| 单词 | 并非 |
| 释义 | 〔superficial〕Apparent rather than actual or substantial:表面上的：貌似真实而并非真实或实在的：〔news〕If you take the first letters of the directions North, East, West, and South,it is true that you have the letters of the wordnews, but it is not true that you have the etymology ofnews, contrary to what has often been thought. The history of the word is much less clever than this and not at all unexpected.News is simply the plural of the noun new, which we use, for example, in the adage "Out with the old, in with the new.”The first recorded user of this plural to mean "tidings" may have been James I of Scotland;a work possibly written by him around 1437 contains the words "Awak . . . I bring The [thee] newis [news] glad.”It is pleasant to see that the first news was good.However, his descendant James I of England is the first person recorded (1616) to have said"No newis is better than evill newis,”or as we would put it, "No news is good news.”如果你取北、东、西、南四个单词各自的首字母，就得到单词news 的所有字母， 但是这并非news 的出处。 这个词的历史远比这巧妙且不是完全不可想象的。News 是名词 new 的复数形式， 举例来说，我们在谚语“旧的去了，新的来了”中使用了这个词。关于把这个词的复数作为“音讯”来用的最早记录是苏格兰的詹姆士一世，在他写的一本约1437年的书里有这样的话语“阿瓦克……，我给你带来好消息，”看到第一条是好消息是很让人高兴的。然而，他的后代英格兰的詹姆士一世却是记载(1616年）最先说出下面的话的人：“没有消息比坏消息好”或者如我们所说的“没有消息就是好消息”〔unmixed〕unmixed pleasure; was not an unmixed blessing.纯粹的欢悦；并非完全是件好事〔Macpherson〕Scottish poet who claimed to have translated the works of Ossian, a third-century Gaelic poet and warrior. Although based on unauthenticated original texts, the translations influenced many writers.麦克弗森，詹姆斯：(1736-1796) 苏格兰诗人，自称翻译了3世纪盖尔族诗人、战士奥西恩的作品。尽管译文所依据的并非原始作者文本，仍然影响了许多作家〔submarine〕The long sandwich featuring layers of meat and cheese on a crusty Italian roll goes by a variety of names.Submarine, sub, and hero are widespread terms, not assignable to any particular region.Most of the localized terms are clustered in the northeast United States,where the greatest numbers of Italian Americans live.Jane Stern, having studied the great variety of American names for this sandwich, finds that upstate New Yorkers call it abomber, while speakers downstate refer to awedge. In the Delaware Valley,including Philadelphia and southern New Jersey,the sandwich is called ahoagie. In Italian restaurants in New England the menu is likely to include agrinder. Speakers in Miami use the nameCuban sandwich and in Maine,Italian sandwich, but in the southern Midwest, according to Stern, the nameItalian is common, with both Italian and Italian sandwich recapturing the authentic nationality of the sandwich. In New Orleansthe same sandwich is called apoor boy and is likely to be offered in a most un-Italian version featuring fried oysters.在意大利长圆面包上放上几层肉和干酪而做成的长三明治，已有好几个名称。Submarine，sub 以及 hero 是使用最为广泛的名称， 而并非哪个地区的专用。这种三明治的大多数地方性名称集中于美国东北部地区，那里是居住意裔美国人最多的地方。简·斯特恩在对这种三明治的各种美国名称进行研究后发现，纽约州北部的居民称之为bomber（轰炸机） ， 而纽约州南部的居民称之为wedge（楔形物） 。 在特拉华河谷，包括费城和新泽西南部，这种三明治叫做hoagie 。 在新英格兰的意大利饭馆的菜单上，它称为grinder 。 迈阿密人则使用古巴三明治 这个名称， 而缅因州人使用意大利三明治 这个名称。 依据斯特恩的研究，在中西部的南部，人们普遍使用Italian（意大利式） 这一名称，或者就叫它 意大利式 ，或者称之为 意大利三明治 。这两个名称都反映了该三明治的原产国。 在新奥尔良，相同的三明治又叫做可怜的男孩 ， 而其做法绝对是非意大利式的，因为当中夹有牡蛎〔unwonted〕Not habitual or ordinary; unusual:罕见的：并非习惯性的或并非为通常状况的；不寻常的：〔sublime〕"not terrible,/That I should fear . . . /But solemn and sublime"(John Milton)“我所恐怕的，/并非恐怖…/而是崇高与庄严”(约翰·米尔顿)〔boast〕"We confide [i.e., have confidence] in our strength, without boasting of it; we respect that of others, without fearing it" (Thomas Jefferson). “我们自信于 自己的力量， 这并非自夸；我们也重视别人的力量，但并不畏惧” （托马斯·杰斐逊）。〔fornication〕Sexual intercourse between partners who are not married to each other.私通，通奸：并非夫妻的两人进行的性交〔posthumous〕The wordposthumous is associated with death, both in meaning and in form. Our word goes back to the Latin wordpostumus, meaning "last born, born after the death of one's father, born after the making of a will,” and "last, final.”Postumus was largely used with respect to events occurring after death but not exclusively so,since the word was simply one of the superlative forms of the adverbpost, "subsequently, afterward.” Because of its use in connection with death,however, later Latin writers decided that the last part of the word must have to do withhumus, "earth,” or humāre, "to bury,” and began spelling the wordposthumus. This form of the Latin word was borrowed into English,being first recorded in a work composed before 1464.Perhaps the most telling use of the word appears in the poet Robert Southey's comment on the rewards of an author:"It was well we should be contented with posthumous fame, but impossible to be so with posthumous bread and cheese.”Posthumous 这个词在意义和形式上都与死亡有关。 英语中这个词可追溯到拉丁语postumus ， 意为“最后生的，父亲死后生的，立遗嘱之后出生的”和“最后的，最终的。”Postumus 绝大多数情况下用来指死后所发生的事情， 但也并非仅此一种用法，因为这个词只是意为“随后地，后来地”副词post 的最高级形式之一。 由于其用法与死亡有关，因此后来的拉丁语作者们决定该词的后半部分应与humus “土地”或 humare “埋葬”有关， 并开始将这个词拼写成posthumus。 这个拉丁词的拼写形式后来被借用到英语中，在英语中首次记录于1464年前所著的一部作品中。也许这个词最显著的使用出现在诗人罗伯特·骚塞对一个作者所得奖励的评论中：“我们满足于死后得到的声名，而不可能满足于死后所得到面包与奶酪，这样很好”〔your〕not one of your two-bit philosophers; your basic three-story frame house.并非你所谓的不足称道的哲学家；你们那种基本的三层构架房屋〔adventitious〕Not inherent but added extrinsically.See Synonyms at accidental 外来的：并非与生俱有的而是外加的 参见 accidental〔unsettled〕Not in a state of order or calmness; disturbed:动荡的：并非处于一种有序或平静的状态的；纷扰的：〔abiogenic〕Not produced by living organisms.自然发生的，无生源说的：并非由生物体产生的〔orgy〕The wordorgy has become connected in the minds of many of us with unrestrained sexual activity, but its origins are much less licentious.We can trace the word as far back as the Indo-European rootwerg-, meaning "to do"and the source of our wordwork. Greekorgia, "secret rites, worship,” also comes from the rootwerg-, by way of the form.worg-. The Greek word was used with reference to the worship and the ritespracticed in the worship of various deities,such as Orpheus and Dionysus.The word in Greek did not denote sexual activity,although this was a part of some of the various rites.The rites of Dionysus, for example, included only music, dancing, drinking, and the eating of animal sacrifices.Having passed through Latin and Old French into Englishthe wordorgy is first recorded in English with reference to the secret rites of the Greek and Roman religions in 1589. It is interesting to note that the word is first recorded with its modern sense in 18th-century English and perhaps in 17th-century French.Whether this speaks to a greater licentiousness in society or not must be left to the historian,but certainly the religious nature of the word has gone into eclipse.单词orgy 已经以不加节制的性行为的概念深植于我们许多人的头脑之中， 但它的原意却并非是很放荡的。我们可以追溯该词到印欧的词根werg- 当中， 意思是“做”，并且是我们work 一词的来源。 希腊语orgia, “秘密仪式，崇拜”， 也来源于词根werg-， 形式为worg- 。 希腊语中用其指崇拜以及一些仪式，这些仪式用于表达对各神明的崇拜，比如俄耳甫斯和狄俄尼索斯。该词在希腊语中并不是表示性行为，尽管性行为也是各种仪式中的一个部分。例如，狄俄尼索斯的仪式中仅仅包括音乐、舞蹈、饮酒和吃祭祀动物。从拉丁语和古法语转到英语，orgy 这一词在1589年首次在英文有记载表示希腊和罗马秘密宗教仪式含义。 有趣的是，该词早在18世纪也许17世纪就已有其现代意义的首次记载了。不论它是不是指社会中的一种大型的狂欢节（这是历史学家的事了），有一点是非常明确的，那就是这个词的宗教本质已经逐渐消失了〔unseasonable〕Not characteristic of the time of year:不相应的：并非一年中某一时间的典型特征的：〔implicature〕The process by which such a meaning is conveyed, implied, or suggested. In saying"Some dogs are mammals,” the speaker conveys by implicature that not all dogs are mammals. 传达言下之意：这样的意义被传达、意指、或是建议的过程，当我们说"Some dogs are mammals" 时，说话者另一方面也传达了并非所有的狗都是哺乳类动物的言下之意 〔paratype〕A biological specimen other than a holotype used for the development of the original description of a taxonomic group.副模式标本：生物标本，并非用于生物分类最初定义发展的正模式标本〔independent〕Not determined or influenced by someone or something else; not contingent:有主见的，独立见解的：不受其它人或其它事物决定或影响的；并非偶发的，并非偶然的：〔unlearned〕[-lûrndʹ] Not acquired by training or studying:[-lûrndʹ] 不学就会的：并非通过训练或学习来获得的：〔nominal〕Of, relating to, or being the amount or face value of a sum of money or a stock certificate, for example, and not the purchasing power or market value.面值的，非市场价值的：属于、关于或是一笔钱或者股票证券的票面价值量的，而并非购买力市场价值〔outdoorsy〕"backpackers, mountain climbers, cross-country skiers, and other no-nonsense outdoorsy types"(New Yorker)“背包旅行者、爬山者、越野滑雪者和其他一些并非凑热闹的喜欢野外生活的人”(纽约客)〔absolute〕Of, relating to, or being a transitive verb when its object is implied but not stated. For example,inspires in We have a teacher who inspires is an absolute verb. 独立的：及物动词的宾语是暗指的而并非明确指出的，比如鼓舞 在 我们有一位鼓舞人的老师 中是作为一独立动词 〔unique〕Over the course of the centuryunique has become the paradigmatic example of the class of terms that do not allow comparison or modification by an adverb of degree such as very, somewhat, or quite. Thus, most grammarians believe that it is incorrect to say that something isvery unique or more unique than something else, though phrases such asnearly unique and almost unique are acceptable. In the most recent survey the sentenceHer designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene was unacceptable to 80 percent of the Usage Panel. · Critical objections to the comparison and degree modification of absolute terms date to the 18th centuryand have been applied to a wide group of adjectives includingequal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect, and unanimous. According to the standard argument, such words denote properties that a thing either does or does not have but cannot have to a qualifiable degree.Thus ifunique is properly used to mean "without equal or equivalent,” something either is unique or it isn't, and phrases such asvery unique and more unique can only betray a weakening of the sense to mean something like "unusual" or "distinctive.” It is true that comparison and modification ofunique are often associated with the style favored by copywriters, as in the advertisement announcing thatOmaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique or in the claim that a new automobile is So unique, it's patented. But modification ofunique is also found in the work of reputable writers, where it may lack any connotations of hyperbole.A painting is described asthe most unique of Beckman's self-portraits, and a travel writer states thatChicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco. The relative acceptability of these usages reflects the semantic subtlety ofunique itself. If we were to useunique only according to the strictest criteria of logic, after all, we might freely apply the term to anything in the worldsince nothing is wholly equivalent to anything else.Clearly, then, when we say that a restaurant or painting is unique,we mean that it is worthy of inclusion in a class by itself according to certain implicit but generally accepted criteria.Thus a legitimately unique painting might be one that realizes an unparalleled aesthetic vision,but not one that is rendered only in pigments whose names begin with the lettero; and a legitimately unique restaurant might be one that serves 18th-century French cuisine according to the original recipes,not one that has been installed in a converted sardine cannery.Given this understanding, it is not inherently impossible to think of uniqueness as a matter of degree,in the sense that one painting or restaurant may be more or less worthy of inclusion in a class by itself than some other. ·What is troubling about the copywriters' use ofunique is not that the word has become a synonym for unusual. Rather, it is the copywriters who are using the word in conformity with strict logic.Uniqueness is claimed for a restaurant in virtue of some trivial properties of its decor or menu,or for a resort hotel that simply happens to have a singularly picturesque view of the bay.Though it may be true that such properties render these thingslogically unique, they do not constitute legitimate grounds for putting the things into a class by themselves according to the criteria ordinarily invoked when things are sorted into classes.In fact, the abuse ofunique can be cloying even when no modification or comparison is involved; when we read an advertisement for a line of sportswear that featuresa unique selection of colors, we may suspect that the distinctive properties of the color selection are not so remarkable as the advertiser would have us believe. But it is not surprising that these uses ofunique should lend themselves to promiscuous modification and comparison; for once it is granted that uniqueness can be claimed for any product or service that is somehow distinctive from all its competitors,it is inevitable that an increase in uniqueness will be seen in every minor innovation.See Usage Note at equal ,infinite ,parallel ,perfect 在本世纪整个过程中unique 已成为不能由程度副词，例 very、somewhat 或 quite， 比较或修饰的一类术语的例证。 因此，多数语法学家认为说某事是very unique 或 more unique than 是不正确的， 虽然短语例如nearly unique 和 almost unique 是可接受的。 在最近的调查中，句子Her designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene （她的设计在现今流行样式的场面中是很独特的） 对用法专题使用小组的百分之八十成员是不可接受的。 对纯粹术语的比较和程度修饰的主要异议可追述到18世纪，并已广泛用到许多形容词中，包括equal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect 和 unanimous。 根据标准论据，这些单词表示一事有或没有但不能有可修饰的程度的性质。于是如果unique 适当地用于表示“没有相等或相当的”，则某事是唯一的或不是唯一的， 而短语像very unique 和 more unique 仅能表露出说明某事像“不寻常的”或“独特的”的意义的减弱。 的确，unique 的比较和修饰常与撰稿人喜欢的文体相联系， 如在广告中称Omaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique（奥马哈城的最独特的餐馆现在甚至是更加独特） 或声称新汽车是 So unique, it's patented（如此独特，它取得了专利权）。 但是unique 的修饰也在著名作家的作品中发现， 那里可能缺乏夸张法的任何涵义。描述一张油画为the most unique of Beckman's self-portraits（最独特的贝克曼的自画像）， 一位旅游作家叙述Chicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco（芝加哥比纽约或旧金山是不逊独特的美国城市）。 这些用法的相对可接受性反映unique 自身语义的巧妙。 如果我们仅按照逻辑的严格标准使用unique ， 则我们终于会自由地把此术语使用于世界上的任何事，因为没有完全等同于另一事的事。于是，显然当我们说餐馆或油画是独特的时，我们意味着根据某种隐含的但可普遍接受的判据它是值得包含在一个等级内的。于是合理独特的油画可能是实现空前未有的审美型的，而不是仅给予名字以字母O开始的颜料； 合理独特的餐馆可能根据原来的食谱提供18世纪法国菜肴的餐馆，而不是配备转换的沙丁鱼罐头食品的餐馆。按这样了解，将独特性视为程度问题不是本来就不可能的，在这个意义上一张油画或一个餐馆或多或少可能是极好的有价值的内涵物而不是其他。关于撰稿人使用unique 的困惑不是此单词已成为 unusual 的同义词。 相反地，正是撰稿人使用此单词与严密的逻辑相一致。对餐馆声称独特性是由于它的布置或菜单的某些不重要的性质，或者对于人们常去的旅馆仅因为有海湾的独一无二地别致的景象。虽然这样的性质使得这些事logically 独特的可能是真实的， 但是当事情进行了分类，根据平常实行的判据把这些事情自身放到一类，他们不组成正常的基础。事实上unique 的滥用会使人发腻，即使在没有涉及修饰或比较的时候； 当我们读运动服装的unique selection of colors（颜色的独特选择） 的一行广告时， 我们会怀疑颜色选择的独特性质并非广告商希望我们所认为的那么明显。但不必惊讶于unique 的这些用法应当适用于杂乱的修饰和比较； 就这一次可以承认，独特性能用来指任何产品或服务，它们与所有的竞争者相比较有某种程度的特色，在每一小的创新中可以看到独特性的增加是必然会发生的 参见 equal,infinite,parallel,perfect〔stripe〕"All Fascists are not of one mind, one stripe"(Lillian Hellman)“所有的法西斯主义者并非一个思想，一个种类”(莉莲·赫尔曼)〔contingent〕An event or condition that is likely but not inevitable.偶然事件：可能发生但并非不可避免的事件或情形〔paraneoplastic〕Of or relating to a syndrome or other systemic disturbance associated with but not directly related to a primary tumor or its metastases.肿瘤伴随的：与主要肿瘤及其扩散部位关联但并非直接关联的症状或其他系统紊乱的，或与其相关的〔untaught〕Not acquired by instruction; natural.自然的：并非通过教导获得的；自然的〔bayonet〕It is not unusual for a word to come from a place name.Cheddar, from the name of a village in southwest England; hamburger, after Hamburg, Germany; and mayonnaise, possibly from Mahón, the capital of Minorca, are often found together on our tables.The wordbayonet, a very undomestic sort of word, also derives from a place name,that of Bayonne, a town in southwest France where the weapon was first made.The French wordbaïonnette could mean "a dagger or a knife" as well, and the English word bayonet is first found in 1672 with this meaning. The word is first recorded in its present sense in 1704.一个词来源于一个地名并非罕见。Cheddar 来源于英格兰西南部一个村庄的名字； hamburger 是根据德国汉堡而得名； mayonnaise 可能来自米诺卡岛的首府梅霍恩， 这些词常常可以在我们的表里一齐被找到。bayonet， 一个与母语毫无关系的词， 也是来自地名，那就是法国西南城镇巴约讷，在那里首先造出了这种武器。法语词baionnette 可能意味着“短剑或刀”，同样英语的 bayonet 于1672年第一次被发现时也具有这个意思。 在1704年这个词首次以现在的意思被记录下来〔objectivism〕An emphasis on objects rather than feelings or thoughts in literature or art.客观主义：在文学或艺术中对客观物体的强调而并非对情感或思想的强调〔Irangate〕A scandal occurring during the Reagan administration in which members of the executive branch sold weapons to Iran and illegally used the profits to continue funding an army of rebels in Nicaragua.伊朗军火丑闻：里根主政时期所发生的丑闻，负责执行的分支机构成员贩卖军火给伊朗并非法以贩卖所得的收益持续资助位于尼加拉瓜的反叛军队〔pity〕"Compassion is not weakness, and concern for the unfortunate is not socialism" (Hubert H. Humphrey).“同情并非缺点，为不幸者着想并不等于社会主义” （休伯特·H·哈姆福里）。〔Utzon〕Danish architect who won a competition to design the Opera House in Sydney, Australia (1957). He withdrew from the project in 1966, and the building was completed, though not entirely to his design, in 1973.伍重：丹麦建筑师，在设计澳大利亚悉尼歌剧院的竞争中获胜（1957年）。他于1966年退出该项目，该楼于1973年竣工，不过并非完全根据他的设计〔conceptualize〕"Efforts to conceptualize the history and structure of the universe were already running into trouble because . . . the universe was not as uniform as had been assumed"(John Noble Wilford)“试图把宇宙的历史与结构概念化的努力已陷入困境…因为宇宙并非如人们所设想的那样一成不变”(约翰·诺贝尔·威尔福特)〔indirect〕These adjectives mean not leading by a direct or straight line or course to a destination.这些形容词的意思是“并非通过一条直线或直路达到目的的”。〔sic〕Thus; so. Used in written texts to indicate that a surprising or paradoxical word, phrase, or fact is not a mistake and is to be read as it stands.原文如此：这样；如此在书面文本中用来指明一个令人奇怪或反论的词、词组或事实，其并非是错误的，而要被理解为它所代表的意义〔original〕Not derived from something else; fresh and unusual:有创意的：并非起源于其它事物的；有创见的且非凡的：〔implicature〕The aspect of meaning that a speaker conveys, implies, or suggests without directly expressing. Although the utterance"Can you pass the salt?” is literally a request for information about one's ability to pass salt, the understood implicature is a request for salt. 言下之意：此方面意义指的是说话者并非以直接表达的方式传达、意指、或是建议某件事情，虽然"Can you pass the salt?” 字面上指的是询问有关某人是否有能力递盐的讯息，但我们所了解的言下之意却只是对盐的需求 〔subliterary〕Not written as or intended to be literature:并非作为文学而创作的：〔innate〕Of or produced by the mind rather than learned through experience:内在的，直觉的：属于或产生自大脑而并非来自经验的： |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。