| 单词 | 废弃 |
| 释义 | 〔dottle〕From dot 1[lump (obsolete)] 源自 dot1[块（废弃的）] 〔neutralize〕 Negate andnullify suggest cancellation of validity, force, usefulness, value, consequence, or significance: Negate 和nullify 表示对效能、能量、用途、价值、结论或意义的废弃或推翻： 〔through〕Having no more use, value, or potential; washed up:无用的：不再有用途、价值或潜力的；废弃了的：〔obsolete〕an obsolete word.See Synonyms at old 一个废弃的词 参见 old〔disuse〕The state of not being used or of being no longer in use.不用，废弃：不用或者不再用的状态〔jetsam〕Discarded odds and ends.废弃的零碎物件〔cullet〕Scraps of broken or waste glass gathered for remelting, especially with new material.废碎玻璃：聚集起来被用作熔制破碎的或废弃的玻璃碎片，尤指与新材料一起熔制〔waste〕Regarded or discarded as worthless or useless:无用的，废弃的：被认为无价值或无用的或因无价值或无用的而抛弃的：〔toady〕A toady is not a pleasant individual,and the origin of the word makes being a toady even less pleasant.Toady is obviously derived from the word toad. The-y suffix can have diminutive force, and the earliest recorded sense (around 1690) oftoady (now obsolete), "a little or young toad,” illustrates this force. The sense we know has nothing to do with baby toadsbut rather with the practice of certain quacks or charlatans who claimed that they could cast out poison.Toads were thought to be poisonous,so these charlatans would have an attendant eat a toad or pretend to eat oneand then remove the poison from the attendant.Such an attendant is obviously a type of person who would do anything,and thustoadeater (first recorded 1629) was the perfect name for a flattering, fawning parasite. Toadeater and the verb derived from it, toadeat, influenced the sense of the noun and verb toad and the noun toady, so that both nouns could mean "sycophant"and the verbtoady could mean "to act like a toady to someone.” 拍马者并不是一个讨人喜欢的人，这个词的来源使做拍马者这种作法更加不令人喜欢。Toady 很显然是从 toad 这个词衍生而来。 后缀-y 可以有一种指小的效力， Toady 这个词最早有记载(1690年左右）的含义“一只小或幼年蟾蜍”（现已废弃）正说明了这种效力。 我们现在知道的含义与年幼的蟾蜍没有什么关系，而与某些宣称能够驱毒的冒牌医生或江湖郎中的某些做法有关。当时人们认为蟾蜍有毒，所以这些江湖朗中会叫一个手下人吃下一只蟾蜍或假装吃下一只蟾蜍，然后把毒物从他的手下人身体中驱除出去。很明显，这样一个帮手是一种什么事都会做的人，这样，用toadeater （最早记载于1629年）这个词来称呼奉承拍马的寄生者是再合适不过了。 Toadeater 和从它衍生而来的动词 toadeat 影响了作为名词或动词的 toad 和作为名词 toady 的含义， 于是二个名词都可以理解为“拍马者”的意思，而动词toady 有“在某人面前象一个拍马者一样行动”的意思 〔lagoon〕A shallow body of liquid waste material, as one in a dump.一洼废水：由废弃物质充斥的浅水体，如在垃圾堆中〔desolate〕Devoid of inhabitants; deserted:凄凉的：无人居住的；废弃的：〔building〕condemned buildings being razed.正被夷平的废弃大楼。〔elver〕fare [journey (obsolete)] fare[旅行（废弃的）] 〔forage〕soldiers foraging near an abandoned farm.士兵们到附近一个废弃的农场劫掠食物〔kidnap〕Kidnapper seems to have originated appropriately enough among those who perpetrate this crime. We know this becausekid and napper, the two parts of the compound, were slang of the sort that criminals might use. Kid, which some still find slangy, was considered low slang when kidnapper was formed, and napper is obsolete slang for a thief, coming from the verbnap, "to seize a person or thing, steal.” Nap is possibly a variant ofnab, which still has a slangy ring to it.In 1678, the year in which the word is first recorded,kidnappers plied their trade on behalf of plantations in colonies such as the ones in North America.The term later took on the broader sense that it has today.The verbkidnap is recorded later (1682) than the noun and so is possibly a back-formation,that is, people have assumed that a kidnapper kidnaps.Kidnapper 似乎恰好源于犯这种罪的人。 我们知道这个复合词的两个部分kid 和 napper 是这种罪犯们可能用的俚语。 Kidnapper 形成时 kid 被认为是低等的俚语，现在kid仍有俚语性质， napper 是指小偷的废弃的俚语， 从动词nap 而来， 指“抓住人或东西，偷。” Nap 可能是nab 的变体， 它也仍有俚语的性质。1678年这个词在英语中第一次记录时，绑架者为了如北美的殖民地种植园的利益进行了大量绑架。这个词后来又有象今天这么广的含义，动词kidnap 比名词记录要晚（1682年）， 所以可能是逆构词，也就是人们认为“绑架者”会绑架〔scrap〕To discard as worthless; junk.废弃：因为无用而丢掉；抛弃〔junk〕To throw away or discard as useless; scrap.扔掉，丢弃：当作废物抛弃，废弃；抛弃〔knacker〕A person who buys discarded structures and dismantles them to sell the materials.收买废弃的设备，拆散后出售其材料的人〔outmoded〕No longer usable or practical; obsolete:废弃的：不再有用或实用的；废弃的：〔desert〕Barren and uninhabited; desolate:荒凉的，不毛的：贫瘠而无人居住的；荒芜的，废弃的：〔nonjuror〕juror [one who takes an oath (obsolete)] juror[宣誓的人（废弃语）] 〔desolation〕The act or an instance of desolating.荒废，废弃：使荒芜的行为或事例〔desuetude〕A state of disuse or inactivity.废弃：闲置的状态〔wash〕Waste liquid; swill.废液：废弃的液体；馊水〔croupier〕French [one who rides behind another on a horse (obsolete), croupier] 法语 [骑马时在别人后面的人（废弃），赌台管理员] 〔manure〕Material, especially barnyard or stable dung, often with discarded animal bedding, used to fertilize soil.肥料：用于使土壤肥沃的材料，尤指谷场或马厩中的肥类，常含有废弃的动物垫草窝〔obsolesce〕To undergo the process of becoming obsolete.成为废弃之物：经历成为废物的过程〔slop〕Often slops Waste food used to feed pigs or other animals; swill. 常作 slops 残羹剩饭：用来喂猪或其它动物的废弃食物；泔水〔dereliction〕A state of abandonment or neglect.放弃，废弃：被放弃或忽视的状态〔salvage〕To save (discarded or damaged material) for further use.抢救（废弃的或毁坏的东西）以备将来之用〔doll〕The worddoll has come up in the world, at least if up means moving from the backstairs to the nursery. Doll andDolly were originally nicknames for Dorothy. Doll, along with other names likeJill and Nan, took on the generic sense of "a mistress,” so we have Shakespeare's Doll Tearsheet and Ben Jonson's Doll Common.This association probably caused the nameDorothy to go out of use temporarily, about the time near the beginning of the 18th century when we finddoll first recorded for a child's toy. Doll came to refer to larger beings again,however, for in the latter part of the 18th century it was once more applied to women,this time to pretty, empty-headed women. Doll has gone on to more general applications,and a man can be a doll as well.单词doll 的出现就象 up ，表示从后楼梯到育儿室一样。 Doll 或Dolly 起初都是 Dorothy的绰号。 Doll 与Jill 和 Nan 一样有一个通用的意思：“主妇”， 所以我们就有莎士比亚的Doll Tearsheet和班·琼生的Doll Common。这种联系可能使Dorothy 一词在18世纪初暂时废弃， 在18世纪初我们发现把doll 指作儿童玩具的首次记载。 Doll 又进而开始指较大范围的人类，然而，18世纪后期该词更多地用来指妇女，这次是指漂亮而无头脑的女人。 Doll 现在的应用更广了，男人也可以是doll了〔Quonset〕"wooden frame shacks, auto trailers, abandoned Air Force quonsets"(Washington Post)“木制小棚，汽车拖车，废弃的空军匡西特活动房屋”(华盛顿邮报)〔superannuate〕To set aside or discard as old-fashioned or obsolete.废弃：放到一边或抛弃过时物〔fossil〕One, such as a rigid theory, that is outdated or antiquated.过时的或废弃的事物，如僵化的理论〔burner〕An elaborate mural painted by a graffiti artist, usually on the wall of an abandoned building.涂鸦壁画：涂鸦画家绘制的精制壁画。通常在墙上或废弃的建筑物上〔atrophy〕To waste away; wither or deteriorate.萎缩，衰退：废弃；凋谢或退化〔revoke〕To void or annul by recalling, withdrawing, or reversing:撤消，撤回：通过取消、撤回或废弃而使无效或废止：〔fossil〕Belonging to the past; antiquated.过时的，陈旧的：属于过去的；废弃的〔atrophy〕A wasting away, deterioration, or diminution:衰退：废弃，退化或减少：〔obsolete〕Abbr. obs.No longer in use:缩写 obs.废弃的：不再使用的： |
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