利·爱德华：(1808-1892) 英国教士，于1865年成为威斯特敏斯特大主教，1875年成为红衣主教，曾插手平息了1889年伦敦码头工人罢工〔relieve〕"This music crept by me upon the waters,/Allaying both their fury and my passion/With its sweet air" (Shakespeare). “在水面音乐爬上我的心头/平息了他们的愤怒和我的热情/用它甜美的声音” （莎士比亚）。〔pacify〕The child is adept at appeasing her parents' anger with a joke or compliment.这孩子善于以一个玩笑或赞美来平息父母的怒气。〔defuse〕To make less dangerous, tense, or hostile:缓和，平息：来减少危险性、紧张程度或敌对程度：〔hopefully〕And though this use ofhopefully may have been a vogue word when it first gained currency 30 years ago, it has long since lost any taint of jargon or pretentiousness for the general reader.The well-attested acceptance of the usage reflects an implicit popular recognition of its usefulness;there is no precise substitute.Someone who saysHopefully, the treaty will be ratified makes a hopeful prediction about the fate of the treaty,whereas someone who saysI hope (or We hope or It is hoped ) the treaty will be ratified expresses a bald statement about what is desired. Only the latter could be continued with a clause such asbut it isn't likely. · It might have been expected, then, that the initial flurry of objections tohopefully would have subsided once the usage became well established. Instead, increased currency of the usage appears only to have made the critics more adamant.In the 1969 Usage Panel survey the usage was acceptable to 44 percent of the Panel;in the most recent survey it was acceptable to only 27 percent.(By contrast, 60 percent accepted the analogous use ofmercifully in the sentence Mercifully, the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score. ) Yet the Panel has not shown any signs of becoming generally more conservative:in the very same survey panelists were disposed to accept once-vilified usagessuch as the employment ofcontact and host as verbs. · It seems that this use ofhopefully has been made a litmus test, which distinguishes writers who take an active interest in questions of grammar or usage from the great mass of people who keep their own linguistic counsel.No one can be blamed who useshopefully in blithe ignorance of the critics' disdain for it, since the rule could not be derived from any general concern for clarity or precision.But writers who are aware of the critical controversy face a more delicate decision.Some will simply flout the rule,seeing no reason that they should be deprived of a useful construction.Others may choose to avoid the usage,whether they are motivated by discretion or civility. ·Like other sentence adverbs such asbluntly and happily, hopefully may occasionally be ambiguous. In the sentenceHopefully, the company has launched a new venture, the word hopefully might be construed as describing the point of view of either the speaker or the subject. Such ambiguities can be resolved either by repositioning the adverb (as inThe company has launched the new venture hopefully ) or by choosing a paraphrase ( One may hope that the company has launched the new venture ). 尽管hopefully 的这一用法在30年前首次通用的时候曾是个时兴词， 但对于广大读者来说它早已失去了俚语或矫饰的色彩。屡经证实的对这一用法的接受反映了对其实用性的普遍默认；而且并不存在其他精确的代用词。有人如果说但愿条约能被批准 ， 便是对条约的命运作了充满希望的预测，反之如果有人说我希望 （或 我们希望 或 希望 ) 条约将会被批准 则表达了对其期望之物的大胆声明。 只有后者可以接从句象但这不大可能 。 也许我们本可以期待当这一用法已变得根深蒂固之后， 对hopefully 的一片反对声可稍事平息。 然而，这一用法的流行似乎反而使批评家们更为坚定。在1969年用法调查使用小组的调查中44%的成员接受这一用法；在最近一次的调查中却只有27%的成员接受。（相比之下，60%的人接受mercifully 在句子 幸好，在对手能够给这一边倒的比分再加上一分之前，比赛就结束了 中的类似用法） 但是并没有任何迹象表明调查小组成员正在普遍变得更保守：在同一次调查中小组成员们倾向于接受被一度废除的某些用法，如把contact 和 host 用作动词看来。 似乎hopefully 的用法已经成了一块试金石， 它把对语法和用法怀有浓厚兴趣的作家和保留着他们自己的语言学顾问的广大民众区分开来。那些全然忽视批评家们的蔑视使用hopefully 的人不该受到指责， 因为规则并不来源于任何对清晰和精确的关注。但是意识到了批评界争议的作者们面对着一个更为微妙的决定。有些人干脆违反规则，他们认为没有理由要失去这么一个实用的结构。另外一些人则选择避免这一用法，无论其动机是出于谨慎还是出于礼貌。象许多其它句中副词如bluntly 和 happily一样，hopefully 经常出现歧义。 在下句 Hopefully, the company has launched a new venture 中， hopefully 一词可以解释为记述说话者的观点或者句中主语的观点。 这种歧义可以通过调换副词位置（如公司已经满怀希望地到办了一个新企业 )或选择另一种说法( 有人希望这个公司已经创办了一个新企业 )来消除 〔slap〕To restrain or correct by means of a sharp blow or emphatic censure:平息，压制：用有力的一击或断然的指责来限制或纠正：〔pay〕from Latin pācāre [to pacify] 源自 拉丁语 pācāre [安抚，平息] |
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