| 单词 | 幼儿 |
| 释义 | 〔infant〕A child in the earliest period of life, especially before he or she can walk.婴儿，幼儿：处于生命早期阶段的小孩，尤指他或她还不会走路之时〔babyproof〕To make safe for babies or young children; childproof:使对婴儿或幼儿安全；使对儿童安全：〔infant〕Anyone who has ever responded to the cries of a howling infantmay find it difficult to believe the etymology of the wordinfant. The source of our word is the Latin wordīnfāns (stem form, or form to which inflections are added, īnfant- ), meaning "a little child; strictly, one who does not yet speak.”The noun is from the adjectiveīnfāns, meaning "not having the power of speech" and "newly born"and made up of the negative prefixin- and the present participle fāns, "speaking,” of the verbfārī, "to speak.” Latinīnfāns and its Old French descendant enfant could both be used to refer to a speaking child, and the earliest recorded use (around 1384) of their Middle English descendantinfaunte, the ancestor of our word, is in the sense "child.”This use gave rise to our legal sense ofinfant, "a minor,” thus reminding us of individuals who can be very talkative indeed.只要是听过婴儿啼哭声的人，就难以相信infant 的词源是这样来的： 这个词的词源是拉丁文infans （派生形式，即加了词尾的变体， infant- )， 意思是“一个小孩子；严格地说，是指还不会说话的幼儿”。名词是由形容词infans 演化而来的， 它的意思是“不会说话的”“新生的”，由反义前缀in 和现在分词 fans “说话的”构成的， 其动词原形为fari 意思是“说话”。 拉丁字infans 及它的古法语派生字 enfant 都可以用来指会说话的幼儿； 它们的派生词、我们这个字的鼻祖是中古英语字infaunte ，其最早的记载约在1384年左右， 那时的意思是“儿童”。这样，我们这个字的法定意义infant “未成年人”就出现了； 这使我们想起那些十分健谈的人〔babyproof〕Made safe for babies or young children; childproof.对婴儿或幼儿安全的；对儿童安全的〔infantilize〕To reduce to an infantile state or condition:使幼儿化：使降到幼儿的状态和情况：〔walker〕A frame device used to support someone, such as an infant learning to walk or a convalescent learning to walk again.支持物：用于支持某人的构架装置，例如供幼儿学走路用的或供恢复期病人重新学走路用的支持物〔milk〕A whitish liquid containing proteins, fats, lactose, and various vitamins and minerals that is produced by the mammary glands of all mature female mammals after they have given birth and serves as nourishment for their young.奶，乳：一种白色液体，含有蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖和多种维生素和矿物质，所有成年雌性哺乳动物在生产后其乳腺会分泌出该液体，用来哺育其幼儿〔fetus〕In human beings, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after conception to the moment of birth, as distinguished from the earlier embryo.胎儿：人类从开始怀孕的第八个星期到出生这一期间的有别于更早期的胚胎的幼儿〔weanling〕A newly weaned child or young animal.幻儿，仔兽：刚断奶的幼儿，离乳仔畜〔echolalia〕An infant's repetition of the sounds made by others, a normal occurrence in childhood development.幼儿学语：婴儿重复别人发出的声音，是幼儿成长过程中的正常现象〔paedomorph〕An organism that retains juvenile characteristics in the adult form.幼稚形态：成年人中对幼儿或青少年特征的保留〔calf〕The young of certain other mammals, such as the elephant or whale.幼崽：某种其它哺乳动物的幼儿，如象或鲸〔pamper〕Cosseted and pampered from earliest childhood, he believed the world had been invented for his entertainment.由于幼儿时期的宠爱和娇纵，他以为整个世界都是为了他的玩乐而创造的。〔LOGO〕A programming language developed for teaching young children. Elementary exercises involve drawing geometric shapes.LOGO教学语言：一种用于幼儿教学的计算机程序语言。其中的初级训练包括绘制几何图形〔infantilize〕To treat or condescend to as if still a young child:当幼儿对待：象小孩似的对待或施惠：〔effete〕The fact thateffete has come to mean "effeminate" marks a return to its etymological roots. Effete came into English from the Latin wordeffētus, made up ofex-, "out,” and the adjective fētus, "having recently given birth,” which is related to the nounfētus, "offspring,” a word we have borrowed as well. Latineffētus was used of plants that had borne fruit or of animals that had borne young, buteffētus could also mean "worn out with bearing young, exhausted, feeble.” The English wordeffete, whose earliest appearance is recorded in 1621, was first used in senses similar or identical to senses of Latineffētus ; however, in the last two centuries or so the senses "characterized by weakness or decadence" and "overrefined, effeminate,” have appeared.Botheffeminate and effete go back to the same Indo-European root, dhē(i)-, meaning "to suck.” Ineffeminate we see the development from a form of the root meaning literally "she who suckles"; ineffete, the development from a form of the root that refers to the baby who sucks milk from the mother. 事实上，effete 这个词表示“女人气的”意义反而表明其意义更接近于其词根的意义。 Effete 是从拉丁语effetus 传入英语的， 这个拉丁语词是由ex- 表“出”和形容词 fetus 表“刚刚生产”组成的， 该词与我们借用来的名词fetus 表示“后代”有关。 拉丁语effetus 用于指植物刚刚结出果实或动物刚产幼仔， 但effetus 可能也表示“刚出生而精疲力竭、无力、柔弱”。 英语词语effete 第一次记载于1621年， 当时的意义与拉丁语effetus 的意义基本相同或相似， 但从以后近两个世纪以来，表示“柔弱或堕落”和“娇柔或女人气”的意义相继出现。effeminate 和 effete 都源于同一印欧语系的词根 dhe(i-) 意为“吸”。 在effeminate 中，我们看到从词根形式拓展来的意义大体上是“喂奶的女人”； effete 从词根形式发展而来的意义是指从母体身上汲取乳汁的幼儿 〔toddler〕One who toddles, especially a young child learning to walk.蹒跚行走的人：一个蹒跚行走的人，尤指一个刚学习走路的幼儿 |
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