| 单词 | 当今 |
| 释义 | 〔hall〕Thehalls of academe and city hall remind us that what we commonly mean by the wordhall, "a passageway, an entrance room,” represents a shrunken version of whathall once commonly designated. Going back to the Indo-European rootkel- 1, "to cover,” the Old English wordheall, ancestor of our hall, referred to "a large place covered by a roof, whether a royal residence, an official building, or a large private residence, or a large room in a residencewhere the public life of the household is carried on.”These senses and related ones are still in use,as is attested bytown hall and halls of academe. Our common use of the termhall for a vestibule or a corridor harks back to medieval times when the hall was the main public room of a residenceand people lived much less privately than now.As private rooms in houses took on the importance they have today,the hall lost its function.Hall also had come to mean any large room, and the vestibule was at one time one of the main sitting rooms in a house,but this sort of room has largely disappeared also,andhall has become the designation for the small vestibule of today as well as for an entrance passage or any passageway.halls of academe 以及 city hall 提醒我们注意： 我们通常把hall 这个词定义为“走廊，门厅”， 反映出hall 这词当初设定时的通常含义的种种痕迹。 追溯到该词的印欧语词根kel- 1， 意思是“去覆盖”， 我们hall 这个词的来源是古英语中 heall 这个词， 它指的是“一个有屋顶覆盖的大地方或者属于皇室住宅、政府建筑或是一座大的私人府第或者是一所住宅中的大房子，主人在其中进行社交活动”。这些概念或与之相关的意思直到今天还有，比如说town hall 和 halls of academe 。 我们现在一般所用的，把hall 当作门厅或走廊的用法可以追溯到中世纪， 那时大厅是居住者的最主要的起居室，人们生活还没有今天这么隐私化，于今日个人房间在生活中占主要地位，大厅失去了它当年的功用。Hall 还曾意味着大房间， 而门厅在过去一段时间内曾是房屋中主要的一处起居室，但这样的房子大部分也都消失了，而hall 的意思已经变成指那些当今小的走廊， 或者是进出口处的走廊，或者是随便哪个走廊〔Nicomedia〕An ancient city of northwest Asia Minor near the Bosporus in present-day Turkey. It flourished from 264b.c. until it was sacked by Goths in a.d. 258. Diocletian chose it for the capital of his Eastern Roman Empire, but it was soon superseded by Byzantium. 尼科美底亚：位于小亚细亚西北部的一座古城，在当今土耳其境内临博斯普鲁斯海峡。自公元前 264年开始兴盛直至 公元 258年被哥特人掠走。戴科里先将它定为东罗马帝国的首都。但不久又被拜占庭取代 〔sync〕in sync with today's fashions.与当今的时尚相一致〔today〕today issues; the today generation.当今的问题；当今的一代人〔be〕Traditional grammar requires the nominative form of the pronoun in the predicate of the verbbe : It is I (not me ); That must be they (not them ), and so forth. Even literate speakers of Modern English have found the rule difficult to conform to,but the stigmatization ofIt is me is by now so deeply lodged among the canons of correctness that there is little likelihood that the construction will ever be entirely acceptable in formal writing.Adherence to the traditional rule in informal speech, however, has come to sound increasingly pedantic,and begins to sound absurd when the verb is contracted, as inIt's we. · The traditional rule creates particular problems when the pronoun followingbe also functions as the object of a verb or preposition in a relative clause, as in It is not them/they that we have in mind when we talk about "crime in the streets" nowadays, where the plural pronoun serves as both the predicate ofis and the object of have. In this example, 57 percent of the Usage Panel preferred the nominative formthey, 33 percent preferred the accusativethem, and 10 percent accepted both versions.But H.W. Fowler, like other authorities, argued that the use of the nominative here is an error caused by "the temptation . . . to assume, perhaps from hearingIt is me corrected to It is I, that a subjective [nominative] case cannot be wrong after the verb to be. ” Writers can usually find a way to avoid this problem: They are not the ones we have in mind, We have someone else in mind, and so on. See Usage Note at I 1we 传统语法要求系动词谓语中的代词用主格形式be ： It is I （而不是 me ）； That must be they （而不是 them ），等等。 即使现代英语有文化的人也发现很难遵守这个规则，而It is me 的烙印现在已深刻地印入了判断是否正确的准则之中， 以致很少有可能使这种用法在正式书面语中被完全接受。但是在非正式讲话中奉行传统规则已经日益变得象在卖弄学问。并且当系动词被缩减时，就象在It's we 中一样，听起来反而象是不合语法的。 当代词跟在be 后面做动词宾语或做关系从句中的介语宾语时，传统的规则就象在 当我们谈到当今“街上的犯罪”时，他们不是我们心中所想的那些人， 句中复数代词同时充当is 的宾语和 have 的宾语。 在这个例子中57%的用法使用小组更喜欢用主格形式they， 33%更喜欢用宾格形式them， 而10%则两种都接受。但是象其他的权威一样，H.W.福勒争论道，在这里用主格是一个错误，它之所以错是因为“多半听到了It is me 都被改正成 It is I 而拿不定主意，以为主格的情况在动词 to be 后面不可能错。” 作家们常常能够找到一个办法来避免这个问题： 他们不是我们所想的人，我们脑子里想的是另一些人等等 参见 I1we〔today〕During or at the present time.当今：在现在这个期间或在现代这个时期〔chic〕Adopting or setting current fashions and styles; sophisticated:时尚的：采纳或设定当今时尚和风格的；不落俗套的：〔Khanbalik〕An ancient city of Mongol China on the site of modern Beijing. Rebuilt by Kublai Khan from 1264 to 1267 on the site of an earlier city, Khanbalik was called Cambaluc by Marco Polo, who described its magnificence in the account of his travels.大都：蒙古人统治中国时的古代城市，在当今北京所在地。1264到1267年成吉思汗在原有城市的基础上重建此城，马可·波罗称这座城为坎巴立克，并在其游记中描绘了该城的盛景〔hot〕"His book is an exercise in the fashionable art of instant history, in which every episode is hotted up with an anecdote"(Harper's)“他的书是对当今流行艺术的实践，其中每一个插曲都用一件故事来使之更令人兴奋”(哈珀)〔Israeli〕Of or relating to modern-day Israel or its people.以色列的：当今以色列的或其民族的，或与之相关的〔Somaliland〕A region of eastern Africa comprising present-day Somalia, Djibouti, and southeast Ethiopia. The area was a target of European colonization after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869.索马里兰：东非一个地区，由当今的索马里、吉布提和埃塞俄比亚东南部组成。1869年苏伊士运河开通之后，该地区成为欧洲殖民地的目标〔Israeli〕A native or inhabitant of modern-day Israel.以色列人：当今以色列的本地人或居民〔Eurocentric〕"The . . . current revivals of classical architecture cannot be dissociated from attempts in other fields to assert the preeminence of Eurocentric Western culture"(Hugh Honour)“古典建筑风格在当今的复活与试图断言以欧洲为中心的西方文化在其它领域的卓越性是密不可分的”(休·昂纳)〔enthusiasm〕When the English philospher Henry More stated in a work published in 1660 that "If ever Christianity be exterminated, it will be by Enthusiasme,”he clearly used the word differently from the way we do now.He was also using a meaning that differed from the first sense, "possession by a god,” recorded in English (1603). Enthusiasm and this sense of the word go back to the Greek wordenthousiasmos, which ultimately comes from the adjectiveentheos, "having the god within,” formed fromen-, "in, within,” and theos, "god.” Henry More in 1660 was referring to belief, either mistaken or unsupported by evidence, in one's own inspiration by the Christian God. Enthusiasm, as now most frequently used,has become secularized and at times weakened,so that one can speak of an enthusiasm for fast cars.当英国哲学家亨利·摩尔在其1660 年出版的一部书中宣称“如果基督教会消亡，那必因宗教的狂热”时，他使用该词显然不同于当今的用法。他所用的意思与第一种含义，英语中的“神灵感应”(1603年）也有所不同。 Enthusiasm 及其含义可追溯到希腊词enthousiasmos， 该词完全由形容词entheos 而来， 意为“心中有神灵，它由en-， 表“在…里”，和 theos-， 意为“神”构成。 亨利·摩尔在1660 年所指的是错误地或毫无根据地相信得到了基督教上帝的启示。 Enthusiasm 现在被经常使用，它的含义已脱离宗教的影响并不断弱化，现在我们可以说对开快车的狂热〔assert〕"thinks the book succeeds in achieving its avowed purpose: to explain how the Court's current role evolved through history" (Tony Mauro). “认为该书成功地达到了公开宣布的目的：解释当今法庭作用的历史发展” （托尼·莫罗）。 |
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