| 单词 | 弗兰克 |
| 释义 | 〔Roosevelt〕American diplomat, writer, and First Lady of the United States (1933-1945) as the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. A delegate to the United Nations (1945-1952 and 1961-1962), she was an outspoken advocate of human rights. Her written works includeThis I Remember (1949). 罗斯福，（安娜）埃莉诺：(1884-1962) 美国外交家、作家和美国第一夫人(1933-1945年），总统弗兰克林·D·罗斯福之妻。作为联合国的一名代表(1945-1952和1961-1962年），她积极提倡人权主义。其作品包括《这我忘不了》 （1949年） 〔Harris〕Irish-born American writer known for his autobiographyMy Life and Loves (three volumes, 1923-1927). 哈里斯，弗兰克：(1856-1931) 出生于爱尔兰的美国作家，以他的自传《我的生活和爱情》 （3卷本，1923-1927年）而闻名 〔Libby〕American chemist. He won a 1960 Nobel Prize for developing the method of radiocarbon dating.利比，威拉德·弗兰克：(1908-1980) 美国化学家，因研制出放射性碳测年代技术而获得1960年诺贝尔奖〔risk〕"the usual risks of the desert: rattlesnakes, the heat, and lack of water"(Frank Clancy)“沙漠中常见的危险有：响尾蛇，酷热及缺水”(弗兰克·克兰西)〔ax〕To understand the origin of the idiomax to grind, we need to know thatgrind means "to sharpen.” This phrase is said to have come from a story by the 19th-century journalist Charles Miner (alias Poor Robert) about a seemingly friendly manwho was able by flattery to persuade a young boy to turn a grindstone for him.The tale first appeared in the Luzerne, Pennsylvania,Federalist on September 7, 1810, under the title "Who'll Turn Grindstones?” and later in an 1815 book entitledEssays from the Desk of Poor Robert the Scribe. Because "Poor Robert" was confused with "Poor Richard,”the story has often been erroneously attributed to Benjamin Franklin.The idiom itself is an Americanism—a word or expression originating in the United States.It was at first restricted to political contexts,but quotations from James Joyce ("Skin-the-Goat . . . evidently with an axe to grind, was airing his grievances")and George Bernard Shaw ("distinguished statesmen of different nations . . . each with a national axe to grind") attest that the phrase has traveled abroad and,as we know only too well, is no longer found only in political contexts.为了理解成语ax to grind 的出处， 我们需要知道grind 意思是“磨尖”。 这个短语据说出自19世纪旅行家查尔斯·麦纳（别名穷罗伯特）所写的关于一个似乎很友善的人的故事，他能够奉承地劝说一名男孩为他翻过一块磨光石。这个传说第一次出现在1810年9月7日宾夕法尼亚州的卢泽恩，在1810年9月7日题为“谁将推翻磨石”的联邦制拥护者 中提到， 之后1815年又在名为作家穷·罗伯特文集 一书中提到。 因为"poor Robert和"poor Richard"易被弄混淆，这个故事经常被错误地认为是本杰明·弗兰克林创作的。这个成语本身是美国式的词或表达源于美国。一开始被限于在政治性言词的情况中使用，但是从以下的引文表明这个短语已广泛地传播，一个是引于詹姆斯·琼斯（“这个显然别有企图的披着人皮的狼，正在诉苦”），另一个引自乔治·萧伯纳（“辨认出不同国家的人…每个国家都有自己国家的打算”），正如我们所熟知的，它不会只在政治性言论的上下文间才可以找到的〔Burns〕Austrian-born American economist and influential adviser to several presidential administrations.伯恩斯，阿瑟·弗兰克：(生于 1904) 奥地利裔美国经济学家和几任总统内阁的有影响力的顾问〔imitate〕"Art imitates Nature" (Richard Franck).Tocopy is to duplicate an original as precisely as possible: “艺术模仿自然” （理查德·弗兰克）。copy 是尽可能精确地复制原作： 〔Frank〕Russian physicist. He shared a 1958 Nobel Prize for work leading to the development of a cosmic-ray counter.弗兰克，伊里亚·米哈伊洛维奇：(生于 1908) 俄国物理学家。因为他的工作使宇宙射线计算器得以发展所以获得1958年诺贝尔奖〔sarcastic〕"The caustic jokes . . . deal with such diverse matters as political assassination, talk-show hosts, medical ethics" (Frank Rich).“这些尖刻的笑话…能够应付象政治谋杀、现场采访、医学道德等各种不同的情形” （弗兰克·里奇）。〔belligerent〕"On the days they worked they were good-natured and cheerful, and . . . they spent the evening jollily; but on our idle days they were mutinous and quarrelsome" (Benjamin Franklin).“工作的日子他们脾气又好，又愉快，并且…快乐地度过夜晚；但当闲暇时，他们捣乱造反，喜好争吵” （本杰明·弗兰克林）〔Capra〕American filmmaker who won an Academy Award for his direction ofIt Happened One Night (1934), Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), and You Can't Take It with You (1938). 卡普拉，弗兰克：(1897-1991) 美国电影制片人，因其导演了《淑女一日》 （1934年）， 《迪兹先生进城》 （1936年）和 《你不能带着它》 （1938年）而获得奥斯卡金像奖 〔plastic〕"the astonishing plastic beauty of the chorus girls"(Frank Harris)“体态美好的合唱队女孩”(弗兰克·哈里斯)〔surface〕"a flamboyant, powerful confidence man who lives entirely on the surface of experience"(Frank Conroy)“完全生活在经验表面的一个浮夸、有权力的自信的男人”(弗兰克·康罗伊)〔ridicule〕"My father discouraged me by ridiculing my performances" (Benjamin Franklin).Tomock is to poke fun at someone, often by mimicking and caricaturing his or her speech or actions: “我的父亲贬损嘲笑我的表演而使我灰心丧气” （本杰明·弗兰克林）。Mock 指开某人的玩笑， 经常通过模仿或滑稽地讽刺他的或她的讲话或动作： 〔Normandy〕A historical region and former province of northwest France on the English Channel. Part of ancient Gaul, the region was successively conquered by the Romans, Franks, and Norse; passed to England after the Norman Conquest (1066) and during the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453); and was restored to France in 1450. Its beaches were the focal point of Allied landings on D-day (June 6, 1944) in World War II.诺曼底：英吉利海峡的历史地区，以前为法国西北一个省。古代高卢的一部分，这一地区相继被罗马人，弗兰克人和诺斯人征服，诺曼人征服(1066年）后和英法百年战争期间(1337-1453年）归属英格兰，于1450年归还法国。二战中联军登陆(1944年6月6日）地点即为诺曼底海滩〔ambiguous〕"The theatrical status of her frequently derided but constantly revived plays remained ambiguous"(Frank Rich)“她那屡次被嘲弄而又不断重演的戏剧，在戏剧界中的地位尚难以确定”(弗兰克·里奇)〔Sprague〕American engineer and inventor. He developed the first electric trolley system (1887) and made advances in electric elevator design.斯普雷格，弗兰克·朱利安：(1857-1934) 美国工程师和发明家。他发展了第一部电力机车系统(1887年），并在电梯设计上作了改进〔beckon〕"a lovely, sunny country that seemed to beckon them on to the Emerald City"(L. Frank Baum)“一个可爱的、充满阳光的国家似乎在把他们招引到了绿宝石城”(L.弗兰克·鲍姆)〔Burgess〕American writer and illustrator whose works includeAre You a Bromide? (1907) and Look Eleven Years Younger (1937). He also wrote the famous quatrain beginning "Have you ever seen a purple cow?” 伯吉斯，（弗兰克）吉利特：(1866-1951) 美国作家和插图画家，作品有《你是一个平凡人吗?》 （1907年）和 《照看十一岁的年轻人》 （1937年）。他还写了以“你曾经见过一只紫色的奶牛吗?”开头的著名的四行诗 〔Patten〕American writer who created the hero Frank Merriwell and wrote numerous children's adventure stories.帕藤，吉尔伯特：(1866-1945) 美国作家，他创造了英雄人物弗兰克·梅里威尔的形象，写了许多儿童历险故事〔melodramatic〕"a melodramatic account of two perilous days spent among the planters"(Frank O. Gatell)“对在殖民者中间度过的两天的充满危险的戏剧性的描述”(弗兰克O.盖特尔)〔Welles〕American diplomat in Latin America. He helped formulate President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy (1933).韦尔斯，萨姆纳：(1892-1961) 美国拉丁美洲问题外交家。他帮助制定了弗兰克林·D·罗斯福的睦邻政策(1933年）〔Loesser〕American composer of film scores and Broadway musicals, includingWhere's Charley? (1948) and Guys and Dolls (1950). 勒瑟，弗兰克·亨利：(1910-1969) 美国电影配乐作曲家和百老汇音乐片作曲家。作品有《查理在哪？》 （1948年）和 《少男少女》 （1950年） 〔protest〕"He continually protested his profound respect"(Frank Norris)“他再三地声明他所怀有的深深的敬意”(弗兰克·诺里斯)〔Wright〕American architect whose distinctive style, based on natural forms, had a great influence on the modern movement in architecture. His designs include private homes, the Johnson Wax Company Building in Racine, Wisconsin (1939), and the Guggenheim Museum in New York City (1943-1959).莱特，弗兰克·劳埃德：(1869-1959) 美国建筑师，他基于自然形式的特殊建筑风格极大地影响了现代建筑业。他的设计包括私人住宅，在威斯康星州的拉辛市的约翰逊制腊公司办公大楼(1939年），和纽约的古根海姆博物馆(1943-1959年）〔Oz〕After the fantasy land Oz created by L. Frank Baum in The Wonderful World of Oz and other novels 源自奇妙之地 Oz ，弗兰克·巴姆所创作的 绿野仙踪 和其它小说 〔energize〕"His childhood—father in . . . prison, factory work as a boy—both haunted and energized him, and he wrote on a grand scale and worked his way free"(Frank Conroy)“他的童年——父亲入狱，在工厂做童工——时常索绕在他心头，并使他奋发向上且活力充沛，他大量地写作，并一帆风顺地半工半读的完成了他的学业”(弗兰克·康罗伊)〔Woolworth〕American merchant. Starting in 1879, he built a successful national chain of five-and-tens.伍尔沃斯，弗兰克·温菲尔德：(1852-1919) 美国商人，从1879年开始，他成功地建立了全国五分和十分钱连锁店〔munchkin〕After the Munchkins , characters in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum 源自 Munchkins ， 绿野仙踪 中的人物，由L·弗兰克·鲍姆所著 〔slender〕"She was slender as a willow shoot is slender—and equally graceful, equally erect"(Frank Norris)“她象柳枝一样的苗条——一样的优美，一样的挺拔”(弗兰克·诺里斯)〔Doubleday〕American publisher who founded Doubleday and McClure Company (1897).道布尔戴，弗兰克·纳尔逊：(1862-1934) 美国出版家，创建了道布尔戴和麦克卢尔公司(1897年）〔cabal〕"Espionage is quite precisely it—a cabal of powerful men, working secretly"(Frank Conroy)“间谍活动确切地说——是一个由能力强的人组成的阴谋集团，从事秘密的活动”(弗兰克·康罗伊)〔Duryea〕American inventor and automobile manufacturer. With his brotherJames Frank Duryea (1869-1967) he built one of the first American automobiles (1893). 杜里埃，查尔斯·埃德加：(1861-1938) 美国发明家与汽车制造商，他与弟弟吉姆斯·弗兰克·杜里埃 (1869-1967年）制造了美国最早的汽车之一 〔Frankfurter〕Austrian-born American jurist. A founder of the American Civil Liberties Union, he served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1939-1962).弗兰克福特，费利克斯：(1882-1965) 奥地利裔美国法官。美国国内自由联盟的创建者。在美国高级法院任陪审法官(1939-1962年）〔Frank〕German Jewish diarist who fled from Nazi Germany to Amsterdam with her family (1933) and kept a diary during her years in hiding (1942-1944). She and her family were captured (August 1944) and sent to concentration camps. Anne died of typhus in the camp at Belsen. Her diary was published in 1947.弗兰克，安妮：(1929-1945) 德国犹太人，日记作者，随其家人(1933年）从纳粹德国飞往阿姆斯特丹，那段岁月里她一直藏着她的日记(1942-1944年）。她及家人被捕(1944年8月）并被送往集中营。安妮在贝尔森的集中营里死于斑疹伤寒。她的日记在1947年被出版〔Powell〕British physicist. He won a 1950 Nobel Prize for discovering methods of photographing atomic nuclei and for his study of mesons.鲍威尔，塞西尔·弗兰克：(1903-1969) 英国物理学家。他因发现了原子核摄影术及对介子的研究而获1750年诺贝尔奖〔Franck〕French organist and composer who exerted great influence as a teacher. His most acclaimed work is his Symphony in D minor (1889).弗兰克，塞萨尔·奥古斯特：(1822-1890) 法国风琴手和作曲家。作为老师发挥了很大影响。其最得意之作是《D小调交响曲》(1889年）〔Tennessee〕A state of the southeast United States. It was admitted as the 16th state in 1796. First visited by the Spanish in 1540, the region was explored by Daniel Boone in 1769 and became part of the United States in 1783. The short-lived state of Franklin (1784-1788) formed the basis for the Territory of the United States South of the River Ohio (1790) and the later state of Tennessee. Nashville is the capital and Memphis the largest city. Population, 4,896,641.田纳西州：美国东南部的一个州。1796年其被接纳为第十六个州。西班牙人于1540年首先到达这一地区，1769年坦尼尔·勃思探索了这一地区，1783年其成为美国的一部分。只存在了很短时间的弗兰克林州(1784－1788年）成为美国俄亥俄河南部地区(1790年）和后来的田纳西州的基础。纳什韦尔为其首府，孟斐斯为最大城市。人口4,896,641〔neutralize〕"The [15th] Amendment nullifies sophisticated as well as simple-minded modes of discrimination" (Felix Frankfurter).“［第15号］ 修正案削弱了复杂而又简单的歧视情绪” （菲利克斯·弗兰克弗特）。〔Dobie〕American historian best known for his works on the history and folklore of the Southwest, includingThe Longhorns (1941). 多比，詹姆斯·弗兰克：(1888-1964) 美国以西南部历史及民俗的著作著称的历史学家，著作有《长角牛》 （1941年） |
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