| 单词 | 平等 |
| 释义 | 〔imparity〕pār [equal] * see perə- 2pār [平等的] * 参见 perə- 2〔trigram〕A figure composed of three solid or interrupted parallel lines, especially as used in Chinese philosophy or divination according to the I Ching.三行图式：三条连续或间断平等线组成的图形，尤指用于中国哲学或占卜中的图式〔leveler〕One who advocates the abolition of social inequities.平等主义者：提倡消灭社会不平等现象的人〔footing〕Everyone began on an equal footing.人人以平等关系交往〔egalitarian〕Affirming, promoting, or characterized by belief in equal political, economic, social, and civil rights for all people.平等主义：坚信、促进或以如下信仰为特征的，即相信人门在政治、经济、社会和公民权利方面是平等的〔counterbalance〕A force or influence equally counteracting another.抗衡力，平衡力：能够平等地抵消另一种力或影响的力或影响〔smooth〕Having an even consistency:柔软的：硬度平等的：〔coequal〕Equal with one another, as in rank or size.相互平等的：在地位和规模上互相平等的〔standard〕Normal, familiar, or usual:平等的，熟悉的，通常的：〔even〕Equal or identical in degree, extent, or amount:相同的：在地位、程度或数量上平等的或完全一致的：〔democratic〕Believing in or practicing social equality:平等的：信仰或遵循社会平等：〔obligation〕"Then in the marriage union,the independence of the husband and wife will be equal, their dependence mutual,and their obligations reciprocal" (Lucretia Mott).“在一桩婚姻中，丈夫与妻子的独立性是平等的，依赖性是互相的，而他们的责任也是彼此之间的” （卢克丽霞·莫特）。〔integration〕The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization; desegregation.种族或宗教融合：在社会或组织中，使不同的种族或宗教派别的人处于无限制的平等的关系中；取消种族隔离〔beside〕has earned a place beside the best performers in the business.在商业中赢得与最佳者平等的地位〔disparity〕Late Latin paritās [equality] * see parity 1后期拉丁语 paritās [平等，相等] * 参见 parity1〔fair〕Just to all parties; equitable:公正的，平等的：对各方都公平对待的；公平的：〔egalitarian〕from aequālis [equal] * see equal 源自 aequālis [平等的] * 参见 equal〔accompany〕 Accompany suggests going with another on an equal basis: Accompany 指在平等的基础上伴随他人： 〔Beecher〕American cleric. A fiery preacher, moderate Calvinist theologian, and resolute abolitionist, he was the father ofCatharine Esther Beecher (1800-1878), who promoted equal educational opportunities for women; Edward Beecher (1803-1895), a clergyman and educator noted for his abolitionist views and writings; and Henry Ward Beecher (1813-1887), a clergyman and newspaper editor famous for his abolitionist orations. Harriet Beecher Stowe was another of Lyman's children. 比彻尔，吕曼：(1775-1863) 美国牧师，热情的传道士、不激进的加尔文派神学家和坚定的废奴主义者。他的四个子女，凯瑟琳·埃丝特·比彻尔 （1800-1878年），她倡导了向妇女提供平等的受教育机会； 爱德华·比彻尔 （1803-1895年），牧师和教育家，以其废奴主义观点和著作而闻名； 亨利·沃德·比彻尔 （1813-1887年），牧师和报刊编辑，以其废奴主义演讲而著名。哈里特·比彻尔·斯托是莱曼的另一个孩子 〔equal〕It has been argued thatequal is an absolute term— two quantities either are or are not equal—and hence cannot be qualified as to degree.Therefore one cannot logically speak ofa more equal allocation of resources among the departments. However, this usage was accepted by 71 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey.What is more, objection to the usage betrays a widespread but questionable assumptionthat it is in mathematics and logic that we find the model of accuracy most appropriate to the everyday use of language,a supposition that also underlies traditional grammatical discussions of words such asunique, parallel, and center. According to this account,the "precise" or "literal" meaning ofequal is realized in the use of the equal sign in an arithmetic expression such as 5 + 2 = 7; and the ordinary-language uses of the term,though they may be permissible,represent "loose" or "imprecise" extensions of that sense.But in fact the mathematical concept of equality is a poor model for using the wordequal to describe relations between things in the world. As applied to such things,statements of equality are always relative to an implicit standard of tolerance.When someone saysThe two boards are of equal length, we assume that the equality is reckoned to some order of approximation determined by the context;if we did not,we would be required always to usenearly equal when speaking of the dimensions of physical objects. What is more,we often want to predicate equality of things that do not admit of quantitative measurement,as when we sayThe college draft was introduced in an effort to make the teams in the National Football League as equal as possible, orThe candidates for the job should all be given equal consideration. In all such cases,equality is naturally a gradient notionand so is amenable to modification in degree.This much is evident from the existence of the wordunequal. The prefixun- attaches only to gradient adjectives: we sayunmanly but not unmale; and the worduneven can be applied to a surface (whose evenness may be a matter of degree) but not to a number (whose evenness is an either-or affair). ·The adverbequally is generally regarded as redundant when used in combination with as, and the following examples employingequally as were termed unacceptable by 63 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey: 单词equal 一向被认为是一个很绝对的词语—— 两个数量要么相同要么不同——这样就不能有程度上的差别。所以，如果有人说在各部门间对资源更公平的分配 ，那么就不合逻辑了。 但是这种用法在早先的用法调查中被百分之七十一用法使用小组的人接受。而且，对这种用法的反对体现出了一种很流行但却值得怀疑的假设，那就是我们从数学和逻辑中得出适用于日常语言准确性的实例，而这种假设也可从我们对一些词，如unique，parallel 和 center 传统的语法讨论中体现出来。 根据这个解释，equal “准确”或“书面”的意思则是由在算术表达式，如5+2=7中所运用的相同的符号而表达清楚的； 而该词在日常语言中的用法，虽然被允许，但却代表了其含意“松散”或“不严谨”的引申。但是实际上用数学概念上的相等来运用equal 这个词描述世上各种事物之间的关系是一个很差劲的例子。 当该词应用于生活中的事物时，相等的观念往往与暗含的容忍相关联。当有人说两块木板同样长 时， 我们会认为由于上下文的关系，相等可以被看作大约近似；如果我们不这样想，那么当我们谈到物体的尺寸时，就要经常使用nearly equal 。 另外，我们常常会预测和数量无关的事物的相同性，比如我们会说，引入大学的要求是为了使全国足球联合会中的各队尽可能平等 ， 或者应给予该项工作的应征者同等的考虑 。 在所有这些例子中，相等是个可变化的概念，所以可在程度有所不同。Unequal 这个词的存在就是很好的证明。 un- 这个前缀只附加于有程序变化的形容词， 我们说unmanly 但不说 unmale ； 而uneven 这个词只能用于某物的表面（其平坦可有程度上的差别）， 而不能用于数目（数目只能说相等或不相等）。Equally 这一副词在与 as 连用时通常被认为是多余的， 在早先的用法调查中，以下这些使用equally as 的句子遭到百分之六十三使用小组的人反对： 〔partner〕These nouns all denote one who is united or associated with another, as in a venture or relationship. Apartner participates in a relationship in which each member has equal status: 这些名词都是指在一项冒险事业或一类关系中与另一方联合或有联系的一方。Partner 指参加到一种每个成员都处于平等地位的关系中的一员： 〔emulate〕To strive to equal or excel, especially through imitation:竞争：争取平等或超越，尤指通过模仿：〔level〕To bring persons or things to an equal level; equalize.使平等：将人或事物置于平等的条件下；使平等〔fairly〕In a fair or just manner; equitably.公正地：公平地或公正地；平等地〔iniquity〕aequus [equal] aequus [平等的] 〔compeer〕from Latin compār [equal] * see compare 源自 拉丁语 compār [平等的] * 参见 compare〔emulate〕To compete with successfully; approach or attain equality with.See Synonyms at rival 比得上；接近或达到与…平等 参见 rival〔nous〕In Stoicism, the equivalent of Logos.在坚忍主义中，与劳格斯平等〔tireless〕an indefatigable advocate of equal rights;一个不屈不挠的权利平等的倡导者；〔collegial〕Characterized by or having power and authority vested equally among colleagues:共同掌权的：具有同僚间平等授权的特点：〔promiscuous〕From Latin prōmiscuus [possessed equally] 源自 拉丁语 prōmiscuus [平等地被占有] 〔level〕Being at the same degree of rank, standing, or advantage as another; equal.同等的：与其他人或物在地位、程度或条件上相同的；平等的〔fellowship〕The companionship of individuals in a congenial atmosphere and on equal terms.交往：单独的个人在志趣相投的氛围下和平等的基础上进行的交际〔collegium〕An executive council or committee of equally empowered members, especially one supervising an industry, a commissariat, or another organization in the Soviet Union.执行管理委员会：由平等授权的成员组成的行政会议或委员会，尤指苏联用以监督某一产业、政府部门或其它组织的委员会〔distribute〕Divide implies giving out portions, often equal, on the basis of a plan or purpose: Divide 表示根据计划或目的进行按份额分发，常是平等的： 〔even〕Having nothing due on either side; square:平等的：各不亏欠的；均等的：〔loan〕Lendis also required in fixed expressions such as lend-lease and moneylender. Lend也用于固定词组如 平等租借交换 和 放债者 中 〔common〕Belonging equally to or shared equally by two or more; joint:共同的：平等地属于两个或两个以上或由他们分享的；共同的：〔left〕The people and groups who advocate liberal, often radical measures to effect change in the established order, especially in politics, usually to achieve the equality, freedom, and well-being of the common citizens of a state. Also called left wing 左派人士，激进分子：拥护自由、经常采取激进的措施来影响现存秩序的变革的人或群体，尤指政治领域，经常是为了争取一个国家内广大国民的平等、自由及安康 也作 left wing〔umpire〕The anguished, hostile cry "Kill the ump" could have been "kill the nump" had it not been for the linguistic process known as false splitting or juncture loss.In the case ofumpire we can almost see the process in action if we study the Middle English Dictionary entry for noumpere, the Middle English ancestor of our word. Noumpere comes from the Old French nonper, made up ofnon, "not,” and per, "equal,” as is someone who is requested to act as arbiter of a dispute between two people; that is, the arbiter is not paired with one of them.In Middle English the earliest recorded form isnoumper (about 1350). The earliest dated form without ann in the entry is owmpere ( a Middle English variant spelling),in a text composed in 1440.How then was lost can be seen if we compare the sequence a noounpier in a text written in 1426-1427 with the sequence an Oumper from a text written probably around 1475. Then of noumpere became attached to the indefinite article, giving usan instead of a and, eventually,umpire instead of .numpire. 要不是因为被称为假分裂或失去连音的语言学过程，"Kill the ump"（杀掉裁判）这样痛苦，仇恨的呐喊可能会成为"kill the nmup"。在umpire 这一例子中，如果我们研究一下 中古英语词典 中 noumpere 这一词条，即该词在中古英语中的原型，便会了解这一语言学现象的过程。 Noumpere 来自于古法语 nonper， 由non, “不”，和 per, “平等的”组成，表示一个应要求就两人之间的争议做出仲裁的人； 也就是说，不与任何一人合作的公断人。中古英语的最先记录形式是noumper （约1350年）。 词条中没有n 的最早形式是 owmpere ( 中古英语的变体拼写），出现于1440年所做的一篇文章。通过比较两个顺序可以看出n 是我们被省略的：一个是 a noounpier ，出现于写于1426年至1427年间的一篇文章；另一个是 an Oumper 摘自可能写于1475年的文章。 noumpere 中的 n 变得和不定冠词连在一起， 成为an 而非 n ， 最后就出现了umpire 而不是 ·numpire |
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