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单词 引诱
释义 〔lead〕To guide the behavior or opinion of; induce:引导:引导的行为或意见;引诱〔charm〕To induce by using strong personal attractiveness:引诱:用个人强烈的魅力哄诱,劝诱:〔inducement〕The act or process of inducing:引诱,导致:引诱、导致的行为或过程:〔cozen〕To persuade or induce to do something by cajoling or wheedling.通过哄骗劝诱或引诱(他人)干某事〔coax〕To use persuasion or inducement.劝诱:采用说服或引诱〔call〕To lure (prey) by imitating the characteristic cry of an animal:模仿动物叫声以引诱(捕获):〔pass〕A pase.(斗牛士挥动红布或披肩引诱牛进攻时的)躲闪动作〔subdue〕of Old French suduire [to seduce] 古法语 suduire的变化 [诱惑,引诱] 〔deceive〕 Beguile suggests deceiving or misleading by means of pleasant or alluring methods: Beguile 含有通过友好的方法引诱、欺骗的意思: 〔invitation〕An allurement, enticement, or attraction.诱惑、引诱或吸引〔lead〕To keep in a state of expectation or hope; entice.诱惑,引诱:使处于一种期盼或希望的状态;诱惑〔wile〕To influence or lead by means of wiles; entice.引诱,诱骗:通过使用诡计来影响或怂恿;诱使〔shanghai〕To induce or compel (someone) to do something, especially by fraud or force:诱骗:引诱或迫使(某人)做某事,尤指通过欺诈或强迫:〔seduce〕To induce to engage in sex.诱奸:引诱与之发生性行为〔hooker〕In hisPersonal Memoirs Ulysses S. Grant described Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker as "a dangerous man . . . not subordinate to his superiors.” Hooker had his faults, of course.He may indeed have been insubordinate;undoubtedly he was an erratic leader.But there is one thing of which he is often accused that "Fighting Joe" Hooker certainly did not do:he did not give his name to prostitutes.According to a popular story,the men under Hooker's command during the Civil War were a particularly wild bunch.When his troops were on leave,we are told, they spent much of their time in brothels.For this reason, as the story goes,prostitutes came to be known ashookers. It is not difficult to understand how such a theory might have originated.The major general's name differs from the wordhooker only in the capital letter that begins it. And it is true that Hooker's men were at times ill-disciplined (although it seems that liquor, not women, was the main source of their difficulties with the provost marshal).However attractive this theory may be,it cannot be true.The wordhooker, with the sense "prostitute,” is in fact older than the Civil War. It appeared in the second edition (although not in the first) of John Russell Bartlett'sDictionary of Americanisms, published in 1859.Bartlett definedhooker as "a strumpet, a sailor's trull.” He also said that the word was derived from Corlear's Hook,a district in New York City,but this was only a guess.There is no evidence that the term originated in New York.Norman Ellsworth Eliason has traced this use ofhooker back to 1845 in North Carolina. He reported the usage inTarheel Talk; an Historical Study of the English Language in North Carolina to 1860, published in 1956. The fact that we have no earlier written evidence does not mean thathooker was never used to mean "prostitute" before 1845. The history ofhooker is, quite simply, murky; we do not know when or where it was first used,but we can be very certain that it did not begin with Joseph Hooker.Also, we have no firm evidence that it came from Corlear's Hook.Scholarly evidence or lack thereof notwithstanding,the late Bruce Catton, the Civil War historian, did not go so far as to exonerate completely the Union general.Although "the term ‘hooker’ did not originate during the Civil War,”wrote Catton, "it certainly became popular then.During these war years, Washington developed a large [red-light district] somewhere south of Constitution Avenue.This became known as Hooker's Division in tribute to the proclivities of General Joseph Hookerand the name has stuck ever since.”If the termhooker was derived neither from Joseph Hooker nor from Corlear's Hook, what is its derivation?It is most likely that thishooker is, etymologically, simply "one who hooks.” The term portrays a prostitute as a person who hooks, or snares, clients.尤利西斯·S·格兰特在他的个人回忆录 中把陆军少将约瑟夫·胡克描写成“一个危险人物…从不服从于他的顶头上司”。 胡克当然有他的缺点。他也许曾是一个难以屈服的人;但他无疑是一个怪癖的军官。但是“好战的乔”,胡克却因为一件他肯定没有干过的事情而屡遭指责;他从不对妓女透露他的姓名。根据一个流行故事,内战中胡克的手下有一伙特别狂野的人们。当他的队伍即将离开时,据说他们总在妓院里消磨时日。故事还说正因为如此,妓女开始被叫做hookers。 我们不难理解这样一个故事的起源的推测。这个将军的名字和hooker 只差开头的一个大写字母。 而且胡克的手下在当时确实纪律涣散(尽管看来是酒而非女人才导致了他们与宪兵司令之间的矛盾)。不管这个故事多么诱人,它不可能是真实的。事实上hooker 一词作为“妓女”的意思比内战的历史还要早。 它出现于约翰·罗素·巴特利特编纂的美国俗语词典 的第二版(尽管第一版中没有), 出版于1859年。巴特利特把hooker 定义为“一个妓女,水手的妓女”。 他还说这个词来源于科利尔的胡克,纽约市的一个地区,但这只是一个猜想。没有证据证明这一说法源于纽约。诺曼·爱尔斯华斯·艾利森把hooker 的用法追溯到1845年的北卡罗来纳州。 他在1956年出版的北卡罗来纳州闲话; 1860年前北卡罗来纳英语历史研究 中说明了这一用法。 缺乏早期书面证据这一事实并不意味着在1845年之前hooker 没有被用作“妓女”一义。 很简单,hooker 的历史隐晦难知; 我们不知道它在何时何地被首次使用,但我们可以肯定它并不始于约瑟夫·胡克。而且我们没有确凿证据证明它来源于科利尔的胡克。不管有无学术性的证据,已故的内战历史学家布鲁斯·卡通并没有做到为联邦将军彻底开脱的地步。尽管“‘hooker’这一词语并不是来源于内战,”卡通写道,“在那之后它肯定流行了起来。在战争年代,华盛顿在宪法大街南部某个地方发展了很大的[红灯区]。人们把这里称作胡克的辖区,作为对约瑟夫·胡克将军怪癖的献礼,这个名字从此便生根发芽”。如果hooker 这一词语既不是源于约瑟夫·胡克也不来自于科利尔的胡克, 那么它的词源究竟是什么呢?从词源学上来说hooker 很有可能仅仅是“引…上钩的人”。 这一词语把妓女描绘成一个勾引或引诱客人的人〔homespun〕"Most small towns would have gladly forfeited some of their homespun values if it meant luring a firm there"(William Mueller)“大多数小城镇都会乐意牺牲一些他们朴实的价值观,如果这意味着可以把公司引诱到当地来”(威廉·米勒)〔inveigle〕To win over by coaxing, flattery, or artful talk.See Synonyms at lure 引诱:通过劝诱、讨好或欺诈的发言赢得 参见 lure〔canoodle〕"his matchless ability to charm, bamboozle, or canoodle most of his political associates"(Timothy Garton Ash)“他盖世无双地引诱、唬弄或诱骗大多数政治同行们的本领”(提摩太·加顿·阿什)〔premium〕Latin praemium [inducement, reward] 拉丁语 praemium [引诱,奖励] 〔bait〕To entice, especially by trickery or strategy.引诱引诱,尤指用圈套或计谋〔beckon〕To attract because of an inviting or enticing appearance:引诱,招引:因引人注目的或迷人的外观而吸引:〔vamp〕To seduce or exploit (someone) in the manner of a vamp.利用色相引诱并勒索某人〔tempt〕To try to get (someone) to do wrong, especially by a promise of reward.怂恿:引诱、诱惑试图让(某人)做错事,尤指通过给予报答的许诺来引诱〔call〕A sound or an instrument made to imitate such a cry, used as a lure:模拟叫声:一种声音或使用某乐器模拟的此种叫声,用于引诱〔abet〕from Old French abeter [to entice] 源自 古法语 abeter [引诱] 〔seductive〕Tending to seduce:诱惑的:有引诱趋向的:〔temptation〕The act of tempting or the condition of being tempted.引诱引诱的行为或被引诱的状态〔wrecker〕One who lures a vessel to destruction, as by a display of lights on a rocky coastline, in order to plunder it.毁船打劫者:引诱船只失事的人,如通过在多岩石的海岸线上打信号灯,以掠夺其财物〔hook〕A means of attracting interest or attention; an enticement:诱惑物:吸引人们兴趣或注意力的方式;引诱手段:〔Atalanta〕A maiden hunter who agreed to marry any man who could defeat her in a footrace. She was outrun by Hippomenes, who won by dropping along the course three golden apples, which she paused to pick up.阿塔兰忒:一名女猎手,她答应嫁给任何在竞走中能战胜她的男人。她被希波墨涅斯超过,他在竞走时扔了三只金苹果引诱阿塔兰忒停下来去捡而取胜〔Svengali〕"a crafty Svengali who lures talented people with grand promises yet gives them little lasting operational authority"(Chris Welles)“一个以堂皇的诺言引诱有才能的人,却给予他们极少实际权力的精明的斯文加利式人物”(克里斯·韦尔斯)〔suborn〕To induce (a person) to commit an unlawful or evil act.教唆:引诱(某人)犯法或做坏事〔subdue〕from Latin subdūcere [to withdraw] probably influenced by Latin sēdūcere [to seduce] * see seduce 源自 拉丁语 subdūcere [退回,缩回] 可能受 拉丁语 sēdūcere的影响 [引诱,诱惑] * 参见 seduce
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