| 单词 | 广泛应用 |
| 释义 | 〔Czerny〕Austrian pianist and composer. A student of Beethoven and the teacher of Liszt, he wrote piano exercises, such asSchool of the Left Hand, which remain in wide use. 车尔尼，卡尔：(1791-1857) 奥地利钢琴家兼作曲家。贝多芬的学生，李斯特的老师，他写的钢琴练习曲，如《左手的学校》 至今仍广泛应用 〔weak〕 Weak, the most widely applicable, implies lack of physical, mental, or spiritual strength or deficiency of will or purpose: Weak 是最广泛应用的，表明缺少体力上的、智力上的或精神上力量的或意志力和目的意识不足的： 〔fluorine〕A pale-yellow, highly corrosive, poisonous, gaseous halogen element, the most electronegative and most reactive of all the elements, used in a wide variety of industrially important compounds. Atomic number 9; atomic weight 18.9984; freezing point -219.62°C; melting point -223°C; boiling point -188.14°C; specific gravity of liquid 1.108 (at boiling point); valence 1. See table at element 氟：一种浅黄色、强腐蚀性、有毒的气态卤素，是带有最强的负电性和最强抗电性的元素，被广泛应用于多种重要的工业化合物中。原子数为9；原子量为18.9984；凝点为-219.62°C；溶点为-223°C；沸点为-188.14°C；特定液态引力为1.108（于沸点）；原子价为1 参见 element〔mutual〕Mutual is uncontroversially used to describe a reciprocal relationship between two or more things, in which use it can be paraphrased by expressions involvingbetween or each other. Thustheir mutual animosity means "their animosity for each other" or "the animosity between them,” anda mutual defense treaty is one in which each party agrees to come to the defense of the other. Butmutual is also widely used where one might expect "common,” as inThe bill serves the mutual interests of management and labor and particularly in the expressionour mutual friend, which was widespread even before Charles Dickens used it as the title of a novel.Critics have often objected to this use,but it is well established in reputable writing.However,mutual in this latter sense is reserved to describe relations that hold between two or more specific parties and a third person or thing. It cannot be used as a substitute forcommon in the sense "general": Mutual 毫无争议地被用来描述两者或者更多事物之间的相互关系， 可以用一些包括between 或 each other 的表达来解释。 因此他们相互的敌意 意思为“他们彼此之间产生的敌意”或者“他们之间的敌意”， 相互防御条约 意为一个政党同意帮助另一政党进行防御的条约。 但是Mutual 也广泛地用来表示“共同的”， 就象在这个议案满足劳资双方的需要。 特别是在短语我们共同的朋友， 甚至在查理·狄更斯把它作为一本小说名之前就已经广泛应用。评论家们一直以来常常反对这种用法，但是在规范的写作中它已被完全确定下来了。但是mutual 后来产生的意思被用来描述两个或者更多特定元素及物和第三者之间的关系。 当意为“普遍的”时，它不能代替common 来表述“总体”的含义： 〔sodium〕A soft, light, extremely malleable silver-white metallic element that reacts explosively with water, is naturally abundant in combined forms, especially in common salt, and is used in the production of a wide variety of industrially important compounds. Atomic number 11; atomic weight 22.99; melting point 97.8°C; boiling point 892°C; specific gravity 0.971; valence 1. See table at element 钠：一种软、轻、极有伸展性的银白色金属元素，和水起爆炸反应，化合的形式较丰富，尤其是以普通盐的形式存在，在很多种重要的工业化合产品的生产中得到广泛应用。原子序数11；原子量22.99；熔点97.8°C；沸点892°C；比重0.971；原子价1 参见 element〔Sranantongo〕A creole based on English, spoken in coastal Suriname and widely used as a lingua franca. Also called Sranan ,taki-taki 克里奥尔语：一种源于英语的克里奥尔语，为沿海一带的苏里南人使用， 也作为广泛应用的法定语言 也作 Sranan,taki-taki〔Caslon〕English type designer whose typefaces, such as Caslon, were widely used in the 18th century.卡斯隆，威廉：(1692-1766) 英国字体设计者，他设计的铅字字样，如卡思隆字样广泛应用于18世纪〔why〕Many critics have held thatwhy is redundant in the expression the reason why, as inThe reason why he accepted the nomination is not clear. It is true thatwhy could be eliminated from such examples with no loss to the sense, but the construction has been used by reputable English writers since the Renaissance.See Usage Note at where 许多批评家认为在the reason why 这种表达中， why 是多余的， 如在句子The reason why he accepted the nomination is mot clear.（他接受提名的原因不太明确。） why 可以从这种例子中除去，对句子意义并不影响， 但是自从文艺复兴以来这种结构已为颇有名望的英语作家的广泛应用 参见 where〔sneak〕Snuck is an Americanism first introduced in the 19th century as a nonstandard regional variant ofsneaked. But widespread use ofsnuck has become more common with every generation. It is now used by educated speakers in all regions,and there is some evidence to suggest that it is more frequent among younger speakers thansneaked is. Formal written English is naturally and properly more conservative than other varieties, of course,and heresnuck still meets with much resistance. Many writers and editors have a lingering unease about the form,particularly if they recall its nonstandard origins.In fact, our consolidated citations, exhibiting almost 10,000 instances ofsneaked and snuck, indicate thatsneaked is preferred by a factor of 7 to 2. And 67 percent of the Usage Panel disapproves ofsnuck. Nevertheless, in recent yearssnuck has been quietly establishing itself in formal writing. An electronic search of a wide range of reputable publications turns up hundreds of citations forsnuck, not just in sports writingbut in news columns and commentary: Snuck 是一个美国独创词， 19世纪作为sneaked 的不标准的地方变体被首次引入。 在每一代，snuck 这个词都得到了广泛应用。 现在，任何地区受过教育的人都使用它，而且证据显示在年轻的使用者中，它比sneaked 更加常用。 当然，正式的文字英语自然要比其它语体保守一些，在这里，snuck 一词还是受到了排挤。 许多作家和编辑对这个词的形式有一种长久的反感，特别是联系到它不标准的起源。实际上，在我们反复验证过的显示约一万个使用sneaked 和 snuck 的引文中， 表明sneaked 受到青睐的程度为七比二。 用法专题使用小组成员中百分之六十七的人的反对snuck 一词。 但是，最近几年，snuck 在正式文体中也悄悄确立了它的地位。 对一系列著名出版物的电子扫描调查显示出几百处使用snuck 的地方， 而且不光是在体育文章中，在新闻专栏和评论中也有使用： 〔father〕The verbfather has come to be used widely to mean specifically to "perform the child-rearing functions of a father,”particularly in the gerundfathering, as inFathering a step-child takes considerable tact and understanding. This usage reflects the same social changes that have led to the analogous use of the verbparent and has met with the same kinds of critical resistance.In the most recent surveythe example cited was rejected by 64 percent of the Usage Panel.A problem particular to this use offather is that it may occasion opportunities for humorous misconstruction,since it is in direct competition with the older sense of "beget.” ·It is notablethat the analogous use ofmother as a verb meaning specifically "to perform the child-rearing functions of a mother" is encountered only rarely.It is likely that the discrepancy in the frequency of these new uses ofmother and father reflects the fact that recent writers on family life have tended to place more emphasis on a reconceptualization of the traditional paternal role in child-rearing.See Usage Note at parent 动词father 被广泛应用， 尤指“履行一个父亲养育孩子的职责”，特别是动名词fathering， 如在抚育养子得花费巨大的心智和理解 。 这种用法反应了引起动词parent 相似用法的同样社会变化， 并遭到了同样的批评反对。在最近的调查中，引用的例子被用法专题使用小组64%的成员反对。特别对于father 这种用法的一个问题是， 它可能会引起幽默的误解，因为它直接与旧观念的“生育”冲突。值得注意的是，mother 作为动词的相似用法意思特指“履行一个母亲生养孩子的职责”， 这种用法很少见。看起来mother 和 father 这些新用法出现频率的不一致反映了一个事实， 那就是近期家庭生活题材的作者们倾向于将更多的重点放在重新定义父母在抚养孩子上所充任的传统角色 参见 parent〔algin〕Any of several derivatives, such as sodium alginate or alginic acid, of a gelatinous substance extracted from certain brown algae and widely used as a thickening, stabilizing, emulsifying, or suspending agent in industrial, pharmaceutical, and food products, such as ice cream.褐藻酸，褐藻胶：任一种从特定的褐藻中提炼出来的胶状衍生物，如褐藻酸钠和褐藻酸。它作为粘稠剂、稳定剂、乳化剂或悬浮剂而广泛应用于工业、制药业和如冰淇淋的食品生产中 |
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