| 单词 | 弗吉尼亚州 |
| 释义 | 〔Kingsport〕A city of northeast Tennessee near the Virginia border east-northeast of Knoxville. Its industries include printing and bookbinding. Population, 36,365.金斯波特：美国田纳西州东北部一城市，靠近弗吉尼亚州边界诺克斯维尔东北偏东。其工业包括印刷业和装订业。人口36,365〔Roanoke〕An independent city of southwest Virginia west-southwest of Richmond. It grew with the coming of the railroad in 1882 and is today a tourist and industrial center. Population, 96,397.罗厄诺克：美国弗吉尼亚州西南部一自治城市，位于里士满西南偏西。该市随着1882年铁路的出现而逐渐壮大，如今为一旅游和工业中心。人口96,397〔Harrison〕American Revolutionary leader who served as a member of the Continental Congress (1774-1778) and was also governor of Virginia (1782-1784).哈里森，本杰明：(1726-1791) 美国革命领袖，曾任美国大陆会议（1774-1778年）成员及弗吉尼亚州领导人(1782-1784年）〔Winchester〕An independent city of northern Virginia west-northwest of Washington, D.C. Settled c. 1744, it was an important military base during the French and Indian War and the Civil War, in which it changed hands a number of times. George Washington began his career as a surveyor here in 1748. Population, 21,947.温切斯特市：美国弗吉尼亚州北部的一独立城市，位于华盛顿市西北偏西部。1744年开始有人移民在此，在法印战争和美国内战中是一个重要的军事基地，曾几易其主。1748年乔治·华盛顿在这里开始他的检查官生涯。人口21,947〔Martinsville〕An independent city of southern Virginia in the foothills of the Blue Ridge near the North Carolina border. It was founded in 1793. Population, 16,162.马丁斯维尔：美国弗吉尼亚州南部的独立城市，位于蓝岭的山麓，临近弗吉尼亚州与北卡罗来纳州的边界。建立于1793年。人口16,162〔lightwood〕There are a number of regional equivalents for small pieces of easily ignited wood used to start a fire,what Standard English callskindling. Lightwood, derived from the verbto light (a fire), probably originated in Virginia, according to Craig M. Carver inAmerican Regional Dialects, and is now used throughout the South Midland.Fat pine, fatwood, and rich pine all refer to the resinous pine native to the Gulf States. The resin makes even a small sliver of the wood easily kindled.有很多种对于用来引火的小片易燃木材的地方称呼，用标准的英语称为kindling。 Lightwood 是从动词点（火） 衍生来的， 根据克雷格·M·卡弗尔的美国各地方言 一书，它可能出自弗吉尼亚州， 但现在广泛用于中南部内陆。Fat pine， fatwood 和 rich pine 都是指墨西哥湾沿岸各洲土生的树脂松树。 由于有树脂，即使一小块木片也很容易点燃〔Hampton〕An independent city of southeast Virginia opposite Norfolk onHampton Roads, the outlet of three rivers into Chesapeake Bay. Settled by colonists from Jamestown in 1610, the city was sacked by the British in the War of 1812 and was almost burned to the ground by Confederates in 1861 to prevent its occupation by Union troops. Population, 133,793. 汉普顿：美国弗吉尼亚州东南部的一个独立城市，隔汉普顿大道 与诺福克相望，在那儿有三条河相汇并注入切萨皮克湾。该市于1610 年为詹姆斯敦的殖民者所建，在1812年战争中被英军洗劫，并在1861年几乎被南方联邦军队烧为平地，以免落入北方军队之手。人口133,793 〔Berkeley〕English colonial governor of Virginia (1641-1649 and 1660-1677) whose policies led to Bacon's Rebellion (1676).贝克莱，威廉：(1606-1677) 美国弗吉尼亚州1641-1649年和1660-1677年间的英国殖民总督，其政策导致培根反叛事件（1676年）〔poke〕[of Virginia Algonquian origin] ; akin to Akin to puccoon [源于弗吉尼亚州的阿尔贡金语] ；类似于 类似于 puccoon 〔Eden〕A city of northern North Carolina near the Virginia border north of Greensboro. It is a processing and shipping center in an agricultural area. Population, 15,238.伊登：美国北卡罗来纳州北部一城市，位于格林波罗北部，与弗吉尼亚州接近。它是农业区中的加工中心与船运中心。人口15,238〔Henry〕American Revolutionary leader and orator. A member of the House of Burgesses (1765) and the Continental Congress (1774-1776), he spurred the creation of the Virginia militia with his words "Give me liberty, or give me death" (1775). He also served as governor of Virginia (1776-1790).亨利，帕特里克：(1736-1799) 美国革命领袖，演讲家。曾为弗吉尼亚议会议员(1765年）及大陆会议议员(1774-1776年）。他的宣言“不自由毋宁死”(1775年）推动了弗吉亚民兵的创立。他曾任弗吉尼亚州州长(1776-1790年）〔Powhatan〕A confederacy of Native American peoples of eastern Virginia in the 16th and 17th centuries, with present-day descendants in the same area.波瓦坦联盟：16世纪及17世纪美国弗吉尼亚州东部的美洲印第安人部落联盟，其后代如今仍居住在同一地区〔Mason〕American Revolutionary politician from Virginia. A member of the Constitutional Convention (1787), he voiced criticism that resulted in the drafting of the Bill of Rights. His grandsonJames Murray Mason (1798-1871) was a Confederate diplomat to Great Britain and France. 梅森，乔治：(1725-1792) 来自弗吉尼亚州的美国革命政治家。作为立宪会议(1787年）的成员，他提出的批评使权利法案得以起草。他的孙子詹姆斯·莫瑞·梅森 (1798-1871年）是邦联派往大不列颠和法国的外交官 〔Manassas〕An independent city of northeast Virginia west of Alexandria. The Civil War Battles of Bull Run (called the Battles of Manassas by the Confederates) were fought nearby in July 1861 and August 1862. Population, 27,957.马纳萨斯：美国弗吉尼亚州东北部一座独立城市，位于亚历山德里拉的西面。1861年7月和1862年8月，此城附近发生了美国内战中的布尔朗战役（南方诸邦称为马纳萨斯战役）。人口27,957〔Yorktown〕A village of southeast Virginia on the York River north of Newport News. It was the site of Cornwallis's surrender of the British forces (1781) in the American Revolution. During the Civil War Union troops occupied the town after a siege lasting from April to May 1862.约克镇：美国弗吉尼亚州东南一村庄，位于约克河河畔、纽波特斯北部。是独立战争期间英军康华利斯投降(1781年）所在地，美国内战期间，历经1862年四至五月的围城之后，联邦军队占领了约克镇〔Bristol〕Two cities on the Tennessee-Virginia line east-northeast of Kingsport, Tennessee. The communities, though politically independent, are an economic unit and share a main thoroughfare along the state boundary. Population, 23,421 (Tennessee) and 18,426 (Virginia).布里斯托尔：美国田纳西州和弗吉尼亚州边境上，田纳西州的金斯波特东北偏东的两座城市。尽管政治上独立，两个社区在经济上是统一体，沿州界共用一条主街。人口23,421（田纳西）和18,426（弗吉尼亚）〔Langston〕American diplomat, politician, and educator who served as U.S. minister to Haiti and chargé d'affaires to Santo Domingo (1877-1885) and later as a U.S. representative from Virginia (1890-1891).兰顿，约翰·默塞尔：(1829-1897) 美国外交家、政治家和教育家，曾任美国驻海地公使并于1877年到1885年间管理对多明哥的外交事务，后来又1890年到1891年间任来自弗吉尼亚州的美国众议员〔delegate〕A member of a House of Delegates, the lower house of the Maryland, Virginia, or West Virginia legislature.州议院议员：马里兰州、弗吉尼亚州和西弗吉尼亚州三州国会议员中的众议院议员〔Turner〕American slave leader who organized about 70 followers and led a rebellion in Virginia, during which approximately 50 whites were killed (1831). He was subsequently captured and executed.特纳，纳：(1800-1831) 美国黑奴领袖，曾组织了约70名追随者，领导了在弗吉尼亚州的起义，在这次起义中大约50人被杀(1831年）。他随后被捕并被处决〔Monticello〕An estate of central Virginia southeast of Charlottesville. Designed by Thomas Jefferson, it was begun in 1770 and was his home for 56 years. Owned by other families from shortly after Jefferson's death until 1923, it is now a national shrine.蒙蒂塞洛：美国弗吉尼亚州中部夏洛茨维尔东南一个住宅区，由托马斯·杰斐逊设计，从1770年开始作为他的宅邸达56年之久。直到1923年杰斐逊去逝不久才为其他家族所有，现为国家圣地〔Norfolk〕An independent city of southeast Virginia on Hampton Roads southeast of Richmond. Founded in 1682 and today the largest city of Virginia, it has been a major naval base since the American Revolution. Population, 261,229.诺福克：美国里士满东南汉普顿公路上弗吉尼亚州东南的独立城市。建于1682年，现为弗吉尼亚最大的城市，自从美国革命之后成为主要的海军基地。人口261,229〔Henry〕A promontory of southeast Virginia at the entrance to Chesapeake Bay east of Norfolk.亨利角：美国弗吉尼亚州东南部的岬角，位于诺福克以东的切萨皮克湾入口处〔Chancellorsville〕A former town of northeast Virginia west of Fredericksburg. It was the site of a major Civil War battle (May 2-4, 1863) in which the Confederates under Robert E. Lee defeated the Union forces commanded by Joseph Hooker. Stonewall Jackson was mortally wounded in the battle.钱瑟勒斯维尔：弗吉尼亚州东北部的一个旧城镇，位于弗雷德里克斯堡以西。 内战时的一次重大战役在此展开（1863年5月2-4日）。罗伯特·李率领的南部盟军击败了约瑟夫·胡克指挥的联邦军队。斯通沃尔·杰克逊在战斗中受了致命伤〔Richmond〕The capital of Virginia, in the east-central part of the state on the James River north of Petersburg. Settled in the 17th century, it became the capital of Virginia in 1779 and was strategically important in the American Revolution and the Civil War, during which it was the capital of the Confederacy. The evacuation of Richmond by Confederate troops on April 3, 1865, led to Gen. Robert E. Lee's surrender to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant on April 9. Population, 203,056.里士满：弗吉尼亚州首府，位于该州的中东部，彼得斯堡以北的詹姆斯河畔。建于17世纪，1779年成为弗吉尼亚首府，在美国革命及国内战争中具有战略重要性，内战中它是南方联邦的首都。1865年4月3日南联邦军队从里士满的撤退导致了4月9日罗伯特E·李将军向尤利塞斯S·格兰特将军的投降。人口203,056〔Portsmouth〕A city of southeast Virginia opposite Norfolk. It has been a major naval base since pre-Revolutionary times. Population, 103,907.朴次茅斯：美国弗吉尼亚州东南部一城市，与诺福克相望，自从美国革命开始时就是主要的海军基地。人口103,907〔Appomattox〕A town of south-central Virginia east of Lynchburg. Confederate general Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union general Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865, ending the Civil War. The site is now a national historical park. Population, 1,345.阿波马托克斯：美国弗吉尼亚州中南部一城镇，位于林奇伯格东部。1865年4月9日南部联邦将军罗伯特·E·李在阿波马托克斯县城向联邦军尤利西斯·S·格兰特将军投降，美国南北战争就此结束。该址现为国家历史公园。人口1,345〔Staunton〕An independent city of north-central Virginia west-northwest of Charlottesville. The birthplace of Woodrow Wilson, it is a trade and processing center. Population, 24,461.斯丹顿：美国弗吉尼亚州中北部一独立城市，位于夏洛茨维尔西北偏西，是伍德罗·威尔逊的出生地。它是一个贸易和加工业中心。人口24,461〔Lakeside〕A community of east-central Virginia, a suburb of Richmond. Population, 29,400.莱克赛德：美国弗吉尼亚州中东部的一个社区，是里士满的一个郊区。人口29,400〔Charlottesville〕An independent city of central Virginia northwest of Richmond. It is the seat of the University of Virginia (founded 1819). Thomas Jefferson's estate, Monticello, is nearby. Population, 40,341.夏洛茨维尔：美国弗吉尼亚州中部一自治城市，位于里士满西北，是弗吉尼亚大学的所在地（建于1819年），附近有托玛斯·杰斐逊的种植园，蒙蒂塞罗。人口40,341〔Holston〕A river, about 225 km (140 mi) long, rising in two forks in western Virginia and northeast Tennessee and flowing southwest to join the French Broad River and form the Tennessee River at Knoxville.霍尔斯顿河：一条流程约225公里(140英里）的河流，有两条分别源于美国弗吉尼亚州西部和田纳西州东北部的支流，向西南与法属布罗德河交汇并在诺克斯维形成田纳西河〔Jamestown〕A former village of southeast Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in America. It was founded in May 1607 and named for the reigning monarch, James I. The "Starving Time" of 1609 to 1610 nearly wiped out the colony, and only the timely arrival of Baron De La Warr with supplies convinced the survivors to remain. Jamestown became the capital of Virginia after 1619 but was almost entirely destroyed during Bacon's Rebellion (1676) and further declined after the removal of the capital to Williamsburg (1698-1700).詹姆斯敦：美国弗吉尼亚州东南部的原村落，第一个英国人在美国的固定居住点。建立于1607年5月，被指定为属詹姆士一世的君主统治。1609年到1610年的“饥饿时代”几乎将这个殖民地抹去，但巴龙·德·拉·沃带着补给的及时到来给幸存者带来了信心。1619年后詹姆士镇成为了弗吉尼亚州的首府，但是在1676年的巴尔干叛乱中它几乎被毁，随后在首府迁往威廉斯堡后日渐衰落〔Glass〕American politician who as U.S. representative from Virginia (1902-1919), secretary of the treasury (1918-1920), and U.S. senator (1920-1946) was instrumental in the founding and administration of the Federal Reserve System.格拉斯，卡特：(1858-1946) 美国政治家，历任美国弗吉尼亚州代表（1902-1919年）、财政大臣（1918-1920年），和美国参议员（1920-1946年），在联邦储备系统建立和管理方面起过一定作用〔Lynchburg〕An independent city of southwest-central Virginia east-northeast of Roanoke. Located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge, it is an educational center. Population, 66,049.林奇伯格：美国弗吉尼亚州中西南部一个独立城市，位于罗厄诺克的东北偏东。座落在蓝山脚下，是一个教育中心。人口66,049〔burgess〕A member of the lower house of the legislature of colonial Virginia or Maryland.殖民地弗吉尼亚州或马里兰州的立法机关下议院议员〔McLean〕A community of northern Virginia, a residential suburb in the Washington, D.C., area. Population, 22,000.麦克林：美国弗吉尼亚州北部社区，为首府华盛顿的一个居住郊区。人口22,000〔Hopewell〕An independent city of southeast Virginia south-southeast of Richmond. It was founded in 1913 as a munitions center. Population, 23,101.霍普韦尔：弗吉尼亚州东南部的独立市，位于里士满东南偏南。建于1913年，当时作为军火中心。人口23,101〔Salem〕An independent city of southwest Virginia, an industrial and residential suburb of Roanoke. Population, 23,756.塞勒姆：美国弗吉尼亚州西南部一自治市，为罗厄诺克市郊工业区和住宅区。人口23,756〔Raleigh〕English courtier, navigator, colonizer, and writer. A favorite of Elizabeth I, he campaigned in Ireland and Cádiz, explored Guiana, colonized Virginia, and introduced tobacco and the potato to Europe. Convicted of treason by James I, he was released for another expedition to Guiana and executed after its failure. His literary works include poetry, memoirs, and a world history.罗利，沃尔特：(1552?-1618) 英国大臣，航海家，殖民者，作家。他是伊丽莎白一世的宠臣，曾在爱尔兰和卡迪兹活动，考察了圭亚那，在弗吉尼亚州移民，把烟草和马铃薯传入欧洲。詹姆斯一世时被判为叛国罪，获释后又到圭亚那进行了一次远征，远征失败而被处死。他的文学著作包括诗歌、回忆录和世界历史〔Fredericksburg〕An independent city of northeast Virginia north of Richmond. In the Battle of Fredericksburg (December 1862) Ambrose Burnside's Union forces were defeated by Robert E. Lee's smaller Confederate army in one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War. Population, 19,027.弗雷德里克斯堡：美国弗吉尼亚州东北部一独立城市，在里士满以北。弗雷德里克斯堡战役中(1862年12月）安布罗斯·伯恩赛德率领的联邦军被数量上占劣势的罗伯特·艾·李率领的邦联军战败，这次战役是内战中最为血腥残酷的战役之一。人口19,027〔Harrisonburg〕An independent city of north-central Virginia northwest of Charlottesville. It is a processing center in an agricultural region. Population, 30,707.哈里森堡：美国弗吉尼亚州中北部一独立城市，位于夏洛特斯威尔西北。是一个农业区的加工中心。人口30,707 |
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